一株鸭致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药分析

对江西省樟树市某鸭养殖场送检的病死鸭进行病理剖检,通过细菌分离、生化鉴定得到1株致病性大肠杆菌。药敏试验结果表明,该菌株对头孢拉定、头孢唑啉、头孢曲松和阿莫西林等β-内酰胺类抗生素产生了严重的耐药。通过质粒提取和接合转移试验对分离菌株进行耐药性分析;提取得到一10 kb左右的质粒;质粒接合转移试验表明,成功将该质粒转化入感受态E.coli JM109,并能使E.coli JM109获得对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药且与分离菌株的耐药谱一致。推测该菌株产β-内酰胺酶的基因存在于质粒,并且该耐药基因能随质粒的转移转化入敏感菌E.coli JM109。     

四川规模化鸡场鸡致病性E.coli血清型、耐药性和质粒图谱的研究

从四川10个规模化鸡场分离的经生化鉴定、动物回归试验获得46株鸡致病性E.coli。对46株鸡致病性E.coli进行了耐药性、血清型鉴定和质粒DNA分析的研究。试验结果表明：鸡致病性大杆菌易产生耐药性，且多为多重耐药；鉴定出36株大肠杆菌的O血清型共16种，占鉴定菌株的78.3%；流行的主要血清为O89、O141、O119、O127和O131，共22株，占定型菌株的61.6%，鸡致病性大肠杆菌血清型多，各地血清型各类差异大；质粒得率为100％，来源相同的菌株有相同或相似的质粒图谱和酶切图谱，来源不同的菌株质粒图谱一般不同，同一血清型可以有不同的质粒图谱。     

规模化猪场大肠杆菌β-内酰胺类药物耐药性检测及其超广谱β-内酰胺酶调查

为阐明我国规模化猪场大肠杆菌(E.coli)对抗菌药物的耐药现状和耐药机制,本研究于2006年2月至2008年12月从19个省市97个规模化猪场分离鉴定602株E.coli,进行了4大类16种抗菌药物耐药性检测和产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株的筛选,采用PCR方法检测了9种常见β-内酰胺酶耐药基因,对产ESLBs菌株进行了脉冲电场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析.结果显示:E.coli分离株对抗菌药物产生了不同程度的耐药性,602株E.coli中共有57株产ESBLs,产ESBLs菌株普遍耐受第二及第三代头孢药物.分别有35株和20株E.coli为blaCTX-M型和blaSHv型ESBLs,尚未发现blaOXA型和blaKPC型.PFGE结果显示,产ESBLs菌株间同源性低,推测我国猪源E.coli产ESBLs多为零星发生或以质粒介导的形式传播.本研究为了解我国猪源E.coli对β-内酰胺类药物的耐药现状和ESBLs变化趋势提供了实验依据.     

致病性大肠杆菌耐药性与其质粒相关性研究

对本地临床分离的20株致病性大肠杆菌进行耐药性检测和质粒检测。耐药性检测结果显示,受检20株致病性大肠杆菌对临床常用5种抗菌药物均表现为耐药,大肠杆菌耐药程度及多重耐药现象较为严重。质粒图谱分析结果表明,在大肠杆菌耐药性菌株中,尤其是耐药程度较高且呈多重耐药的菌株中,耐药质粒的检出率较高。实验结果提示:致病性大肠杆菌耐药性与其耐药质粒存在密切相关。     

拉萨市鸡沙门氏菌耐药质粒研究

由拉萨市养鸡场分离鉴定得到致病性沙门氏菌,采用K-B法,对其耐药性进行检测,并对耐药性较高的4株沙门氏菌进行质粒的提取与检测,采用变温SDS法进行质粒消除试验,分析其耐药菌谱和耐药质粒之间的关系,对耐药基因进行定位。结果表明,3株沙门氏菌菌有耐药质粒的存在,质粒数目为1～4个,大小为1.8～36 kb之间,质粒携带率为75%。质粒消除试验结果表明所检测的3株菌对大部分药物恢复了敏感性。检测质粒介导的耐药基因有AMX、ERY、TET、CIP、NOR、CMP。     

肉鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌中β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药基因的检测

