雏鸡母源抗体滴度与抗禽网状内皮增生病病毒感染间的相关性分析

为分析雏鸡母源抗体滴度与抗禽网状内皮增生病毒(REV)感染之间的相关性.将蛋用型海兰褐种鸡在用REV弱毒疫苗免疫接种,种鸡均在2周内产生REV特异性抗体.来自免疫REV疫苗种鸡的雏鸡均呈母源抗体阳性,而且母源抗体滴度与对应种鸡的抗体滴度呈正相关性.分别对有母源抗体和无母源抗体的雏鸡人工接种REV低代毒,比较它们的生长速度和对新城疫病毒(NDV)和禽流感病毒(AIV)灭活苗免疫后的抗体反应.结果表明,种鸡提供的母源抗体,不仅可预防REV野毒感染引起的生长迟缓,也可预防REV引起的对NDV和AIV灭活疫苗免疫反应的抑制作用.雏鸡的REV母源抗体水平与对NDV和AIV的灭活疫苗免疫后的抗体滴度呈正相关性.     

ND＋IB二联油苗在产蛋高峰后期种鸡生产中的应用

种鸡在产蛋高峰过后，其ND和IB抗体水平随着产蛋周龄的增加会逐渐降低。为提高ND和IB抗体水平，防止产蛋高峰后期的种鸡在生产中发生非典型ND和IB，有必要进行一次ND和IB疫苗补充免疫，以提高种鸡对NDV和IBV强毒感染的抵抗力，防止感染病毒后而引发的产蛋性能下降。同时，种鸡免疫ND＋IB二联油苗也能提高商品代鸡苗的母源抗体水平，对雏鸡前10天左右提供充足的母源抗体保护，避免雏鸡前期发生ND和（或）IB。为此，笔者尝试在种鸡产蛋高峰后期使用ND＋IB二联油苗和ND油苗，以观察对种鸡生产性能的影响以及补免后种鸡ND和IB抗体水平情况。     

母源抗体对同源及异源禽网状内皮增生病病毒感染诱发免疫抑制的预防作用

蛋用型海兰褐母鸡在用网状内皮增生病病毒（REV）细胞适应毒REV-C99（p30）免疫接种后,均在2周内产生REV特异性抗体。来自免疫种鸡的雏鸡在7日龄内100%（10/10）REV母源抗体阳性。分别在有母源抗体和没有母源抗体的1日龄鸡接种与疫苗株同源的低传代毒REV-C99（p3）或异源的REV中国野毒株HA9901（p5）,以此比较母源抗体对同源和异源REV病毒感染造成的免疫抑制的预防作用。结果表明,REV母源抗体能同等有效地预防同源和异源REV感染造成的对H5和H9禽流感灭活疫苗HI抗体反应的抑制作用。     

禽脑脊髓炎弱毒苗免疫种鸡后雏鸡母源抗体变化规律研究

禽脑脊髓炎(AE)主要导致1月龄内的雏鸡发生共济失调,瘫痪,头颈震颤和衰竭死亡.目前国内外预防本病的主要措施是在种鸡开产前接种AE弱毒疫苗,后裔雏鸡通过母源抗体获得保护[1,2].但是,近年来在我国某些种鸡场的免疫群后裔雏鸡时有AE发生[3,4],为探讨AE弱毒疫苗对免疫种鸡后裔雏鸡的保护效果,本研究用琼脂扩散实验(AGP)对免疫种鸡后裔雏鸡的AE母源抗体衰减规律进行监测并对AE母源抗体不同水平的雏鸡进行了攻毒试验,现将结果报告如下.……     

灭活苗接种部位对鸡免疫应答的影响

灭活苗接种部位对鸡免疫应答的影响余永鹏，王贵平编译（广东省农科院兽医研究所５１０６４０）灭活疫苗广泛应用于种鸡群的免疫，以提高母源抗体进入卵黄，从而确保雏鸡早期对各种传染性疾病的感染。在商品蛋鸡中可以减少产蛋期间注射弱毒疫苗的次数；在生产上，也用于制...     

