云南省部分猪场猪伪狂犬病血清学调查

为调查了解云南省猪场伪狂犬病疫苗免疫抗体水平和野毒感染情况,采用ELISA-gB和ELISA-gE抗体检测方法对云南省部分猪场送检的602份血清样品进行了检测分析。结果表明:检出疫苗免疫猪场伪狂犬病的抗体阳性率为92.73%,未免疫疫苗的猪场伪狂犬病野毒gE抗体阳性率为38.46%。说明猪伪狂犬病野毒感染在云南省猪场中普遍存在,疫苗免疫过的猪场伪狂犬病的抗体水平较高,但不同阶段猪的抗体水平存在一定的差异。     

规模化猪场猪伪狂犬病流行病学调查

猪伪狂犬病(PR)临床上以仔猪的神经症状、呼吸道系统疾病及种猪发生流产等繁殖性障碍为特征,猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)是引起PR的病原。猪呼吸道疾病综合征(PRDC)是由多种致病因素导致的一种猪复杂的呼吸道疾病,PRV也是引起PRDC的主要病毒性病原之一。近年来规模化猪场对PRV的免疫均选用了基因缺失苗,使用基因缺失苗能更好地利用针对特异性蛋白的Elisa检测方法,将缺失苗免疫动物与野毒感染动物或常规疫苗免疫动物区分开。2010年10月,我们对涪陵区19个使用过猪伪狂犬病gE缺失苗的规模化猪场进行了PRV病原抗体和疫苗抗体的监测。     

青海省互助县猪伪狂犬病病毒感染情况调查与分析

<正>猪伪狂犬病(Pseudorabies,PR)是由猪伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)引起的一种以妊娠母猪繁殖障碍和哺乳仔猪神经症状及高死亡率为主要特征的急性传染病,是危害养猪业健康发展的重要疫病之一,目前国内外普遍采用PRV g E基因缺失疫苗对PR进行免疫预防,通过检测g E抗体鉴别区分疫苗免疫抗体和野毒感染抗体,从而能有效监测猪群中PRV野毒感染情况,逐步淘汰PRV野毒感染猪。     

猪伪狂犬病野毒感染的临床诊断、血清学调查以及控制措施

目的为某规模化猪场猪伪狂犬病病毒野毒株感染防控工作提供科学的免疫防控方案。方法对某发病猪群（采用Bartha-K61经典毒株疫苗进行了猪伪狂犬病免疫）进行流行病学调查,并采用ELISA方法检测其猪伪狂犬病gB抗体和gE抗体水平。结果根据调查、解剖和血清抗体检测结果,初步确诊该发病猪群为猪伪狂犬病野毒感染。通过采取紧急免疫伪狂犬病HB2000毒株疫苗、调整免疫程序和配合药物治疗等措施,育肥猪死亡率从2.56%降低至0.60%;除了4周龄及12周龄猪群外,其余猪群伪狂犬病野毒抗体水平全部下降;种公猪、8周龄、10周龄、14周龄猪群伪狂犬病野毒抗体阳性率均为0。结论Bartha-K61经典毒株疫苗并不能提供完全的保护力,通过紧急免疫与流行毒株同源性较高的HB2000毒株疫苗,加强生物安全管理工作,能够有效控制猪伪狂犬病野毒感染。     

一起猪伪狂犬病的诊断与分析

为了查找云南曲靖区某猪场发生怀孕母猪流产和产木乃伊胎儿增多的原因,采集流产胎儿脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、淋巴结等组织器官和母猪血清、全血。试验对胎儿组织器官进行猪伪狂犬病、猪细小病毒病、猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的病原核酸检测,对母猪血清进行猪伪狂犬野毒感染gI抗体检测。检测结果表明胎儿猪伪狂犬病毒核酸阳性,猪血清伪狂犬野毒感染gI抗体阳性。诊断该场引起母猪流产和产木乃伊胎儿增多的病因是猪伪狂犬病毒感染所致。     

伪狂犬病分子生物学诊断方法研究进展

伪狂犬病是多种家畜和野生动物的一种重要传染病,猪为病毒的贮存宿主。该病一毒一旦感染动物则终生带毒呈潜伏感染状态,遇到外界应激则重新激活而向外界排毒,引起易感动物发病。为了加强进口检疫和优良种畜的推广,防止该病的传入,各国科技工作者根据常规的抗原抗体检测方法不能检测该病毒的潜伏感染情况,研制出各种检测伪狂犬病病毒核酸的分子生物学方法。本文就核酸探针杂交技术,常规ＰＣＲ、鉴别ＰＣＲ、鉴别与定量ＰＣＲ等     

一例农户小型种猪场伪狂犬病的净化

某农户小型种猪场疑似感染伪狂犬病病毒,为了检测出野毒感染猪,净化伪狂犬病,提高猪群健康水平,采用PRV gE抗体ELISA检测试剂盒,对该场免疫了猪伪狂犬病基因缺失疫苗的猪群进行5次野毒感染检测;同时应用实时荧光PCR检测试剂盒,对有临床症状的新生仔猪进行PRV病原检测。经过连续监测、综合防控并适时淘汰,该猪场的PRV野毒感染率降为1.72%,发病仔猪伪狂犬病毒野毒阳性率均降为零。猪场新生仔猪成活率提高,猪群基本无PRV感染,净化效果良好。     

一个规模猪场伪狂犬病血清学检测与免疫程序评价

猪伪狂犬病是由疱疹病毒引起的一种病毒性传染病,是当前困扰、危害猪场的主要疾病之一,不仅可以进行水平传播,也可通过胎盘、精液进行垂直传播,也是引起呼吸道病综合征的重要原发性病原之一[1]。猪只一旦感染可以长期带毒,且有排毒散毒的风险[2],防控难度大。该病目前尚无特效的治疗方法,疫苗免疫是预防和控制猪伪狂犬病最为有效的措施之一。猪群进行血清流行病学调查检测,是评价疫苗免疫效果及优化免疫程序的重要手段和掌握猪场是否有野毒存在情况,保证猪场猪群安全。     

姜平:伪狂犬病毒基因重组导致毒力返强

<正>南京农业大学动物医学院姜平教授介绍了我国新发猪伪狂犬病病因解析、防控净化情况。姜平指出新发的猪伪狂犬病病原在原猪伪狂犬病毒的基础上发生了重组变异,形成了新的超强毒株。姜平认为伪狂犬病暴发的主要原因是原有疫苗毒力返强及含量不足等。姜平介绍新发的猪伪狂犬病毒具有持续感染,终身带毒的特点,所以最好的防控方法就是在猪场进行净化。姜平指出当前基因缺失疫苗已经具备,野毒感染鉴别诊断方法也简单易行,已经具备了净化猪伪狂犬的条件。     

猪几种易发传染病的诊治

正猪病毒性腹泻、猪伪狂犬病和猪丹毒是养猪业最为常见的传染病,其中猪病毒性腹泻、猪伪狂犬病是病毒性传染病,分别由传染性胃肠炎病毒、流行性腹泻病毒、轮状病毒和猪伪狂犬病病毒引起;猪丹毒是由猪丹毒杆菌引起。虽然是流行多年的病,但其防疫依然不可放松。由于多种疫苗的长期应用和多病原的混合共存,病原变异株的不确定性和耐药株的出现,老病新发的危害依然不亚于新病暴发,一定要给予高度重视。1猪病毒性腹泻     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.