为了解大型肉鸡养殖场致病性大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)对β-内酰胺类抗生素中的头孢菌素类抗生素的耐药性变化,以及β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的携带情况及耐药基因与耐药性的相关性,从陕西省的部分规模化养鸡场的病、死鸡中分离鉴定并保存108株致病性E.coli。采用K-B药敏纸片法检测致病性E.coli分离株对7种β-内酰胺类药物的药敏性,PCR方法检测3种β-内酰胺酶耐药基因,用DNA Star软件对获得的耐药基因序列与GenBank中的相关序列进行比对。结果显示,鸡源致病性E.coli分离株对头孢派酮、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、头孢唑啉、头孢曲松、头孢呋肟、头孢噻吩的耐药率分别为83.3%、18.5%、72.2%、92.6%、88.9%、90.1%和95.7%。三重以上耐药菌株占88.9%。β-内酰胺酶基因tem和ctx-m的检出率分别为98.1%和74.1%,未检测到shv基因。结果表明,快大型肉鸡致病性E.coli对β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药性普遍存在,以多重耐药为主。耐药基因tem和ctx-m的检出率与其耐药性呈正相关。     

江苏省如皋地区母猪子宫内膜炎大肠杆菌的进化分群和耐药特性

为了分析江苏省如皋地区母猪子宫内膜炎大肠杆菌(E.coli)致病性、系统进化分群和耐药情况，本试验于2019—2021年从如皋地区猪场采集疑似患子宫内膜炎母猪的阴道分泌物和脓性分泌物样品204份，采用常规的细菌分离鉴定方法和PCR方法进行E.coli分离鉴定，通过人工感染试验、三重PCR法和K-B药敏纸片法分析其致病性、系统进化分群和耐药性。结果显示，共分离得到108株E.coli,其中87株对小鼠具有致病性，致死率介于40%～100%,87株致病性E.coli中A群有12株(13.8%)、B1群有13株(14.9%)、B2群有32株(36.8%)、D群有30株(34.5%),以B2+D群流行为主(71.3%);87株致病性E.coli对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、链霉素等10种药物耐药率介于51.7%～100%,对其他药物耐药率介于9.2%～28.7%,呈现多重耐药性，以耐10(18.4%)、耐11(16.1%)和耐12(14.9%)种药物菌株为主。结果表明，从该地区分离的87株致母猪子宫内膜炎E.coli以B2+D群流行为主，呈现严重多重耐药性。本试验结果为母猪子宫内膜炎大肠杆菌流行病学调...     

鸡源性沙门氏菌耐药基因检测与耐药相关性分析

为研究沙门氏菌耐药基因与其耐药性之间的关系,本研究以K-B纸片法对临床分离的29株鸡源性沙门氏菌进行10种抗菌药物敏感性测定,应用PCR技术进行这些抗菌药物相关耐药基因检测.并通过质粒接合试验证明了耐药性及耐药基因的转移.结果显示:29株分离株对氨苄西林耐药率为31.0％,对头孢唑啉耐药率为10.3％,对四环素耐药率为44.8％,对复合磺胺耐药率为41.4％,对氯霉素耐药率为3.4％,对环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星的耐药率均为37.9％,但对庆大霉素和卡那霉素均敏感.本实验共检测到8种耐药基因,其中blatem-1阳性率为31.0％,tetA和tetB阳性率为44.8％,sull和sul2阳性率为41.3％,aadAl阳性率为3.4％,dfrA1阳性率为10.3％,qnr阳性率为37.9％,而tetG、blaCMY-2和catI均未检出.此外,通过与非耐药菌接合后绝大部分接合子均获得了供体菌质粒编码的相应抗性表型,耐药基因在接合过程也发生了转移,赋予被接合细菌新的耐药性.以上结果表明沙门氏菌的耐药性与其相关耐药基因的检出率基本一致,而且耐药性通过质粒进行转移.     

水貂源致病性大肠杆菌生物被膜形成能力、耐药性及毒力岛基因检测与分析

为探索水貂肠道致病性大肠杆菌(E.coli)生物被膜(BF)形成能力、耐药性、毒力岛基因分布及其之间可能存在的相关性,本研究对收集的临床分离鉴定的54株致病性E.coli,采用结晶紫染色定量法测定体外BF形成能力,K-B法药敏试验检测对10种常见抗菌药物的敏感性,PCR检测毒力岛代表基因。结果显示,54株E.coli BF形成阳性率为90.7%,以强阳性为主;分离株对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、青霉素和四环素的耐药率分别为100%、97.5%、92.5%和90%,对多黏菌素B的耐药率最低为17.5%,多数菌株呈现多重耐药,其中对6种以上抗菌药物耐药的占92.6%。毒力岛基因irp2和eae阳性率均为7.4%,未检测到SGI基因。这些分离株普遍具有较强BF形成能力,并呈现多重耐药性,BF形成能力与菌株对呋喃妥因、环丙沙星及氟苯尼考的耐药性呈正相关,但未发现和毒力基因分布率存在明显相关性。     

