130株上海地区猪链球菌血清分型调查研究

为了解上海地区历年猪链球菌流行情况、血清型分布情况,本研究对中心2003—2017年间保存的130株猪链球菌开展血清型PCR检测,并与血清凝集实验相验证。结果显示,本地区共鉴定出19种血清型,其中:优势菌株为猪链球菌2型(30.8%),其次为9型(10.8%)、7型( 9.2%),3型、8型、28型和29型均占5.4%。此外,2型、7型、9型、5型、28型、30型为门诊发病菌株的优势血清型,而19型、27型、29型和未定型菌株主要来自健康猪群。提示上海地区流行菌株存在一定的地缘性特征,9型流行率高于全国报道;健康猪群仍存在一定的2型、9型菌株携带,可能成为感染人和猪群的潜在风险因素。     

猪链球菌2、7、9型多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据Gen Bank中猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis,Ss)2、7、9血清型的荚膜多糖基因簇中的斜基因序列,分别设计3对引物,在完成最佳条件筛选、特异性、敏感性试验的基础上,建立了一种快速区分猪链球菌2、7、9三种血清型的多重PCR检测方法,并对我国广东省分离鉴定的猪链球菌进行分型鉴定。结果表明,建立的多重PCR检测方法分别对猪链球菌血清2型、7型和9型扩增出特异性片段,片段大小分别是360、600、800 bp。该方法特异性良好,与副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)、多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurellamultocida,Pm)、波氏杆菌(Brodetella bronchiseptica,Bb)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella,Sal)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)以及猪链球菌其他29个血清型均无交叉反应。用建立的多重PCR方法对临床分离的341株猪链球菌菌株进行血清型分型鉴定,并与传统的血清凝集分型结果进行比较,二者符合率为97.36%。与传统的血清凝集方法相比,本研究建立的PCR方法具有快速、灵敏、特异等特点,可应用于实验室的快速诊断以及猪链球菌的流行病学调查。     

猪链球菌种及其主要致病血清型多重PCR检测方法的建立

根据猪链球菌谷氨酸脱氢酶基因和血清型1型、2型、1/2型、7型、9型和14型的荚膜多糖编码基因核酸序列,分别设计猪链球菌种和血清型特异性引物,建立并优化多重PCR检测方法,检测分析种属背景明确的73株菌株（其中猪链球菌49株、其他对照菌株24株）及临床分离样本94株（包括四川资阳临床分离样本45株）。其中73株种属背景明确菌株多重PCR种检测结果符合率为87.5%,6种主要致病血清型检出率可达100%。24株对照菌株在种和血清型检测均为阴性。对45株四川猪链球菌病暴发现场分离菌株进行检测,其中41株为猪链球菌2型。上述结果提示建立的多重PCR方法对猪链球菌种及主要致病血清型的检测具有较好的特异性和敏感性,可用于猪链球菌病的快速诊断和流行病学调查。     

湖南省部分发病猪猪链球菌血清型的调查

为了解猪链球菌病在湖南病猪群中不同血清型的流行情况,实验室于2015—2017年从湖南省部分病猪群中收集到疑似链球菌感染病料142份,分别进行细菌分离,并采用猪链球菌GDH特异性引物鉴定到106株猪链球菌,阳性率为74.65%(106/142)。然后采用猪链球菌33个血清型的特异性引物对这106个菌株进行PCR鉴定,结果86.79%的菌株被鉴定到具体血清型,其中优势血清型为2型(1/2型)30.19%,其次是7型(11.32%)、8型(9.43%)和3型(6.60%)。     

河南省猪链球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为探讨河南省猪链球菌的血清型分布和耐药性情况，本试验对2016年5月~2017年5月从河南省猪场采集的各种组织病料进行猪链球菌的分离培养、生化鉴定及PCR鉴定，并进行了血清群的分群鉴定和血清型的分型鉴定，对其中的2型猪链球菌进行了药敏试验。结果显示，试验共鉴定出189株猪链球菌，流行的猪链球菌的血清群主要以D群为主，其次是G群和C群；优势的血清型是2型、7型、9型和1型。其中87株为2型猪链球菌，超过90%的2型菌株对β-内酰胺类（青霉素G、阿莫西林和头孢菌素类）、氯霉素、万古霉素、环丙沙星敏感，超过40%的2型菌株对多西环素、四环素、红霉素、复方新诺明、丁胺卡那霉素、克林霉素、链霉素、米诺环素产生耐药性。以上结果为指导猪场使用敏感药物及时控制疫情、选择血清型相符的疫苗进行预防及减少损失提供参考依据。     