J亚群禽白血病病毒与禽网状内皮增生症病毒共感染对肉鸡生长和免疫功能的抑制作用

1日龄肉鸡感染J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV—J)以及共感染禽网状内皮增生症病毒(REV)后，肉鸡生长发育明显受阻，体重增重明显下降(P＜0．05)，法氏囊、胸腺明显萎缩(P＜0．05)，在用新城疫疫苗免疫后，感染组血清中新城疫抗体效价显著低于对照组(P＜0．05)；在ALV—J和REV共感染后，这种抑制作用更为明显(P＜0．01)。ALV—J单独感染后，鸡对传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)弱毒疫苗免疫后的抗体反应与对照组没有明显差别，但ALV—J与REV的共感染可明显延缓鸡对IBDV弱毒疫苗免疫的抗体反应。     

J亚群禽白血病病毒与禽网状内皮增生症病毒共感染对肉鸡生长和免疫功能的抑制作用

1日龄网鸡感染J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)以及共感染禽网状内皮增生症病毒(REV)后,肉鸡生长发育明显受阻,体重增重明显下降(P＜0.05),法氏囊、胸腺明显萎缩(P＜0.05),在用新城疫疫苗免疫后,感染组血清中新城疫抗体效价显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);在ALV-J和REV共感染后,这种抑制作用更为明显(P＜0.01).ALV J单独感染后,鸡对传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)弱毒疫苗免疫后的抗体反应与对照组没有明显差别,但ALV-J与REV的共感染可明显延缓鸡对IBDV弱毒疫苗免疫的抗体反应.     

新型鸡传染性法氏囊病灭活疫苗(HQ株)对黄羽肉鸡免疫效果的观察

采用在DF1细胞上增殖的高滴度鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)病毒制备油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫黄羽肉鸡种鸡和雏鸡,以探讨IBD灭活疫苗(HQ株)对黄羽肉鸡的免疫效果。种鸡免疫试验结果显示:种母鸡体内产生高水平鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)血清中和抗体,免疫30 d后血清中和抗体均值可达18.5 log2,免疫150 d后血清中和抗体均值仍维持在16.0 log2;高水平的种鸡抗体能使子代获得高水平的母源抗体,使子代在出生后3周内能有效抵御IBDV强毒攻击。雏鸡免疫试验结果显示,无论是高母源抗体雏鸡或低母源抗体雏鸡均可在免后3周产生12.0 log2的中和抗体并持续上升,可在2个月内抵抗IBDV强毒的攻击。提示IBD灭活疫苗(HQ株)可用于出壳雏鸡的主动免疫。     

一例鸡传染性贫血与大肠杆菌病并发的诊治

鸡传染性贫血(chickeninfectiousanemia,CIA)是由圆环病毒属的鸡传染性贫血病毒(chickeninfectiousanemiavirus,CIAV)引起的一种以雏鸡骨髓脂肪变性引发的再生障碍性贫血和胸腺等淋巴组织萎缩为主要特征的传染病,是鸡主要的免疫抑制病之一。CIAV在鸡群中广泛存在,可经水平传播和垂直传播,且病毒通过种鸡卵巢或精液传给子代是造成雏鸡暴发该病的主要原因。种鸡开产前不久或产蛋初期感染CIA,会有3~6周左右的垂直传播,种鸡本身生产性能没有明显影响,但其子代缺乏母源抗体,易感染该病毒并继发细菌感染。本文介绍了一例鸡传染性贫血病毒和大肠杆菌混合感染的诊治。     

禽脑脊髓炎活疫苗免疫持续期试验

将200009批疫苗分三个剂量组（Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ），病毒含量分别为每羽份合500、1000、1500EID50，口服免疫13周龄SPF鸡，同时设进口同类疫苗组（Ⅳ）和未接种空白组（Ⅴ）作为对照。，分别于免疫后7d、14d、17d、21d、28d、42d、56d、70d、84d、105d、126d、149d、169dR血，分离血清，采用IDEXX禽脑脊髓炎抗体检测ELISA试剂盒检测血清中AEV抗体水平，并通过鸡胚易感试验和后代雏鸡试验评价产蛋后鸡群的免疫状态。结果表明，疫苗接种后14d，免疫鸡血清已全部阳转，免后42d时抗体出现第一个峰值，此后一直保持较高水平，并且抗体水平的高低与接种疫苗的病毒含量呈正相关关系。用AEVVR强毒进行的鸡胚易感试验，免后6～55周免疫组鸡胚的感染率在35％以下；后代雏鸡攻毒保护率在92．9％以上。     

Effect of breeder vaccination on immunization of progeny against Newcastle disease

