牛抵抗素基因的克隆及原核表达

从健康新生牛大网膜脂肪组织中提取总RNA,根据已发表的牛Resistin mRNA序列设计、合成引物,通过RT-PCR进行cDNA扩增,获得了343 bp的片段。将该片段克隆于pMD18-T载体后进行序列分析,确认PCR产物为牛Resistin cDNA。从阳性克隆中提取质粒,经BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切,回收343 bp的目的片段,定向克隆到pGEX-6P-1表达载体中,提取质粒并再次转化到BL21(DE3)中,成功地筛选出阳性克隆。经IPTG诱导阳性菌,通过SDS-PAGE检测出牛的Resistin基因的表达。     

猪瘟病毒Erns基因的克隆及原核表达

从猪瘟病毒石门株血液样品中提取总RNA,通过R-PCR对Erns基因进行cDNA扩增,获得了696 bp的片段.将该片段克隆于T-easy载体后进行序列分析,确认PCR产物为猪瘟病毒Erns基因,从阳性克隆中提取质粒,经Bam H Ⅰ和Hin d Ⅲ双酶切,回收产物亚克隆到pET-32a表达载体中,提取质粒后转化BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,并筛选出阳性克隆,经IPTG诱导后通过SDS-PAGE检测出Erns基因的表达.     

大肠杆菌多药耐药基因AcrA的克隆及其原核表达

从大肠杆菌AcrA的编码序列中设计引物，以大肠杆菌基因组为模板，扩增出AcrA基因中约691bp的cDNA片段，将所得片段与pMD—18T载体连接，转化到DH5α大肠杆菌中，成功地筛选到阳性克隆，其质粒测序结果与文献报道一致。从阳性克隆中提取质粒，经HindⅢ和BamHI酶解，回收691bp的目的片段，定向克隆到pET—28a表达载体中，提取质粒，再次转化到BL21(DE3)中，成功地筛选出阳性克隆。经IPTG诱导阳性菌，通过SDS—PAGE检测出AcrA部分基因的表达。     

大肠杆菌多重耐药调控基因soxS的克隆及其原核表达

根据GenBank中大肠杆菌的soxS基因序列设计引物,以大肠杆菌ATCC25922的基因组为模板,PCR扩增出约324 bp的soxS基因片段,将所得片段与pMD18-Tsi mple vector连接,转化至J M109大肠杆菌中,成功地筛选到阳性克隆,其质粒序列测序结果与GenBank中报道一致。从阳性克隆中提取质粒,经BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ酶解,回收324 bp的目的片段,定向克隆到pET-28a表达载体中,提取质粒,再次转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,成功地筛选出阳性克隆。经IPTG诱导阳性菌,获得表达产物,通过SDS-PAGE检测出soxS基因的表达。     

溆浦鹅卵泡抑制素α亚基编码区cDNA克隆及其原核表达

根据GenBank中鸡卵泡抑制素α亚基序列设计引物，对该序列按大肠杆菌嗜好密码子进行优化，在设计的引物两端分别加上限制性内切酶SacⅠ和XhoⅡ的识别位点序列。利用RT-PCR技术从溆浦鹅卵泡的颗粒细胞总RNA中扩增出抑制素α亚基成熟区序列，经PCR扩增出354bp片段，该片段与pMD18-T载体连接，转化JM109感受态细胞，所得阳性克隆进行双酶切鉴定和PCR鉴定，并进行了测序分析，得到的克隆序列与设计的序列基本一致。表明成功地获得了抑制素α亚基编码序列的克隆载体。从阳性细菌中提取质粒，经SacⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切，回收354bp目的片段，定向克隆到pET28a中，转化DH5α受体菌，提取质粒，再转化到BL21(DE3)中，成功筛选出阳性克隆。阳性菌经IPTG诱导，通过SDS-PAGE，检测出溆浦鹅卵泡抑制素α亚基编码区的表达。     

大肠杆菌多药耐药基因AcrA的克隆及其原核表达

从大肠杆菌AcrA的编码序列中设计引物,以大肠杆菌基因组为模板,扩增出AcrA基因中约691 bp的cDNA片段,将所得片段与pMD-18T载体连接,转化到DH5a大肠杆菌中,成功地筛选到阳性克隆,其质粒测序结果与文献报道一致.从阳性克隆中提取质粒,经HindⅢ和BamH I酶解,回收691 bp的目的片段,定向克隆到pET-28a表达载体中,提取质粒,再次转化到BL21(DE3)中,成功地筛选出阳性克隆.经IPTG诱导阳性菌,通过SDS-PAGE检测出AcrA部分基因的表达.     