河南省猪链球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为探讨河南省猪链球菌的血清型分布和耐药性情况,本试验对2016年5月~2017年5月从河南省猪场采集的各种组织病料进行猪链球菌的分离培养、生化鉴定及PCR鉴定,并进行了血清群的分群鉴定和血清型的分型鉴定,对其中的2型猪链球菌进行了药敏试验。结果显示,试验共鉴定出189株猪链球菌,流行的猪链球菌的血清群主要以D群为主,其次是G群和C群;优势的血清型是2型、7型、9型和1型。其中87株为2型猪链球菌,超过90%的2型菌株对β-内酰胺类(青霉素G、阿莫西林和头孢菌素类)、氯霉素、万古霉素、环丙沙星敏感,超过40%的2型菌株对多西环素、四环素、红霉素、复方新诺明、丁胺卡那霉素、克林霉素、链霉素、米诺环素产生耐药性。以上结果为指导猪场使用敏感药物及时控制疫情、选择血清型相符的疫苗进行预防及减少损失提供参考依据。     

猪链球菌1型的分离与鉴定

猪链球菌是1987年新设立的一个种,按荚膜抗原的差异分为35个血清型,其中猪链球菌2型毒力最强,猪链球菌1型也是猪链球菌病的一种重要病原。目前对猪链球菌2型的研究很多,但对猪链球菌1型的研究甚少,试验对分离到的1株猪链球菌1型菌株进行了分子生物鉴定,现报道如下。1材料和方法     

猪链球菌荧光DNA扩增片段长度多态性检测方法的建立

利用荧光标记技术,采用2对引物初步建立检测猪链球菌荧光DNA扩增片段长度多态性方法,结果表明12株猪链球菌扩增的多态性位点数从51～98条不等,该方法能够检测猪链球菌的多态性,区分不同血清型以及同一血清型不同特性的菌株,可用于菌株鉴定及流行病学研究中细菌源的追踪。     

猪链球菌通用型和2型双重荧光定量PCR快速检测技术的建立和应用

为快速区分检测猪链球菌血清型2型和其他血清型,以猪链球菌的保守基因gdh和2型特异性基因cps2J为靶基因设计引物和TaqMan探针,建立猪链球菌通用型和2型特异性的双重荧光定量PCR检测方法,并与常规PCR方法一起对临床样品进行检测。结果显示:本方法在1.5h内可完成猪链球菌和2型猪链球菌同时检测,与其他细菌无交叉反应;检测灵敏度可达5拷贝数,标准曲线相关系数大于0.999,批内和批间CV均小于1.25%。对67份临床样品检测显示猪链球菌和2型猪链球菌检出率分别为79.1%和35.8%,与常规PCR检测结果的符合率为92.5%和89.6%,kappa值为0.800和0.757,具有极好的一致性。成功建立了灵敏、特异和稳定的双重荧光定量PCR方法,实现了猪链球菌和2型猪链球菌同时及快速诊断。     

猪链球菌谷氨酸脱氢酶基因的克隆和序列分析

对猪链球菌2型、7型、9型的标准菌株和7株猪链球菌2型分离菌的谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)基因进行PCR扩增,经回收纯化后克隆到PMD18-T载体,筛选阳性克隆菌后测序并对其进行序列分析。结果,PCR扩增出1300bp左右的片段,包括GDH基因的整个开放阅读框,而测序结果表明,其序列与GenBank中的猪链球菌GDH基因序列一致,进一步序列分析表明,GDH的核苷酸序列在相同血清型之间同源性高达99%以上,而在不同血清型之间的同源型也达到了96%以上,而其氨基酸序列同源性则都在99%以上,且都具有GDH1型家族的功能区域。说明猪链球菌GDH基因及其蛋白具有高度的保守性,为进一步研究与应用提供了重要依据。     

SEROLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF AUSTRALIAN STRAINS OF ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE ISOLATED FROM PIGS, SHEEP, TURKEYS AND MAN

154 strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from pigs, sheep, turkeys and man were serotyped by using the double diffusion gel precipitation test. Ten of the 18 serotypes were detected in 151 of the strains. Three strains failed to react with any of the type specific antisera. It was found that serotype 1a shared an antigen(s) with serotype 1b, and that serotype 6 shared an antigen(s) with serotype 14. Serotype 2a and 2b were difficult to distinguish. Since serotypes 1 and 2 were isolated from cases of septicaemia in pigs, and since serotypes 1, 2, 4 and 7 were isolated from cases of arthritis, it was suggested that factors other than serotype were important in causing the various forms of swine erysipelas. The fact that the distribution of serotypes 1a, 1b and 2b between septicaemic and arthritic pigs was similar supported the conclusion that arthritis was consequent to bacteraemia. Serotypes 1a, 1b, 2b, 5, 12 and 15 were isolated from cases of arthritis in sheep, and serotypes 1a and 5 from cases of erysipelas in turkeys. Serotype 2b was isolated from a human specimen.     

