母猪缺乳的原因及防治办法

母猪缺乳是目前养猪生产中经常遇到的难题,由于常和母猪乳房炎、子宫炎同时发生,所以又称无乳综合征(MMA)。有资料研究结果表明,死亡的哺乳仔猪中有50%与母猪MMA有关。此病以夏季多发,其它季节也有发生,初产母猪的发病率高于经产母猪。管理状况不同的猪场发病率存在着较大差异,有的猪场发病率高达50%,有的猪场却很少见到。1 MMA的发病原因1.1应激因素在现代养猪条件下,许多外界不良因素的刺激,可引起母猪的应激反应,如母猪在泌乳期受到惊吓和强烈刺激,就会使母猪的泌乳机能受到抑制。另外猪舍低矮,阳光不足,通风不良,空气污浊,夏热冬冷;…     

母猪无乳综合征（MMA）的防治

母猪无乳综合征(MMA)是母猪子宫炎、乳房炎、无乳综合征的简称,在猪场中经常发生,尤其在炎热的夏秋季节多发,胎龄高的母猪发生率高于青年母猪,母猪一旦发生MMA,则仔猪成活率低,母猪断乳后配种返情率高,屡配不孕导致淘汰等将给猪     

哺乳母猪无乳或缺乳的原因与防治措施

母乳是仔猪出生后15d以内惟一的食物,也是30d内的主要食物。因此,母猪泌乳量的高低与仔猪的成活率、生长发育速度和出栏日龄有着密切的关系。哺乳母猪在整个养猪生产过程中,处于最重要的地位,饲养母猪的目的是要求母猪提供尽可能多的优质断奶仔猪,从而提供最大量的商品肉猪。母猪缺乳或无乳的现象在科技含量较低的农村各个猪场是屡见不鲜,成为制约养猪生产效益的重要因素,加强对哺乳母猪的科学饲养管理,预防母猪无乳或缺乳的发生,对提高养猪经济效益有着十分重要的意义。1哺乳母猪无乳或缺乳的原因1.1初配年龄配种过早,初产母猪的乳腺发育未…     

母猪无乳综合征的病因、临床症状与防治方法

母猪无乳综合征也叫做乳房炎-子宫炎-无乳综合征(MMA)或者泌乳失败等,是养猪生产中一种常见疾病,一般在夏季易发,有时也可在其他季节发生。各个猪场因管理状况不同导致发病率有明显差异,某些发病率可达到50%左右,某些基本不会发生。病猪主要症状是精神萎靡,食欲减退,泌乳产生或者完全停止,拒绝哺乳仔猪,使其因饥饿感到烦躁不安,体况虚弱、消瘦,甚至发生死亡,对仔猪的断奶窝重和断奶成活率产生明显影响。     

母猪缺乳原因及防治对策

哺乳仔猪的营养来源95%以上依赖母乳,所以,母乳的多少可以左右仔猪的发育。母猪缺乳可造成仔猪发育不良、自主免疫力差、仔猪发病率高、仔猪育成率差等现象。1缺乳原因1.1产后综合征(MMA)从母猪破羊水分娩开始到分娩后72h,产道全开,最容易感染细菌,母猪容易发生乳房炎、子宫炎、无乳综合征等疾病。此时也是哺乳最关键的时期。     

提高母猪泌乳量的技术措施

在养猪饲养管理过程中,母猪的饲养管理技术对仔猪的生长发育起到至关重要的作用,而哺乳母猪是母猪生产的重要环节,如何加强母猪饲养管理,提高母猪的泌乳量对提高仔猪成活率非常重要,在实际养猪过程中经常会遇到母猪生后乳少或无乳现象,直接影响到仔猪的成活和增重,下面就哺乳母猪如何提高其产奶性能与各位同行探讨一下。     

母猪无乳综合征的中西兽医防治措施

母猪无乳综合征，又称泌乳失败或乳房炎—子宫炎—无乳综合征(MMA)等，是养猪生产中的常见疾病。临床主要特征是精神沉郁，食欲不振，少乳或无乳，拒绝哺乳；仔猪由于饥饿，烦躁不安，消瘦虚弱，有的衰弱死亡，严重影响了仔猪的断奶成活率和断奶窝重。临沂师范学院农林学院实习猪场对该病采用中西兽医结合的防治方法，取得了良好的效果。现将防治体会总结如下。     