猪肌生成抑制素C末端80氨基酸编码基因的合成及其原核表达

将猪肌生成抑制素编码序列下游883-l126bp按大肠杆菌嗜好密码子进行优化，将优化后序列双链分成l2个单链片段(F1、F2、F3、R6、R5、R4、F4、F5、F7、R3、R2、R1)，采用化学合成方法合成，每对相邻互补片段之间有20bp序列交叉重叠。F1长38bp，Rl长36bp，其他片段均40bp长，Fl和R1片段两端分别加上限制性内切酶NcoI和XhoI的识别位点序列。经PCR扩增出254bp片段，该片段与pMDl8—T载体连接，转化JMl09感受态细胞，所得阳性克隆进行测序分析，得到的克隆序列与设计的序列完全一致，表明成功地获得了猪肌生成抑制素下游编码序列克隆载体。从阳性细菌中提取质粒，经NcoI和XhoI酶切，回收254bp目的片段，定向克隆到pET28a中，转化DH5α受体菌，提取质粒，再转化到BL2l(DE3)中，成功筛选出阳性克隆。阳性菌经IPTG诱导，通过SDS—PAGE，检测出猪肌生成抑制素的表达。     

猪肌生成抑制素（MSTN）cDNA的克隆

从猪的肌生成抑制素（MSTN）编码序列中设计引物，以军牧一号猪肌细胞总PNA为模板，利用RT－PCR和嵌套PCR技术，扩增出MSTN cDNA片段。该片段全长1277bp，包含猪MSTN基因的全部编码序列。将所得片段与pMD18-T载体连接，转化到JM109大肠杆菌中，成功地筛选到阳性克隆，其质粒测序结果与文献报道的一致。经EcoR Ⅰ和Pst Ⅰ酶解分析，cDNA片段与pMD18-T载本之间既有正向插入的克隆，也有反向插入的克隆，所得到的MSTN cDNA可用于原核和真核表达载体的构建。     

猪肌生成抑制素C末端80氨基酸编码基因的合成及其原核表达

将猪肌生成抑制素编码序列下游883～1 126 bp按大肠杆菌嗜好密码子进行优化,将优化后序列双链分成12个单链片段(F1、F2、F3、R6、R5、R4、F4、F5、F6、R3、R2、R1),采用化学合成方法合成,每对相邻互补片段之间有20 bp序列交叉重叠.F1长38 bp,R1长36 bp,其他片段均40bp长,F1和R1片段两端分别加上限制性内切酶Nco I和Xho I的识别位点序列.经PCR扩增出254 bp片段,该片段与pMD18-T载体连接,转化JM109感受态细胞,所得阳性克隆进行测序分析,得到的克隆序列与设计的序列完全一致,表明成功地获得了猪肌生成抑制素下游编码序列克隆载体.从阳性细菌中提取质粒,经Nc0 I和Xho I酶切,回收254 bp目的片段,定向克隆到pET28a中,转化DH5.受体菌,提取质粒,再转化到BL21(DE3)中,成功筛选出阳性克隆.阳性菌经IPTG诱导,通过SDS PAGE,检测出猪肌生成抑制素的表达.     

大肠杆菌多重耐药调控基因marR的克隆及其原核表达

为获得MarR多克隆抗体,试验以大肠杆菌ATCC25922基因组为模板,根据GenBank中大肠杆菌的marR基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增出长约435bp的marR基因片段,将所得片段与pMD18-T载体连接,转化至JM109大肠杆菌中,筛选阳性克隆,其质粒中插入序列的测序结果与GenBank中报道一致,从阳性克隆中提取质粒,经BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切回收435bp的目的片段,定向克隆到pET-28a(+)表达载体中,提取阳性质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中获得阳性克隆。结果表明:经IPTG诱导阳性菌收集表达产物,通过SDS-PAGE分析证实marR基因得到表达;经Western-blot检测该蛋白具有良好的反应原性。     

冀东地区猪链球菌病病原的特性

对2003－2004年从河北省秦皇岛、唐山分离获得的48株猪源链球菌，进行了生物学特性鉴定及血清分群。其形态、染色及培养特性基本符合链球菌特征，大多具有α或β溶血。用国际通用的链球菌A-G乳胶分型诊断液检测48株分离菌．结果表明，猪源链球菌血清群以兰氏D群为主，占47．9％（23／48），其次为C群，占37．5％（18／48），A群、B群各1株，其他5株未检测出。致病性试验表明，供试菌株均能使小鼠、家兔和猪感染发病甚至死亡。试验提示，冀东地区猪链球菌病的病原以兰氏D群为主，在防治方面应引起重视。     