Serotyping of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae by rapid slide agglutination and indirect fluorescent antibody tests in swine

One hundred and forty-one isolates of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae from Iowa and Illinois swine were characterized morphologically and biochemically and serotyped by rapid slide agglutination (RSA) and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests. Hyperimmune antisera were produced in rabbits using inactivated whole-cell suspensions of the reference strains for H pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 to 7 and strain 202, representing the taxon "minor group." Cross testing of the reference strains and reference antisera indicated the antisera to be essentially serotype-specific, although reactivity of some antisera with heterologous strains was observed. Cultures of the 141 isolates formed adherent or smooth colonies or mixtures of these colony forms. Adherent and smooth colony types were found in all serotypes identified. Microscopic and biochemical characteristics of all isolates were typical of those previously described for H pleuropneumoniae. The overall incidence of H pleuropneumoniae serotypes was serotype 5, 55.3%; serotype 1, 34.0%; serotype 7, 7.8%; and nontypeable, 2.8%. Comparing the 2 test procedures, 87.2% of the isolates could be typed by RSA, and 66.0% could be typed by IFA. Cross-reactions between serotype 4 antisera and serotype 5 and 7 isolates were common with the IFA test. The reactions with serotype 7, but not serotype 5, were eliminated by cross adsorption of serotype 4 antisera. There was good correlation between the 2 test procedures, but RSA was judged to be more specific and sensitive than IFA.     

Serotyping of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae in the Netherlands: with emphasis on heterogeneity within serotype 1 and (proposed) serotype 9

Four hundred and forty-three Dutch field isolates of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae were serotyped by rapid slide agglutination (RSA) using specific antisera against serotypes 1 to 5 and against the recently proposed types 6 to 9. The predominant serotypes were 9 (49%) and 2 (32%). Serotypes 1, 3, 5, 7 and 8 were isolated in small numbers: together they accounted for 3% of the total. Five percent of the isolates were not typable either due to autoagglutination or because they were not agglutinated by any of the available antisera. The remaining 49 strains (11%) agglutinated in more than one antiserum and could therefore not be properly classified. Forty-four of these 49 strains agglutinated in both anti type 1 and anti type 9 serum. Antigenic relationships between serotype 1, serotype 9 and isolates reacting with both antisera were studied using immunodiffusion and RSA with adsorbed sera. Serotype 9 strains appeared not to be a homogenous group. Isolates agglutinating exclusively in anti type 9 serum can be divided into two groups: one closely related and another hardly related to serotype 1. Serotype 9 reference strain 13261 belongs to the latter. Type 1 + 9 strains have antigens in common with serotypes 1 and 9, but they also have their own specific antigenic material. Such strains are proposed as a new serotype 10.     

我国鸭疫里氏杆菌血清型的鉴定

１９９７年１月－１９９８年３月,从北京市２０个商品鸭场自然病死的北京白鸭和河南省与上海市部分鸭场的樱桃谷鸭分离到２７６株鸭疫里氏杆菌,采用凝集试验和琼脂扩散沉淀试验,对其进行了血清型的研究。其中７０株细菌为１型,６４株为２型,其余１４２株怀１,２,型参考菌株的抗血清发生反应。     

Co-migrating and shared antigens of selectedPasteurella haemolytica untypable strains

Bacterial cell envelope preparations from eight untypable strains ofPasteurella haemolytica were compared by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with rabbit antisera prepared against the eight untypable strains (one untypable strain per rabbit) and with cattle antisera prepared againstP. haemolytica serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 and against one heterologous untypable strain. Numerous comigrating and shared antigens were recognized by the eight rabbit antisera and theP. haemolytica serotype cattle antisera. Comigrating antigens at 43 and 30 kilodaltons (kDa) were recognized by all eight rabbit antisera. Shared antigens, detected by all eight rabbit antisera when reacting againstP. haemolytica serotype 1, were recognized at 43, 32, 30, 20 and 15 kDa.     