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of breeder vaccination program and maternal antibody on the efficacy of Newcastle disease immunization of 1-day-old chicks. Experimental protocol was the same for both. In the first experiment, broilers were from breeders that were 32 weeks old, and in the second experiment, broilers were from breeders 50 weeks old. Breeders received three live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines and either a killed vaccine at 18 weeks or continual live boosting at 60-to-70-day intervals through lay. Broilers were vaccinated at 1 day of age with a commercial coarse-spray machine; they were bled, sera were examined for antibody against NDV, and broilers were challenged with virulent NDV at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age. In the first experiment, maternal antibody was higher in chicks from the younger breeders given the inactivated vaccine, and in the second experiment maternal antibody was higher in chicks from older breeders given continual live vaccines. Higher antibody in 1-day-old broilers resulted in fewer vaccine-induced reactions, less vaccine virus shed, and decreased duration of vaccine-induced immunity from coarse-spray vaccination.     

CAV与REV共感染SPF鸡对疫苗免疫反应的抑制作用

用1日龄SPF鸡人工感染鸡贫血病毒(CAV)和禽网状内皮增生病病毒(REV),探讨病毒感染对鸡体疫苗免疫反应的影响。结果表明,在用禽流感病毒(AIV,H5和H9)疫苗免疫后,CAV与REV单独感染均显著抑制了鸡体对H5和H9亚型禽流感病毒灭活疫苗的HI抗体反应,在CAV与REV共感染后,这种抑制作用更为明显。CAV单独感染后鸡体对新城疫病毒(NDV)和传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)疫苗的免疫反应受到抑制,但与对照组在统计学上的差异不显著,然而,CAV可以显著加重REV感染对鸡体在NDV和IBDV疫苗免疫后抗体反应的抑制作用。从而证实CAV与REV共感染在疫苗免疫抑制上有协同作用。     

基于新城疫病毒V蛋白鉴别鸡群感染与免疫的间接ELISA方法的建立

本研究以新城疫病毒(NDV)V蛋白羧基端结构域(Vc)的重组蛋白为包被抗原,建立了用于检测NDV V蛋白抗体的间接ELISA方法,并采用该方法检测了鸡群免疫或接毒后血清中的V蛋白抗体水平。结果显示:两组不同NDV灭活疫苗组在免疫后的3周内检测结果均为阴性;两组灭活疫苗免疫3周后再人工感染NDV强毒的鸡群,攻毒后第7、14和21 d,NDV阳性率分别为60%、80%、70%和50%、80%、70%;两组不同的NDV弱毒疫苗免疫组鸡群,仅在免疫后第21 d阳性率分别为20%和10%。以上结果表明,NDV疫苗免疫组与强毒感染组的V蛋白抗体阳性率存在明显差异,本方法可在群体水平上区分新城疫疫苗免疫与强毒感染鸡群,为NDV血清学诊断和流行病学调查提供了一种新的检测手段。     

Immunogenicity and efficacy of fowlpox-vectored and inactivated avian influenza vaccines alone or in a prime-boost schedule in chickens with maternal antibodies

Inactivated and fowlpox virus (FP)-vectored vaccines have been used to control H5 avian influenza (AI) in poultry. In H5 AI endemic countries, breeder flocks are vaccinated and therefore, maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) are transferred to their progeny. Results of three immunogenicity and one efficacy studies performed in birds with or without MDA indicated that the immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine based on a H5N9 AI isolate (inH5N9) was severely impaired in chicks hatched from inH5N9-vaccinated breeders. This MDA interference was lower when breeders received only one administration of the same vaccine and could be overcome by priming the chicks at day-of-age with a live recombinant FP-vectored vaccine with H5 avian influenza gene insert (FP-AI). The interference of anti-FP MDA was of lower intensity than the interference of anti-AI MDA. The highest interference observed on the prime-boost immunogenicity was in chicks hatched from breeders vaccinated with the same prime-boost scheme. The level of protection against an antigenic variant H5N1 highly pathogenic AI isolate from Indonesia against which the FP-AI or inH5N9 alone was poorly protective could be circumvented by the prime-boost regimen in birds with either FP or AI MDA. Thus, the immunogenicity of vaccines in young chicks with MDA depends on the vaccination scheme and the type of vaccine used in their parent flocks. The heterologous prime-boost in birds with MDA may at least partially overcome MDA interference on inactivated vaccine.     