上海地区猪源链球菌分离株的病原特性鉴定

1997－1999年从上海地区分离出15株猪源链球菌，结合培养特性、生化特性及血清定型等对其进行了鉴定。其形态、染色及培养特性基本符合链球菌的特点，大多具有α或β溶血，生化试验结果不稳定。用国际通用的链球菌A－G乳胶分型诊断液和猪链球菌1、2型标准阳性血清检测5株分离菌，4株为C群链球菌，1株为2型猪链球菌，1株为B群链球菌，1株为D群链球菌，1株与A群和C群有交叉反应，7株不在其检测范围。小鼠对15株分离菌的敏感性有所不同。本试验表明，上海地区猪链球菌病的病原已不再是单一的C群链球菌。对新出现的2型猪链球菌，应引起足够重视。     

Nucleotide sequence and genetic analysis of the leader region of Canadian, American and European equine arteritis virus isolates.

The extreme 5' end, the entire leader sequence of the Arvac vaccine strain, and 10 equine arteritis virus (EAV) isolates, including the ATCC Bucyrus reference strain and 5 Canadian field isolates, were determined and compared at the primary nucleotide and secondary structure levels. The leader sequence of eight EAV isolates, including the Bucyrus reference strain, and the leader sequence of the Arvac vaccine strain was determined to be 206 nt in length (not including the putative 5' cap structure-associated nucleotide) whereas those of the 86AB-A1 and 86NY-A1 isolates were found to be 205 and 207 nt in length, respectively. The sequence identity of the leader sequences, between the different isolates and the Bucyrus reference strain, ranged from 94.2 to 98.5%. Phylogenetic analysis and estimation of genetic distances, based on the leader nucleic acid sequences, showed that all EAV isolates/strains are likely to represent a large phylogenetically-related group. An AUG start codon found at position 14 in all EAV isolates/strains could initiate an open reading frame (ORF) that could produce a polypeptide of 37 amino acids, except for the 86NY-A1 isolate where the intraleader polypeptide would contain 54 amino acids. Computer-predicted RNA secondary structures were identified in the 11 EAV leader regions analyzed. All EAV isolates/strains showed 3 conserved stem-loops (designated A, B and C). An additional conserved stem-loop (D) was observed in 7 EAV isolates, including the Bucyrus reference strain. The leader region distal to stem-loop D did not contain conserved sequences or stem-loop structures common to the EAV isolates/strains.     

猪脑心肌炎病毒GXLC株的分离及其3D基因分子特征的分析

采集临床疑似脑心肌炎死亡仔猪的组织作为接种材料,接种于BHK-21细胞系,观察细胞病变（CPE）,并用RT-PCR和间接荧光抗体试验（IFA）进行鉴定,证实分离到1株脑心肌炎病毒（encephalomyocarditis virus,EMCV）,命名为GXLC株。应用RT-PCR方法扩增GXLC株的3D基因,扩增产物克隆入pMD18-T载体后进行测序,对获得的3D基因序列进行分析。序列分析结果表明,GXLC株3D基因全长1380 nt,编码460个氨基酸,含有7个抗原表位。同源性分析结果表明,GXLC株与国内外其它EMCV分离株3D基因核苷酸序列的同源性在84.7%～99.7%之间,氨基酸序列的同源性在96.1%～99.6%之间。遗传进化分析结果表明,基于3D基因核苷酸序列绘制的系统进化树可将所有EMCV分离株分成2个群：Ⅰ群和Ⅱ群,Ⅰ群可再细分为Ⅰa亚群和Ⅰb亚群,其中猪源EMCV在Ⅰ群和Ⅱ群中均有分布,而鼠源EMCV分布在Ⅰ群,人源EMCV分布在Ⅱ群;GXLC株与其它中国分离株均属于Ⅰa亚群。     

Streptococci from the bovine udder in dairy herds in Khartoum Province, Sudan

Five hundred and seventy-nine milk samples were collected from dairy cows on seven farms in Khartoum North area and one farm in Omdurman and examined by bacteriological cultures for the presence of streptococci. One hundred and ninety-three (33.33%) isolates were recovered and identified on the basis of bacteriological characteristics and biochemical reactions as: S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. faecalis, S. faecium, S. bovis, S. equi, S. lactis and S. uberis. Fifty-seven isolates representing the preliminary identification were tested by the latex-agglutination test to determine the serological groups. It was found that 39 strains belonged to group B, 3 strains to group C. Four strains gave a weak reaction with group D sera and were identified by biochemical tests as S. uberis. Two isolates could not be identified by the available sera. The isolation of S. uberis, S. bovis, S. equi, S. lactis, S. faecalis, S. faecium and S. pyogenes from cows in the Sudan was reported for the first time.     