云南多重耐药猪源大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及其耐药机制初步研究

从云南省3个规模化猪场仔猪黄白痢病猪病例分离到7株革兰氏阴性小杆菌,用生理生化鉴定、药敏试验和致病性试验对分离菌株进行鉴定,并提取细菌的质粒,分析质粒与细菌耐药性之间的相关性。结果表明:7株分离株经生理生化试验鉴定为仔猪黄白痢大肠杆菌,对小白鼠有强致病性,分离株对15种抗生素表现为多重耐药,其中14耐1株、13耐2株、11耐2株、8和8耐以下2株,头孢类抗生素是治疗仔猪黄白痢的首选药物,表明云南猪大肠杆菌已经呈现出十分严重的耐药性。质粒图谱分析表明,4株分离株均携带分子量约为5000bp的一个质粒,而另外3株不携带任何质粒。质粒转化实验表明,分离株所携带的质粒为非耐药性质粒,与细菌耐药性无直接相关性。     

Plasmid profiling of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) and other fish species in Japan

In order to evaluate the genetic variability of the causative agent of cold water disease (CWD), plasmid profiling was used to characterize Flavobacterium (F.) psychrophilum isolates (n = 169). Size analysis of plasmids in F. psychrophilum isolates (n = 128) from several fish species demonstrated that six kinds of plasmids were harbored, and ayu isolates had different profiles compared to other isolates. Moreover, multiple isolates (n = 41) from CWD outbreaks in 2002 to 2003 at a single ayu farm were examined to determine differences between isolates from successive outbreaks and showed different profiles by the sources of seedlings.     

河南省鸡源致病性大肠杆菌耐药性的监测分析

对来源于河南省32个县市的93株鸡源致病性大肠杆菌进行了16种抗生素药物的药敏试验和菌株耐药性与质粒图谱间关系的分析研究。结果表明:93株鸡源致病性大肠杆菌均为多重耐药菌株,耐药种类3～14种,耐药图谱复杂,可以分为58种耐药类型,相同来源的大肠杆菌耐药图谱、质粒图谱相似,但菌株耐药种类与质粒图谱条带的多少无一定的相关性。     

Analysis of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis isolated from human and chickens by repetitive sequence-PCR fingerprinting, antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles

A total of 22 Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) strains isolated from human and chicken were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by repetitive sequence PCR using ERIC and BOX primers, antibiotic resistance and plasmid patterns. Both ERIC and BOX PCR amplification data revealed a highly genetic homogeneity between isolates from human and chicken except one isolate, which originated from chicken and showed a different DNA band pattern from others. Eleven of 22 S. Enteritidis isolates (50%) were resistant to more than one antibiotics and characterized by 5 resistance patterns. The most common pattern was penicillin resistant (63.6%). Only one isolate from chicken showed a multiple drug resistance patterns to 4 antibiotics. All 22 S. Enteritidis isolates harbored more than two plasmids with eight different plasmid profiles including two to six plasmids with approximate molecular size ranging from 1.9 to 21 kb. A band of 15 kb size was detected in all isolates tested, however, the band sizes smaller than 15 kb were found only in isolates from chicken.     

用质粒DNA指纹图谱法分析猪水肿病大肠杆菌的流行病学特征

从广西各地病死猪器官、组织中分离到17株细菌,经细菌形态、培养特性及生化反应鉴定为大肠杆菌。作本动物回归试验、小白鼠致病性试验和溶血试验结果表明,全部为致病性大肠杆菌。血清定型鉴定结果发现,菌株血清型分布不规律。17株致病性大肠杆菌的质粒指纹图谱显示:来源于不同猪群的菌株GP20-3和GP25-1以及GP18-9和GP8-3分别具有相同的质粒图谱,说明发病猪群传染源的首发菌相同。所有菌株都含有1条大小相同的质粒带,广西流行的猪水肿病主要是由在遗传学上具有高度同源相关性的大肠杆菌的广泛流行传播所引起。菌株GP18-9和GP8-3的质粒指纹图谱相同,但它们的血清型却不一致的现象,可作为自然条件下,同一质粒在不同血清型大肠杆菌中扩散转化的一个生物学依据。     

Characterization of Salmonella Dublin and Salmonella Typhimurium (Copenhagen) Isolates from Cattle

