草原毛虫引起牦牛口膜炎的防治

<正>草原毛虫(Gynaephora spp.)也叫红头黑毛虫,隶属鳞翅目毒蛾科草毒蛾属,主要发生在海拔3 000～5 000 m的高山草原。青海发生的草原毛虫主要为青海草原毛虫(G.qinghaiensis)、金黄草原毛虫(G.aureata)、门源草原毛虫(G.men yuanensis)。毛     

草原毛虫核型多角体病毒杀虫剂配伍组分筛选

<正> 草原毛虫属[鳞翅目(Lepiolopera)毒蛾科(Lymantriidae)草毒蛾属(Gynaephora)]的昆虫。主要危害川西北牧草,每年损失数千亿公斤。对草原毛虫的防治,过去使用了物理的(挖沟、火烧)、化学的(农药)、生物的(外援细菌)等方法灭虫,取得了不同程度效果,但仍然没有达到有效控制危害目的。生物学家刘世贵的科研组全面总结分析了前人的防治经验后,提出了“综合性利用生物防治”     

草原毛虫核型多角体病毒的首次发现

<正> 茫茫草原寻病毒草原是畜牧业的牧草基地。鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)毒蛾科(Lymantriidae)草毒蛾属(Gynaephora)的草原毛虫,是牧草的严重害虫。该虫与鼠害和寄生虫并称为草原三害。草原毛虫分布很广,仅川西北草原就有1600万亩以上草场遭受危害。为害时间长,通常每年四月越冬幼虫开始出现活动危害,至九月化蛹,为害期长达半年。草原毛虫危害的草类,如莎草     

桑毛虫性信息素研究简报

<正> 桑毛虫是桑树和其它多种林果的食叶害虫,其毒毛还能引起家蚕螫伤症及人体皮炎,对农林生产和人体健康影响很大。为探索新的防治途径,我们于1979年开始,对桑毛虫性信息素作了一些试验,现简报如下: 桑毛虫雌成虫第8～9腹节间有一囊状性腺体,至清晨大量释放性信息素,引诱雄虫前来交配。利用桑毛虫此一特性,每天早晨摘取羽化后尚未交配的雌蛾性腺体,在乙     

试验增温和放牧对门源草原毛虫生长发育的影响

青藏高原是全球气候变暖的敏感区域之一,门源草原毛虫作为青藏高原东北部高寒草甸的主要害虫之一,虫害爆发时造成牧草短缺,引发家畜口膜炎甚至死亡。因此,未来持续增温情况下,门源草原毛虫的表现对当地畜牧业生产安全至关重要。通过野外控制试验,探讨增温(日增温1.2℃/夜增温1.7℃)和放牧对草原毛虫生长发育的影响。结果表明,放牧显著提高了幼虫生长速率和蛹重,雌蛹增重比率约为雄蛹的2倍。增温显著缩短了草原毛虫幼虫期(雌性幼虫4.4 d、雄性幼虫7.0 d)和蛹期(雌蛹3.6 d、雄蛹4.6 d),而且引发雄性先熟,即雄成虫羽化时间较雌成虫早5.0 d。增温放牧处理下,草原毛虫的生长速率提高9%、雌蛹增重26%。可见,未来持续增温的高寒草甸牧场,门源草原毛虫适合度升高,对当地草场和家畜的威胁加大,需加强害虫的监控和防治力度。     

青海草原毛虫核型多角体病毒的初步研究

1987年从青海省海北州草地上罹病死亡青海草原毛虫(Gynaephora qing haien sis Chouet Ying)幼虫分离获得草原毛虫核型多角体病毒(GqNPV)。多角体(PIB)近圆形、菱形、三角形或六角形,大小约0.26—0.294βm。试验结果显示 GqNPV 对草原毛虫有较强的毒力。其杀虫效果达85%,并有后效作用。     

蚕的发生(Ⅲ)——胚胎形成

蚕的雌雄配子形成后,通过交配相互结合成合子,发育形成新的个体,下面就这个过程的有关问题作一介绍.一.交配蚕蛾的交配由雌蛾诱惑腺释放出性信息素(家蚕醇)而引起,雄蛾借助触角上的感觉毛感知性信息素的存在,强弱及方向,去寻找雌蛾并靠近.雌雄蛾接触所带来的触角刺激,成为交尾行为的诱发因子,使两者形成交尾状态而开始交配.     

重要外文学术期刊发表蚕学论文简介

<正>1 Du M F,Liu X G,Liu X M,Yin X M,Han S Y,Song Q S,An S H.Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase is required for PBAN-induced sex pheromone biosynthesis in Bombyx mori.Sci Rep,2015,DOI:10.1038/srep08110题目甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶参与家蚕性信息素的生物合成过程摘要昆虫雌蛾通过释放性信息素吸引雄蛾与之交配。已有研究表明,性信息素的合成和分泌受到性信息     

HPLC法测定兔血浆中吡喹酮的不同前处理方法比较

为了筛选一种合理的吡喹酮(Praziquantel)高效液相色谱分析前处理方法,分别用甲醇、乙酸乙酯、乙醚3种有机溶剂,对相同浓度的吡喹酮血浆样品进行了萃取,并用高效液相色谱法测定其萃取回收率。结果显示:乙酸乙酯和乙醚对吡喹酮的萃取回收率分别在80%和70%左右,甲醇仅为30%左右。结果表明:乙醚和乙酸乙酯可以更好地用于血浆中吡喹酮的萃取。     

雄蛾保护和使用过程中的几点做法

<正>蚕种生产中健康雌蛾产下的卵受精率由交尾率决定,产出率由交尾时间决定,因此雄蛾的交尾能力是保证单蛾产卵量及受精率的关键,雄蛾交配能力不足,就会导致交尾率下降,易散对,不受精卵和遗腹卵增多,造成极大的浪费。以下是我们在雄蛾保护与使用过程中的几点做法。1保护雄蛹是保护雄蛾的基础(1)收茧后如某品种由于健蛹率过低或者其他原因造成雄蛹与对交品种的雌蛹对交比例过大,则要推后该品种的削茧时间,应安     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.