SPF级BALB/cC57BL/6小鼠繁殖性能及生长发育的比较研究

为提高SPF级实验动物的质量,选择10周龄BALB/c C57BL/6小鼠各50只（雌雄各半）,采取雌雄1？1近亲交配繁殖,并统计其生长发育和繁殖性能指标。BALB/c小鼠1～3周龄的平均窝重及离乳后的体重增长明显大于C57BL/6小鼠（p〈0.01）。第1胎交配分娩间隔,第1和第3胎离乳育成率品系间差异均有显著性（P〈0.05及P〈0.01）。BALB/c小鼠的体格比C57BL/6小鼠大,带乳能力比C57BL/6小鼠强但产仔能力比C57BL/6小鼠弱。     

肠道病毒71型感染C57BL/6小鼠模型的初步建立

以1日龄C57BL/6乳鼠作为试验对象,分别通过颅内和腹腔注射肠道病毒71型(EV71)福建株感染,观察记录小鼠体重和体征,定期采集小鼠大脑、小肠、肺、肌肉4种组织,分析病毒载量,通过HE染色和免疫组化观察各种组织病理变化。结果:2种感染途径的C57BL/6乳鼠均于不同时间出现竖毛、弓背和消瘦症状。经腹腔注射感染的乳鼠能在肌肉组织中检测到病毒RNA,经颅内注射感染的乳鼠可在肌肉和肺组织中检测到病毒RNA。病理学及免疫组化结果显示:EV71福建株在骨骼肌中大量增殖,并可导致肌肉组织水肿和坏死、肺组织水肿充血以及神经元坏死等多种组织器官炎症反应。综上,初步建立通过颅内和腹腔注射感染EV71的C57BL/6乳鼠模型,为研究EV71病毒感染机制、建立更优的动物模型提供参考。     

C57BL/6J等近交系小鼠精子冷冻研究进展

小鼠精子冷冻方法虽成功建立多年,但C57BL/6J等近交系小鼠的精子在冻融后的成活率和受精率远远低于封闭群和杂交小鼠的精子。C57BL/6J等近交系小鼠的精子冷冻方法已成为当前大量增加转基因小鼠保种的一个瓶颈,同时成为国内、外近来研究的热点。本文系统介绍了近年国外为改进C57BL/6J等近交系小鼠精子冷冻保存所的做努力和探索。研究包括:各种冷冻保存方法;新培养基的改良;各种冷冻试剂组合;冷冻对小鼠精子质膜伤害机理的研究及其保护方法;以及提高冻融后精子获能和提高授精能力等领域。     

3种SPF级小鼠生长曲线及主要脏器重量的测定

为了测定兰州大学实验动物中心饲养的SPF级Balb/c、C57BL/6和DBA/2小鼠的生长曲线及其主要脏器重量、系数,试验采用随机挑选70-80日龄的Balb/c、C57BL/6和DBA/2小鼠各36只按1:1近亲交配的方式进行繁殖,统计其子代的生长发育和主要脏器指标的方法.结果表明:从3周龄离乳到10周龄Balb/...     

C57BL/6J小鼠促性腺激素注射时间对诱导超排卵的影响

目的:确定4周龄C57BL/6J小鼠注射促性腺激素的最佳间隔时间,提高超排效果,从而优化C57BL/6J近交系作为供体鼠的生物净化体系。方法:70只4周龄的C57BL/6J雌鼠随机分为5组,腹腔注射10IU的PMSG,10IU的h CG注射间隔时间分别为47h,47.5h,48h,48.5h,49h,比较超排的卵母细胞数和受精率等数据。结果:第1组与第5组的卵母细胞数有极显著差异,其他数据差异不显著。结论:4周龄C57BL/6J小鼠对PMSG应答产生的内源性黄体生成素(LH)释放量不足以引起排卵,因而h CG注射时间无需严格控制在注射PMSG后46~48h内。     