母猪无乳症的病因分析

<正>母猪无乳综合征也叫泌乳失败,产褥热,毒血症性无乳症;一般都称乳房炎-子宫炎-无乳综合征简称MMA综合征。其主要临床特征是母猪厌食,精神萎靡,乳房肿硬,疼痛或萎缩、干瘪,乳房泌乳不足或无乳,不让仔猪吮乳。有资料研究表明,哺乳仔猪死亡中的50%是与母猪MMA综合征有关,所以在规模化猪场只有搞好本场母猪MMA综合征的防治,才是提高哺乳仔猪成活率的关键由于病原微生物造成有机体全身感染或子宫、乳房继发细菌引起炎症而影响泌乳。另外就是对妊娠、泌乳母猪饲养管理不当,饲养环境恶劣,饲喂方法不妥造成母猪过肥或过瘦;兽医防疫不力;饲喂劣质、发霉饲料,经常变更配方或突然变换饲料;以及母猪胎龄高、体弱,后备母猪早配、早产等因素都会引起母猪MMA综合征。     

规模猪场经产母猪产后无乳综合征的防治措施

母猪产后缺乳常和母猪乳房炎、子宫炎同时发生，因此又称无乳综合症。规模猪场哺乳仔猪死亡之中的50%是与母猪无乳综合症有关，该病多发生在夏初，尤其是五六月份，临床上多见，如不及时采取有效的措施，将会给养猪生产造成很大的损失。     

母猪MMA的防治

母猪MMA（子宫炎、乳房炎、无乳综合征）在猪场中普遍发生，在第3季度时发生的几率最大。通常经产母猪发生的概率为12％～18％，初产母猪发生的概率为25％～45％，胎龄高的母猪发生率比青年母猪高得多。母猪一旦发生MMA将会给猪场带来较大的经济损失，如母猪返情率高、屡配不孕遭淘汰，仔猪成活率低且生长慢等。     

Milk Production in Sows after Spontaneous Delivery and after Delivery Induced by PGF2α Analogs

In this study the amount of milk produced during the first week of lactation was compared in sows with induced parturition and sows which delivered spontaneously (with special attention to sows showing MMA symptoms). Fifteen sows (L X LW) were used from a pig farm in which MMA was seen in 20 to 25% of all farrowings. The animals were divided into three groups of 5 each. Group A and B were treated with two different PGF ₂ α analogs (2 mg of alfaprostol or 0.45 mg of tiaprost) on 111 day of pregnancy, and group C (control) with 2 ml of saline solution. Treatment with PGF analogs induced parturitions 24 to 30 h later, controls delivered spontaneously on day 114. Litters were equalized to nine piglets per sow. The milk yield of each sow was calculate using the method of weighing piglets before and after each suckling. Piglets were allowed to suckle 12 times in the first 24 h after parturition, then 8 or 9 times in the next 24 h and from 48 h onwards 8 times during 24 h, until the end of the 7 day observation period. During the first day after parturition the control group appeared to produce slightly more milk than groups A and B whereas from 24 to 48 h, milk yields decreased in all animals. From 48 onwards milk production increased in all groups. Between 72–96 h, two sows of the control group showed symptoms of MMA and their piglets developed diarrhea. Microbiological analysis confirmed the presence of haemolytic Streptococci. The lactation curves of treated and untreated sows with no signs of MMA were very similar; the pattern was more erratic in sows with MMA. The total milk yields during the first week of lactation did not differ between groups; there were no significative difference in the weight gain of the piglets in groups A, B and C. The difference recorded in milk yield and release patterns between sows with or without MMA opens new aspects with regard to the aetiology of a syndrome that not only involves the sows health, but produces intestinals disease in their piglets.     