Brackelsberg, C.A., Nolan, L.K. and Brown, J., 1997. Characterization of Salmonella dublin and Salmonella typhimurium (Copenhagen) isolates from cattle. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (6), 409-420Eight Salmonella typhimurium (Copenhagen) and eight Salmonella dublin isolates from cattle were compared by their antibiotic resistance patterns, by their production of colicin, aerobactin, haemolysin and capsule, by their possession of transmissible R plasmids and the spvC gene, and by their ability to invade and replicate within cultured epithelial cells. The two groups differed in their antibiotic resistance profiles, with more of the host-adapted S. dublin isolates resistant to tetracycline than were the non-host-adapted S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) group, but more of the S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) isolates resistant to the other antibiotics tested. None of the isolates produced colicin, but all produced aerobactin. One isolate in each group was encapsulated. All of the S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) and S. dublin isolates contained plasmids, and all of them contained the spvC-homologous sequences. Four of the S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) isolates were able to transfer an R plasmid to a recipient organism by conjugation. One of the five S. dublin isolates, which showed resistance to some of the antibiotics tested, was able to transfer an R plasmid by conjugation. Both groups of isolates invaded cultured epithelial cells to a similar degree after 1 h, but the S. dublin isolates reached significantly higher levels within the cells than did S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) after 9 h. This ability may, in part, explain the association of S. dublin with more severe forms of salmonellosis and prolonged carrier states. Further study of the intracellular growth of these isolates seems warranted.     

猪源大肠杆菌耐药性质粒的监测研究

在１１５株猪大肠杆菌耐药性监测的基础上,提取耐药类型最普遍的５株耐药菌的质粒进行质粒指纹图谱分析。结果表明：同一来源、耐药类型相同的菌株有相似的质粒图谱,来源不同者,酶切图谱有提示出它们之间的同源性,说明质粒指纹图谱可作为流行病学调查的工具。     

猪、鸡致病性大肠菌不同菌株质粒DNA及某些微生物学特性比较

对河南部分地区鸡和猪的5株致病性大肠杆菌进行了血清学试验、药物敏感试验、生化试验,并提取质粒DNA进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,以比较不同菌株之间的差异.结果表明,耐药性与质粒电泳图谱有一定关系;耐药性强的菌株的提取DNA进行电泳后未见质粒条带,耐药性差的菌株电泳后质粒条带清晰.生化反应相近的菌株其质粒电泳图谱也相似.本研究为细菌的分类及本病的防制方法提供了新思路.     

河南省鸡致病性大肠杆菌耐庆大霉素质粒的检测分析

通过对12株100%耐庆大霉素的多重耐药菌株的质粒提取,电泳检测和转化试验,成功获得了2株由质粒介导的耐庆大霉素的多重耐药菌株。结果表明:同一质粒可编码一个至数个耐药性基因,不同质粒可以携带相同的耐药性基因,并且这些质粒可以传递多种耐药性。证明了菌株对庆大霉素的耐药性是由耐药性质粒介导的,细菌的抗药性与耐药性质粒的转移有很大关系。     

Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates Incriminated in Colisepticaemia in Mink

Colisepticaemia is a major health and economic concern for the mink industry, yet little information is available about the Escherichia coli that cause this disease. In this study, 40 E. coli, isolated from mink clinically diagnosed with colisepticaemia that had been submitted to the North Dakota State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, were randomly selected for characterization. These isolates were serotyped and screened for resistance to 18 antimicrobials, possession of transmissible R plasmids, and the presence of several virulence traits or genes using bioassays or the polymerase chain reaction. Several serotypes were identified that have previously been associated with septicaemia in other animal species. The majority of the isolates exhibited multiple antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Common resistance phenotypes observed included those to tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, ampicillin and kanamycin. Several of the isolates that could be studied by conjugation contained transmissible R plasmids coding for multiple antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. About half of the isolates produced colicin; all produced enterobactin; and all but one-quarter produced aerobactin. None of the isolates tested produced enterohaemolysin, and one-fifth were considered to be beta haemolytic. About half appeared to contain the gene encoding cytotoxic necrotizing factor-I; three contained the gene encoding EAE, but none appeared to contain the genes coding for LT, Sta/b, SLT-I/II or CNF-II toxins or K99 antigen. Approximately one-third of the isolates elaborated capsule. The results show that the E. coli isolates implicated in mink colisepticaemia possess similar virulence traits and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes to those associated with diarrhoeal diseases in food animals.