心房钠尿肽基因敲除小鼠的鉴定

研究心房钠尿肽基因敲除小鼠(ANP-/-小鼠)的生物学及病理学特性。ANP-/-小鼠与C57BL/6小鼠饲养于SPF级环境中,观察小鼠的繁育状况及其生物学特性,选取合适时间处死小鼠,通过HE染色观察脏器形态及组织结构。ANP-/-小鼠的繁殖周期比C57BL/6长,产仔率较低;ANP-/-小鼠肝脏、肺脏、脾脏较C57BL/6小鼠的有明显炎症反应,但是C57BL/6小鼠未见明显的病理改变。提示ANP基因的缺失可能与炎症发生有关。说明ANP-/-小鼠繁殖较慢、产仔率低,且正常繁殖的普通小鼠不会引起器官的病理学改变。但作为一种在心血管、代谢疾病上的动物模型,并与炎症甚至肿瘤有可能的未知联系的转基因动物,其很有研究和探索价值。     

转基因小鼠IL-4T与C57BL/6J小鼠生长繁育状况的比较

转基因小鼠IL-4T和C57BL/6J小鼠都为近交系小鼠。IL-4T小鼠是白介素4缺损小鼠,其体内B细胞和T细胞数量正常,但血清IgG1和IgE的浓度大幅降低,它是由C57BL/6J小鼠基因剔除而来。转基因小鼠在生命科学及医学研究领域有着巨大的市场潜力。现将它们在同样饲养环境下的繁殖性能和生长发育进行比较观察。1材料和方法1.1实验动物:转基因小鼠IL-4T和C57BL/6J小鼠由本公司提供,各45对。1.2饲养环境:动物饲养在SPF屏障环境内,温度:22±1℃,相对湿度:40%~60%,明暗交替:12h∶12h。1.3饲养管理:动物饲喂由本公司生产的高压全价颗粒饲料,饲料、…     

SPRN转基因小鼠脏器质量和动物行为学的比较分析

采用统计学计算Tg(Mosprn-B)/C57BL/6转基因小鼠与C57BL/6野生型小鼠雌雄两性的主要脏器质量与系数,并利用水迷宫观察游泳路径及时间以探讨SPRN基因对小鼠生理结构、生长发育等影响。结果表明,相同年龄的Tg(Mosprn-B)/C57BL/6转基因小鼠,雄性的体质量及心、肺、肝、肾质量显著大于雌性(P<0.01),脑质量差异比较显著(P<0.05);比较脏器系数,脑和肝的差异比较显著(P<0.05)。与C57BL/6野生型小鼠相比较,Tg(Mosprn-B)/C57BL/6转基因小鼠脑更重(P<0.01);比较脏器系数发现,脑差异极显著(P<0.01),肺、肾、脾差异较显著(P<0.05)。水迷宫定位航行结果显示,Tg(Mosprn-B)/C57BL/6转基因小鼠的逃避潜伏期小于野生型小鼠,第4天的潜伏期具有显著差异性(P<0.05);在空间搜索试验中,Tg(Mosprn-B)/C57BL/6转基因小鼠第1次穿越平台时间小于C57BL/6野生型小鼠,穿越平台的次数大于C57BL/6野生型小鼠。     

小鼠生理性脱毛皮肤激素的检测与分析

以C57BL6小鼠作为动物模型,研究小鼠皮肤各种激素水平与生理性脱毛之间的联系。方法:取处于不同生长期的C57BL6小鼠,对其皮肤提取总蛋白,用γ计数仪进行放射免疫检测各种激素(主要有雄性激素、甲状旁腺激素)水平,比较不同生长期的小鼠皮肤激素水平表达差异;利用免疫组织化学的方法对可能影响生理性脱发的主要激素进行定位,进一步确定其与生理性脱发的关系。     

人c-myc乳腺定位表达转基因小鼠的建立

以含有 1.6 kb的小鼠乳清酸蛋白 (WAP)上游调序列的 p CAT- WAP和含有人 c- myc c DNA的 p WM为原始质粒 ,构建了 WAP启动子调控下的 c- myc乳腺定位表达载体 p WCS。载体用 Bgl Bam H 酶切 ,回收 3.5 kb的基因片段 WAP- c- myc- SV40 Poly A,通过显微注射方法导入 C5 7BL/ 6 J× DBA/ 2 JF1 代小鼠受精卵的雄原核内。共注射10 0 0枚卵 ,将存活的约 6 0 0枚卵分别移植至 2 9只假孕母鼠输卵管内 ,获得仔鼠 45只。PCR检测 ,阳性鼠 9只 ,South-ern blot检测 ,阳性鼠 3只 ,其中 1只母鼠 ,2只公鼠 ,在饲养过程中 ,1只母鼠意外死亡。对 2只转基因公鼠的 F1代PCR检测表明 ,仅 1只公鼠具有遗传性 ,在所生的 2 7只 F1代小鼠中有 13只为 PCR阳性。     