A comparison of extracted proteins of isolates of Dermatophilus congolensis by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting.

Antigenic diversity within a collection of 18 isolates of Dermatophilus congolensis from different Continents was examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by Western blotting with sera from cattle with clinical dermatophilosis using whole cell extracts obtained by three methods and one extract of extracellular products of D. congolensis. One of the methods involving the release of a lysostaphin-solubilized protein (LSP) of whole cells of D. congolensis revealed a number of discrete and easily-identifiable bands in SDS-PAGE which were found suitable for characterizing protein patterns and was, therefore, subsequently used for a comparative analysis of the proteins of all the D. congolensis isolates. Six electropherotypes (ET) of D. congolensis were identified among the 18 isolates using the protein profiles based on the presence of four protein bands at Molecular weights (MW) 62, 28, 17.4 and 16.4 kDa. The ETs were found among isolates from different animal species and from different sources with ET1 consisting of three bovine and two equine isolates; ET2, two bovine and three ovine isolates; ET3, two bovine isolates; ET4, two bovine isolates; ET5, one bovine and one ovine isolates and ET6, two bovine isolates. Immunoblotting of the extracts of D. congolensis isolates with sera from cattle with clinical dermatophilosis infection demonstrated protein bands of MW ranging from 9 kDa to 188 kDa. Sera from chronic dermatophilosis infection demonstrated a 28 kDa protein which was immunodominant in the LSP extracts of all the 18 isolates of D. congolensis tested while sera from mild infections demonstrated mainly the 62 kDa protein in the same extracts. However, many protein bands were demonstrated in surface membrane (TSMP) and extracellular protein extracts with sera from only mildly infected animals. The protein patterns observed in all isolates of D. congolensis revealed global antigenic similarities and distinct differences among isolates which could not be associated with either geographic, climatic or host factors. Also sera from infected animals from endemic regions of dermatophilosis could not differentiate isolates of D. congolensis. This suggests the possibility that such sera must have come from animals that had been infected by a multitude of D. congolensis strains present in the herd environment and strains an animal could have come across during the 'ritual' annual cross-country migration of the cattle herds.     

苜蓿青贮中乳酸菌特性研究

从青贮饲料中分离鉴定了39株乳酸菌,并研究了这些乳酸菌的特性。结果表明：分离菌株都是革兰氏阳性、过氧化氢酶阴性、兼性厌氧菌,根据其形态学和生理生化特性,可分为7组（A-G）,A组、B组为片球菌属（Pediococcus）,C组、D组和E组为肠球菌属（Enterococcus）,F组和G组属于乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）。     

鸡链球菌病病原分群鉴定

从河南省荥阳、淇县、修武、兰考、郑州等地送检鸡只的病料中分离到17株链球菌。经对其中13个典型菌株进行系统生化分群鉴定,结果表明,上述地区发生的鸡链球菌病主要是由C群兽疫链球菌(6/13)、D群鸟链球菌(4/13)和D群粪链球菌(2/13)引起,另有1株未能定群。     

Serological classification of Japanese isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum using two serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies

A serological classification of 106 Japanese isolates of Haemophilus paragalinarum recovered from 1960 to 1984 was performed by dot-blotting and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests using two serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), E5C12D10 and F2E6. By the dot-blotting test, 49 of the isolates were serovar A and 55 isolates were serovar C, and the two remaining isolates did not react with either MAb. These two nontypable strains had no hemagglutinating activity against chicken erythrocytes and were nonpathogenic to chickens. Although 49 serovar A isolates were serotyped by the HI test, only 23 of the 55 serovar C isolates could be serotyped. The remaining 32 isolates could not be serotyped because no or low hemagglutinating activity could be detected. Our results indicate that H. paragallinarum serovars A and C have both been present in Japan since 1960, with serovar A isolates being dominant before 1970 and serovar C isolates more prevalent than serovar A since 1970.     

Further characterization of Haemophilus paragallinarum and Haemophilus avium

A total of 60 isolates of Haemophilus spp. from chickens, including four reference strains of H. paragallinarum and one of H. avium, were examined for their physiological and biochemical properties. The isolates could be placed into two groups. One group was identified as H. paragallinarum and consisted of 43 isolates including the four reference strains of H. paragallinarum. The other group was identified as H. avium and consisted of 17 isolates including the reference strain of H. avium. H. avium can be differentiated from H. paragallinarum by its possession of the enzymes catalase and alpha-glucosidase, capacity to grow in air, production of acid from galactose, and by the fact that its growth is not improved by the addition of chicken serum. In addition, the majority of H. avium isolates, unlike H. paragallinarum, possess a yellow pigment and produce acid from trehalose.