浅析现代猪场不同猪群的饲养管理技术

对现代养猪场来说,后备母猪的健康水平是提高母猪生产力和使用寿命的保证;妊娠母猪的健康水平则直接关系到所产仔猪的健康水平和发育情况;哺乳母猪摄入的营养不仅要维持自身的生产需要还要满足哺育仔猪的需要;仔猪是现代养猪生产的基础,很大程度上关系到规模养殖场的经济效益。通过分析现代规模化养猪场特点,指出后备母猪、妊娠母猪、哺乳母猪、仔猪等的饲养管理侧重点,为现代化养猪场的生产、管理工作提供参考。     

猪细小病毒病流行的调查与防疫研究

笔者对安徽省宣城市不同地理环境的6个市(县)共21个集约化养猪场的1 520头妊娠母猪,进行了猪细小病毒病流行的调查研究.其中,发生繁殖障碍综合征的猪671头,占44.1%.1 520头妊娠母猪中,共产仔7 799头,其中,死仔猪1 530头,占产仔总数的19.6%.在671头繁殖障碍综合征的妊娠母猪中,共抽样207头份血清进行猪细小病毒(PPV)、衣原体(Cp)、布鲁氏杆菌(Br)及乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)的血清学检查.其中,猪细小病毒抗体阳性反应高达79.8%.研究结果表明,该市繁殖障碍综合征的主要原因是猪细小病毒感染.因此,应将防制繁殖障碍综合征的主要对象从布鲁氏杆菌病转移到猪细小病毒病,并建立猪群中定期血清抗体监测制度,加强猪细小病毒病的流行防疫工作.     

规模化种猪场猪瘟免疫情况调研

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的一种以高热、出血为主要特征的烈性、高度接触性传染病,至今仍在中国广泛流行。接种疫苗是防控该病发生的最根本的方法,为了查清山西省规模化种猪场猪瘟疫苗免疫情况,课题组采用ELISA试剂盒,对8个地市42个规模化种猪场465头哺乳猪、456头保育猪、436头育肥猪、419头母猪进行了猪瘟免疫抗体检测。查明了哺乳猪抗体阳性率平均为70.11%,保育猪抗体阳性率平均为40.57%,育肥猪抗体阳性率平均为50.22%,母猪抗体阳性率平均为69.69%,证明被检猪群免疫抗体不理想,尤其是保育猪抗体水平较低。同时对12个规模化种猪场,4类不同免疫方法免疫猪瘟疫苗的133头哺乳猪、110头保育猪、105头育肥猪、135头母猪进行了免疫抗体检测。结果表明:乳猪在吃奶前超免猪瘟高效细胞苗6头份,21日龄时二免猪瘟高效细胞苗4头份,60日龄三免猪瘟高效细胞苗2头份,母猪产后21 d跟胎免疫效果最好,使保育猪免疫抗体阳性率达到89.29%,有些猪场使用该方法免疫后,使保育猪的死亡率有了明显的降低,生长发育逐渐走向正常;而采用仔猪在断奶后28日龄至35日龄时首免猪瘟普通细胞苗4头份,60日龄二免猪瘟普通细胞苗2头份,母猪产后28 d跟胎免疫的方法效果最差,不宜推广应用。通过对山西一些规模化种猪场猪瘟免疫情况的调研,基本查清了规模化种猪场猪瘟免疫效果和最佳免疫方法,可为养猪场防控猪瘟提供依据。     

饲养方式影响母猪母性行为的研究进展

哺乳动物的母性行为主要包括做窝行为、哺乳行为、护仔和抚育行为。在畜牧生产中,母性行为的好坏会影响母猪对仔猪的哺育和母仔之间的交流,对母猪的生理、心理健康和仔猪的生长发育都有直接影响,进而影响猪场的生产成绩和经济效益。随着现代集约化养猪的兴起,养猪业发展迅速,经济效益得到了提高。但是,现代集约化饲养对于母猪表达其母性行为,以及仔猪学习如何正常表达行为产生了诸多限制因素。综述了现代集约化饲养和开放式饲养模式对母猪母性行为的影响,以及给养猪生产带来的影响。     

ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响

长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC PUFAs)在母猪营养中的作用经常被人们研究,因为猪场的盈利能力主要取决于母猪的繁殖性能。根据以往的研究结果,母猪妊娠期喂食ω-3 LC PUFAs可以减少前列腺素的合成,提高胚胎存活率和仔猪初生重;哺乳期饲喂ω-3 LC PUFAs可以提高乳汁中EPA和DHA含量,改善哺乳仔猪肠道健康和断奶重。文章论述了LC PUFAs(主要是ω-3)对现代高产母猪繁殖性能的影响,为在生产实践中合理添加应用LC PUFAs,提高母猪生产性能提供理论参考。     