对C57BL／6小鼠超排效果的研究

本文以近交系C57BL／6小鼠为实验对象．研究注射不同剂量的PMSG和hCG对小鼠超排效果的影响。取C57BL／6小鼠各30只,按照注射剂量不同分为A、B、C三组,每组10只,A组注射PMSG2．5IU,HCG2．5IU,B组注射PMSG5．0IU,HCG5．0IU,C组注射PMSG7．5IU,HCG7．5IU。每只小鼠腹腔注射PMSG,间隔48h后分别注射HCG进行超数排卵,再与性成熟同系公鼠合笼,次日早上检查阴道栓．有栓雌鼠用颈椎脱臼法处死。在实体显微镜下由输卵管膨大部冲卵．收集卵母细胞置于盛有M2培养液的表面皿中检查计数．分析超排效果。结果表明。C57BU6小鼠B组的平均取卵数极显著高于A组的平均取卵数（P〈0．05）;B组的平均取卵数显著高于C组的平均取卵数（P〈0．05）;C组与A组的平均取卵数差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

An immunohistochemical study of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the C57BL/6 mice

The regional distributions and relative frequencies of some gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the eight portions (fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) of the gastrointestinal tract of C57BL/6 mouse was studied with immunohistochemical method using seven types of specific anti-sera against chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin, somatostatin, human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP), glucagon, gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK)-8. In this study, all these seven types of immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified. Most of these IR cells in the intestinal portion were generally spherical or spindle in shape (open-type cell) while cells showing round in shape (closed-type cell) were found in the intestinal gland and stomach regions occasionally. Their relative frequencies were varied according to each portion of gastrointestinal tract. CGA-IR cells were demonstrated throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract and they showed most predominant in the pylorus and duodenum. Serotonin-IR cells were detected throughout whole gastrointestinal tract and they showed highest frequency in the stomach and colon. Somatostatin-IR cells were demonstrated throughout whole gastrointestinal tract except for large intestine and showed highest frequency in the fundus. HPP-IR cells were found in the fundus with rare frequency. Peculiarly, glucagon-IR cells were restricted to the fundus, ileum and colon with a few frequencies. Gastrin-IR cells were restricted to the pylorus with numerous frequency and CCK-8-IR cells were observed in the pylorus, duodenum and jejunum with numerous and/or a few frequencies, respectively. In conclusion, some peculiar distributional patterns of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were found in C57BL/6 mouse.     

Auricular chondritis caused by metal ear tagging in C57BL/6 mice

Although it has been shown that auricular chondritis in rats is caused by the use of metal identification ear tags, the pathogenesis remains unclear. Based on the hypothesis that the auricular chondritis is caused by metal ions released from metal identification ear tags, we investigated the pathogenesis in male C57BL/6 mice tagged with metal identification ear tags. Twenty-six weeks after the attachment of the ear tags, visible increases in the thickness of the auricle were observed, and the concentrations of copper and iron in the tagged ears were significantly increased (P < .05) in the tagged ears compared with the untagged ears. There was up-regulation of metallothionein (MT)-I and MT-II mRNA in the tagged ears, and this was confirmed by immunohistologic staining of the destroyed cartilage. Histopathologically, there were observed severe chondritis with extensive granulomatous inflammation, newly formed cartilage nodules, and osseous metaplasia accompanied by cellular infiltrates, such as CD4 T lymphocyte, macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells, and expression of Th1 cytokines, such as interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-2 in the tagged ear. Based on these results, we concluded that the release of copper and iron ions from the metal ear tags played a major role in the onset of auricular chondritis. Subsequent cellular interactions, such as CD4 T cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and mast cells, mediated by cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, caused an autoimmune response that may have led to the progression of auricular chondritis as an autoimmune disease.     

Pathological changes in Streptobacillus moniliformis infection of C57bl/6J mice

An epizootic disease caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis occurred in C57BL/6J mice. Pathological lesions included abscessation of lymph nodes and chronic polyarthritis and osteomyelitis. Histological features of the disease are described. The most important differential diagnosis, infectious ectromelia of mice, is discussed.     