Distribution of capsular types and production of muramidase-released protein (MRP) and extracellular factor (EF) of Streptococcus suis strains isolated from diseased pigs in seven European countries

Streptococcus suis strains (n=411), isolated from diseased pigs in seven European countries were serotyped using specific antisera against serotype 1 to 28, and were phenotyped on the basis of their muramidase-released-protein (MRP) and extracellular-factor protein (EF) production. Overall, S. suis serotype 2 appeared to be most prevalent (32%), followed by serotype 9 (20%) and serotype 1 (12%). Serotype 2 was most frequently isolated in France, Italy and Spain, whereas serotype 9 was most frequently isolated in Belgium, The Netherlands and Germany. In the United Kingdom serotypes 1 and 14 were most frequently isolated. High percentages of S. suis serotype 1, 2, 1/2 and 14 strains, isolated from tissues associated with S. suis infections such as brain, serosa, joint, heart and organs expressed the EF-protein, indicating that in these serotypes expression of EF is likely to be associated with virulence. In contrast, strains belonging to serotype 7 and 9, isolated from tissues associated with S. suis infections did not produce EF. These results strongly suggest that in the serotypes 7 and 9 EF expression is not related to virulence. More than 80% of the S. suis serotype 9 strains produced an MRP* protein, a high molecular variant of the 136kDa MRP. Expression of MRP* in serotype 9 strains is possibly associated with virulence.     

Antigenic diversity of infectious bursal disease viruses

Statistically significant antigenic differences were detected among serotype I infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV) using the virus-neutralization test. Eight serotype I commercial vaccine strains, five serotype I field strains, and two serotype II field strains were tested. Hyperimmune guinea pig antisera against heterologous and homologous IBDV strains were used in cross-neutralization tests. Relatedness values were calculated from geometric mean antibody titers based on a minimum of three tests. Six subtypes were distinguished among the 13 serotype I strains tested.     

Immunogenicity and antigenicity of infectious bursal disease virus serotypes I and II in chickens

Chickens were inoculated with infectious bursal disease virus serotype I or serotype II to determine if their immune system can distinguish between the two serotypes. Chickens had neutralizing antibodies to only serotype I viruses following exposure to serotype I viruses, and chickens had antibodies to only serotype II viruses following exposure to serotype II viruses. No cross-reactions were observed between antisera prepared to each of these two serotypes using a cross-virus-neutralization assay. Signs of disease were detected only in birds exposed to a virulent serotype I isolate. Chicks exposed to the serotype II viruses were not protected from challenge with a virulent serotype I isolate. In one experiment, antibodies to a serotype II isolate, which were detected before challenge, did not protect chicks from challenge with a virulent serotype I isolate.     

Serological studies of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae strains of serotype 6 and their antigenic relationship with other serotypes

Serological tests such as agglutination, coagglutination, precipitation and indirect haemagglutination were used to study the antigenic relationship of reference and field strains of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae of serotype 6 with reference strains of other serotypes. Both cell-associated particulate and cell-free soluble antigens prepared from unheated and heat-treated bacterial suspensions of reference and field strains of serotype 6 were used in the studies. Species-specific, common antigenic determinants associated mainly with heat-treated particulate antigens of serotype 6 were cross-reactive in tube agglutination tests with almost all the serotypes. The species-specific antigens were of a minor nature because the cross-reactivities were abolished in both 2-mercaptoethanol agglutination and coagglutination tests. Cell-free saline extracts of both unheated and heat-treated suspensions of serotype 6 strains possessed epitopes specific for serotypes 3, 5 and 8 in addition to their own specific determinants. The epitopes were dominant because the reactions of strains of serotype 6 with antisera against serotypes 3, 5 and 8 persisted in almost all the serological tests used. Serotype 6 strains were antigenically closer to serotype 8 than to serotypes 3 or 5. A combination of serological tests such as coagglutination followed by 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination and, or, immunodiffusion tests differentiated serotype 6 strains from those of other cross-reacting serotypes.     

血清10型鸭疫里默氏菌第5个血清亚型的分析

采用琼脂扩散沉淀试验、玻片和试管凝集试验以及血清吸收凝集试验，对6株鸭疫里默氏菌分离株进行了抗原性分析。这6株分离株被鉴定为血清10型，但它们与10型内已知的4个亚型菌株之间又存在明显的抗原差异，因此，以菌株C919为代表的6个分离株被鉴定为血清10型的第5个亚型。