多西环素人工抗原的合成与鉴定

建立多西环素人工抗原(Doxycycline,DOX)的合成及鉴定方法。采用戊二醛偶联法将DOX分别与载体牛血清白蛋白(BSA)及卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联制备免疫抗原(DOX-BSA)和包被抗原(DOX-OVA)。经SDS-PAGE电泳法、紫外可见吸收光谱鉴定,证实人工抗原成功合成,偶联比分别为8.6∶1和3.8∶1。结果表明建立了一种新的DOX抗原合成方法,为进一步制备特异性DOX抗体和建立检测食品中DOX的酶联免疫方法奠定了基础。     

克伦特罗小分子半抗原偶联率的测定方法研究

利用重氮化两步法将半抗原盐酸(CL)分别偶联到牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(O-VA)上制得了免疫抗原BSA-CL和包被抗原OVA-CL。建立了用紫外分光光度法测定偶联比率的方法,测得它们的偶联率分别为39:1和24:1。     

呕吐毒素单克隆抗体制备及鉴定

为制备一种呕吐毒素(deoxynivalenol,DON)单克隆抗体(McAb),对DON进行改造,合成了半抗原,然后与载体蛋白BSA、OVA分别偶联合成偶联抗原DON-BSA、DON-OVA,并通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法和紫外分析法对合成的偶联抗原进行鉴定。然后用DON-BSA作为免疫抗原,DON-OVA作为检测抗原免疫小鼠制备抗DON的单克隆抗体。结果所得单克隆抗体为IgG1亚型,分子质量为158ku,抗体标准曲线IC50值为1.7μg/L,与T2毒素、黄曲霉毒素B1几乎没有交叉反应,筛选到的单克隆抗体可用于研制DON酶联免疫检测产品。     

用于检测孔雀石绿的全抗原的合成与鉴定

采用重氮化法,将半抗原副品红(Pararosaniline,PA)分别与载体蛋白牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、人血清白蛋白(HSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,反应得到免疫抗原和包被抗原,其偶联最佳结合比分别为8.8∶1,12.7∶1,6.9∶1,经紫外扫描光谱和蛋白电泳鉴定得到全抗原。用制备的抗原乳化后免疫小鼠获得了效价较高的多克隆抗体。为进一步制备抗孔雀石绿单克隆抗体打下基础。     

氯霉素人工抗原的合成及其抗体的制备

为了合成氯霉素(CAP)人工抗原并制备抗体,试验建立CAP残留的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法,采用重氮化法将半抗原CAP与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)进行偶联,制得免疫抗原,然后与卵清白蛋白(OVA)进行偶联,制得包被抗原,通过紫外光谱扫描鉴定是否偶联成功;用免疫抗原免疫KM小鼠,制备CAP多克隆抗体,并通过间接ELISA法测定抗体效价。结果表明:通过紫外光谱扫描,CAP-BSA在275 nm处为最大吸收峰,CAP-OVA在276 nm处为最大吸收峰;并且免疫KM小鼠得到的抗体效价高达1∶128 000。说明试验成功制备了CAP人工抗原,并且获得了高效价的多克隆抗体,也进一步证明了药物偶联成功。     

氨苄西林人工抗原的合成及鼠源多克隆抗体的制备

为了建立氨苄西林(AMP)残留检测的免疫分析方法,试验采用碳二亚胺(EDC)法将AMP与经活化的牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)分别进行偶联,合成人工抗原AMP-BSA和AMPOVA,通过紫外光谱扫描对人工抗原进行鉴定,将AMP-BSA免疫BALB/c小鼠获得多克隆抗体,利用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定抗体效价。结果表明:AMP与载体蛋白BSA和OVA偶联成功,并成功制备了鼠源AMP多克隆抗体,效价高达1∶64 000。     

展青霉素人工抗原的制备与鉴定

为探讨展青霉素（patulin,PAT）不同抗原合成方法对完全抗原制备及抗体产生的影响,本试验利用琥珀酸酐联合活泼酯法,分别制备免疫原PAT-BSA和包被原PAT-OVA。为提高PAT与偶联蛋白的结合率,尝试将BSA修饰为EDA-BSA后与PAT进行偶联,并对比2种偶联方法制备的完全抗原免疫动物后抗血清的效价水平。同时利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、凝胶渗透色谱多种方法分析鉴定偶联结果,为PAT单克隆抗体的制备及免疫学检测方法的建立奠定了基础。     

赭曲霉毒素A人工抗原合成及多克隆抗体的制备

试验采用活性酯法将赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)分别与BSA、KLH偶联,合成人工免疫抗原OTA-BSA和人工检测抗原OTA-KLH,并通过紫外光谱扫描(UV)、SDS-PAGE验证偶联成功,OTA-BSA的偶联比为12.5∶1,OTA-KLH的偶联比为10∶1。用OTA-BSA免疫BALB/c小鼠,获得高效价、高特异的小鼠多抗血清,多抗血清效价达1∶2×105以上,在0.1 ng/m L~8.1 ng/m L的范围内,线性关系良好,R2=0.996 1,IC50为0.18 ng/m L。鼠多抗血清除与赭曲霉毒素B有18%的交叉反应率外,与玉米赤霉烯酮、黄曲霉毒素B 1、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇等类似物的交叉反应率(CR)均小于0.2%,特异性良好。     

SMD单克隆抗体的制备及测定方法的建立

用戊二醛作为偶联剂 ,将磺胺对甲氧嘧啶 (SMD )与牛血清白蛋白 (BSA )或卵清蛋白 (OVA)偶联形成完全抗原 ,经紫外分光光度计扫描鉴定。以人工抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,取脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞 (SP2 /0 -Ag1 4)融合 ,用间接ELISA联合竞争ELISA法筛选出产生针对SMD抗体的杂交瘤细胞。经克隆 ,得到 3株特异性好的阳性杂交瘤细胞 ,注入小鼠腹腔产生腹水。建立了测定SMD的ELISA法 ,其检测下限小于5ng/mL。     

达氟沙星人工抗原的合成与鉴定

采用碳二亚胺偶联法将达氟沙星分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、卵清白蛋白(OVA)载体蛋白偶联,制备达氟沙星人工抗原DFLX-BSA和DFLX-OVA,并用FeCl3显色反应、紫外扫描和酶联免疫吸附试验对制备的人工抗原进行鉴定.结果表明:DFLX与BSA和OVA的偶联比为14: 1和16: 1时可成功地制备达氟沙星人工抗原.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.