C57BL/6J小鼠亚慢性镉中毒模型的建立

为了建立小鼠亚慢性镉中毒模型,本研究将20只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为4个剂量组和溶剂对照组,每组隔天分别腹腔注射含0.25、0.5、1和2 mg/kg剂量的氯化镉溶液和等量去离子水(溶剂),共染毒4周,观察不同剂量的镉离子对雄性小鼠肝脏、肾脏、睾丸的损伤情况.结果各处理组小鼠体质量增长要比对照组慢,脏器系数与对照组相比也有显著差异,处理组小鼠肝脏、肾脏、睾丸中镉含量显著高于对照组.病理组织切片结果表明,各处理组中小鼠的肝脏、肾脏、睾丸组织均出现不同程度的损伤.氯化镉可以显著地抑制小鼠体质量增长,并对小鼠的脏器系数产生影响,腹腔注射后在肝脏、肾脏、睾丸组织中产生蓄积,并对其造成一定损伤.隔天腹腔注射2 mg/kg剂量的氯化镉,4周可建立较理想的小鼠镉中毒模型.     

Muscle lesions in beige (Chediak-Higashi syndrome) and heterozygous C57BL/6J mice

Muscles from male and female C57BL/6J Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) and phenotypically normal mice with the bgJ allele were studied microscopically and histochemically for the presence of basophilic cytoplasmic structures seen by other investigators in muscles of CHS mice of the SB/Le strain. Triceps brachii, gastrocnemius, quadriceps femoris, and biceps femoris muscles were examined. Multiple basophilic cylindrical lesions were present in hematoxylin and eosin-stained muscle from all groups. Lesions were positive for esterase, Sudan black, and periodic acid-Schiff. Lesions were only seen in type II muscle fibers. Type I muscle cells comprised less than an estimated 5% of the total muscle fibers in the four muscles examined. Scores were assigned based on the presence or absence of lesions in each muscle. Male mice of both phenotypes had significantly more lesions (P less than 0.05) than female mice. When sexes were combined, lesions were significantly (P less than 0.05) more numerous in normal mice than CHS mice for all muscles except the gastrocnemius. Lesions were significantly (P less than 0.05) more numerous in the phenotypically normal male than the CHS male mice for the triceps and quadriceps muscles. There was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) between lesions of phenotypically normal female and female CHS mice. Basophilic cytoplasmic structures did not prove to be a manifestation of the CHS trait.     

Heme oxygenase-1 activity is involved in the control of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the lung of BALB/c and C57BL/6 and in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme that catabolizes free heme, which induces an intense inflammatory response. The expression of HO-1 is induced by different stimuli, triggering an anti-inflammatory response during biological stress. It was previously verified that HO-1 is able to induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that is induced by IFN-γ in Toxoplasma gondii infection. To verify the role of HO-1 during in vivo T. gondii infection, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were infected with the ME49 strain and treated with zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) or hemin, which inhibit or induce HO-1 activity, respectively. The results show that T. gondii infection induced high levels of HO-1 expression in the lung of BALB/c and C57BL6 mice. The animals treated with ZnPPIX presented higher parasitism in the lungs of both lineages of mice, whereas hemin treatment decreased the parasite replication in this organ and in the small intestine of infected C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, C57BL/6 mice infected with T. gondii and treated with hemin showed higher levels of IDO expression in the lungs and small intestine than uninfected mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that HO-1 activity is involved in the control of T. gondii in the lungs of both mouse lineages, whereas the hemin, a HO-1 inducer, seems to be involved in the control of parasitism in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice.     

An epizootic of parainfluenza virus type 1 in a group of C57B16 mice

An epizootic of respiratory troubles was noticed in a group of C57B16 mice used to study their response following inoculations of different thymic extracts. The infection was characterized by a high level of mortalities. Macroscopically, the lungs of affected animals showed red consolidated areas on the lobes. Microscopically, an acute bronchopneumonia with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the epithelial cells of the bronchi were seen. Those lesions suggest a parainfluenza virus type 1 infection.

The presence of viral particles, morphologically similar to members of the Paramyxoviridae family in lung homogenates observed under electron microscopy and the elevated serum complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers to parainfluenza virus type 1 confirm the diagnosis. The source of the infection is unknown but four hypothesis are proposed.

Healthy animals free of demonstrable antibodies specific to parainfluenza virus type 1 were obtained and the experiment was repeated. No mortalities were observed and the animals remained free of demonstrable complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition antibodies throughout the experiment.