Prevalence of infection with porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in an integrated swine production system experiencing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of infection with porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) through a longitudinal study in an integrated swine production system (7 farms) experiencing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Risk factors for PCV-2 infection and for PCV-2 and PRRSV coinfection were also evaluated. Fifteen sows from each herd and 4 non-cross-fostered piglets from each sow were randomly selected at farrowing and ear-tagged at birth. Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies to PCV-2 and for detection of the PCV-2 and PRRSV genomes. Statistical analyses involved 2 approaches. The 1st approach characterized the dynamics of PCV-2 infection and their relationship with PRRSV infection. The 2nd approach analyzed the probability of being infected by PCV-2 or by both PCV-2 and PRRSV through a generalized linear mixed model incorporating sow and farm characteristics. At the 1st sampling time (1 wk of age), there was a significant relationship between sow PCV-2 infection and piglet PCV-2 infection (P < 0.0001). The risk of PCV-2 and PRRSV coinfection was 1.85 times greater in piglets from a sow with low titers of PCV-2 antibodies than in piglets from sows with medium to high titers (P = 0.03) and was 2.54, 2.40, and 2.02 times greater, respectively, in piglets from primiparous sows, PCV-2-infected sows, and farms in an area of high pig density than in piglets from sows of higher parity (P = 0.004), noninfected sows (P = 0.04), and farms in a low-density area (P = 0.09).     

猪圆环病毒2型感染的血清学分析

应用间接免疫荧光技术 ,测定了浙江省内 4 4个猪场 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年间的 2 0 39个血清样本 ,对不同地区、年龄和品种猪的血清学数据进行了系统分析。结果显示 ,浙江省 4 4个猪场均有猪圆环病毒 2型 (PCV2 )感染 ,猪场的感染率为 10 0 % ,全省猪的 PCV2感染的平均血清阳性率为 5 8.31% ,其中种猪感染的血清阳性率为 5 9.38% ,断奶后猪感染的血清阳性率为 5 6 .6 5 %。长白种猪感染的血清阳性率为 4 4 .83%、长白仔猪感染的血清阳性率为 6 4 .2 8% ,明显高于大约克和杜洛克种猪和仔猪的感染率。 PCV2感染的血清阳性率高的种猪和仔猪群 ,其 PRRSV和 Pr V的抗体阳性率低。这些结果说明 ,PCV2在猪群中的感染非常普遍 ,不同品种猪对 PCV2的易感性不同 ,PCV2的感染可降低猪群对疫苗的免疫应答     

Sow porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) status effect on litter mortality in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)

Previous studies have described a "litter effect" associated with mortality in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) affected farms. The main objective of this study was to evaluate litter mortality in different PMWS affected farms and to characterize it in relation to three variables of the sow: parity, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infectious status and PCV2 antibody titres. The study was performed in seven farms that experienced PMWS in nurseries and/or fattening areas. Fifteen sows from each farm were randomly selected from the same farrowing batch. Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies to PCV2 and for genomic detection of PCV2. Four piglets from each sow (60 piglets per farm) were selected and ear-tagged at birth. Out of 420 initial piglets, 104 (25%) died. Sixty three of them (60%) were necropsied, and 40 (63%) diagnosed as PMWS based on case definition criteria. Our results show that sow PCV2 viremia was significantly related to piglet mortality since more piglets per litter died from viremic than from non-viremic sows. Additionally, a significantly greater proportion of animals died from sows that had low antibody titres against PCV2 (39% vs. 18% from sows with medium to high antibody titres). The present study, of exploratory nature, confirms previous results and further characterizes the so called "litter effect" by establishing that the sow PCV2 status had a significant effect on litter mortality in PMWS affected farms.     

东营某规模猪场仔猪的初乳管理试验

在现代规模化猪场中,高产母猪每胎所产仔猪数往往超过其有效哺乳头数目,而初乳对于新生仔猪来说又非常重要,仔猪能否及时吃上初乳决定着仔猪能否健康生长,因此做好仔猪的初乳管理尤为重要。文章做了人工灌服初乳和仔猪随机获取初乳的对比试验。试验结果表明进行初乳管理对于提高仔猪的断奶重,降低仔猪死亡率以及增加仔猪体内的抗体等方面都具有实际意义。初乳管理可使所有新生仔猪均可得到足够的初乳,增加仔猪断奶重量,提高仔猪福利水平。