鸡新城疫病毒分离株与La Sota株灭活疫苗效力比较试验

用NDV分离株及La Sota株为抗源液，经福尔马林灭活后，与油佐剂混合，分别制成分离株灭活苗、La Sota株灭活苗及分离株与La Sota株二价灭活苗。将这三种灭活疫苗分别免疫SPF鸡后，均获得100%抵抗NDV分离株及F48株强毒攻击的保护力；而用这3种灭活苗与La Sota活苗单独或联合使用，免疫带有ND母源抗体的普通鸡后，3种灭活苗的免疫效力不同，分离株灭活苗与价灭活苗对NDV分离株攻击的免疫保护效力明显优于La Sota灭活苗；灭活苗与活苗同时使用，其免疫效力明显优于单独使用灭活苗或活苗。     

鸡新城疫（ND）各种免疫程序的测定

本试验进行了三批鸡的免疫研究。第一批试验检测不同类型新城疫疫苗在不同母源抗体水平（高和低）的鸡体上的免疫效果。结果显示,在高母源抗体时免疫,Ｖ４组和油乳剂灭活苗级抗体水平表现较低,而在低母源抗体时免疫,几种疫苗的抗体水平上升得很快,特别Ｌａｓｏｔａ－克隆３０组最明显,而油乳剂灭活苗组的抗体水平保持最长。根据此结果而制定了不同的免疫程序,进行了第二、第三批免疫试验,并分别在４５天龄及７０天龄时进行强     

Will the effectiveness of the immunization of chicks with live Salmonella vaccines be affected by maternal antibodies?

In the progeny of breeder birds which had been vaccinated with live Salmonella Typhimurium and inactivated Salmonella Enteritidis vaccines, the caecal and systemic colonisation by a live Salmonella Enteritidis and a live Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine was studied. The efficacy of the oral immunisation of chicks from vaccinated and non-vaccinated breeders with a live Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine on day 1 of age was studied by an experimental challenge with Salmonella Enteritidis on day 30 of age. Antibody production of isotypes IgG, IgA and IgM was determined in sera and jejunum of the birds. Vaccination of parent birds resulted in an increase of the antibody concentration in sera and jejunum of the chicks. Own antibody production after administration of the live Salmonella vaccine to the day-old chicks was not detected until day 21 of life. Compared to controls, the number of vaccine organisms in the caeca of the progeny of vaccinated breeder birds was reduced by 0.5-1.5 log10 units. The reduction of the Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine was more pronounced than that of the Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine. However, the reduced colonisation by the live Salmonella vaccine strain did not impair the efficacy of the immunisation of the chicks. To ensure efficacy of the active oral immunisation of chicks from vaccinated parent birds with attenuated live Salmonella vaccines also in case where amounts of maternally transferred antibodies are even higher, it should be guaranteed that chicks take in via drinking water the recommended dose of the vaccine strain. In this connection, factors like the low intake of drinking water by very young chicks, the concentration of the vaccine organisms in the water and the survival of the vaccine should also be considered.     

不同来源禽网状内皮增生病病毒株的致病性比较

本研究旨在探讨不同来源的禽网状内皮增生病病毒(REV)对1日龄SPF鸡的致病性.用包括分子克隆化病毒REV-C99在内的不同来源的6个REV株人工感染1日龄SPF鸡,以禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H9-AIV、H5-AIV)与新城疫病毒灭活疫苗(NDV)免疫后HI抗体滴度的测定结果为指标,比较不同REV株的致病性.结果表明,分别用3000TCID_(50)·只~(-1)的剂量人工感染1日龄SPF鸡,6个REV感染组与对照组相比,H9-AIV、H5-AIV与NDV免疫后4、5与6周的HI抗体水平均极显著降低(P<0.01).但6个REV感染组之间差异不显著(P>0.05).研究结果显示,不同来源REV株感染1日龄SPF鸡后均造成生长迟缓,并对体液免疫反应有明显的抑制作用,同时,这也揭示出REV感染可能是免疫失败的重要原因之一.     

A comparison of three different regimens of infectious bursal disease vaccination in chickens

Five days old progeny chicks from breeders which have received primary and booster doses of live infectious bursal disease vaccine, demonstrated precipitating antibodies unlike progenies from single dose vaccinated breeders. All chicks from the two different groups of breeders were however seronegative at 22 days of age, despite vaccination at 7 or 14 days of age. Post vaccination seroconversion was first noticeable at 32 days in the group of chicks vaccinated at 7 days. Post challenge mortalities was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) and organ lesions very significantly minimized (P less than 0.01) in 7 day old vaccinated group than in 14 or 28 days old vaccinated chicks. These results showed that early (7 days) IBD Vaccination was superior to vaccination at 14 or 28 days, in terms of antibody response and protectivity against mortalities and bursal lesions.