罕见的中蜂蜂巢(图片报道)

最近我在一农民厨房正梁上发现一群蜂.据该农户讲,该蜂群已在此筑巢半年多.厨房是一间瓦房,蜂巢下农户每天都生火做饭,不断有火烟熏烤,晚上还有电灯照明的干扰,但这群中蜂居然能在这样的环境下生存,已属罕见.     

GAP在提高畜牧养殖质量安全水平中的应用

随着人们对健康、环境、质量认识和要求的不断提高,安全、高效和可持续发展的畜禽养殖已备受关注.因此,在畜禽养殖中引入一种安全、有效的预防和控制方法已成为一种必然要求.良好农业规范(GAP)系列标准和实施细则,在保障畜禽产品安全的同时,也兼顾了可持续发展的要求,为广大养殖从业者提供了一种更为先进可靠的控制手段.     

堆肥处理的条件控制

随着我国畜牧业的发展.畜禽粪便处理已成为人们越来越关注的重要环境问题.堆肥法作为一种集处理和资源再利用于一体的处理方法已被广泛使用.     

2种PCR方法检测饲料中牛和羊源性成分灵敏度

疯牛病自发生以来已给全球畜牧业带来了巨大的损失,已成为一种严重危害人类生命安全的传染病.因此,建立起有效的饲料中牛和羊源性成分的检测方法,避免带病毒的动物和饲料在市场上和国际间流通显得刻不容缓.目前,我国主要采用PCR方法进行饲料中牛和羊源性成分的检测.文章拟对普通PCR和Realtime PCR 2种方法的灵敏度进行比较,希望寻找出一种有效和灵敏度更高的方法,为实际的检测工作提供依据.     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断与防治

伪狂犬病病毒是以引起多种家畜和野生动物发热、奇痒以及脑脊髓炎为主要症状的一种疱疹病毒.近几年来在养猪业中广泛发生,已成为严重危害养猪业的一种烈性传染病,给养猪业带来了较大损失.     

名牌展会 再创佳绩 第八届中国国际食品加工和包装机械展览会-CHINA FOODTECH即将隆重举行

记者日前从第八届中国国际食品加工和包装机械展览会(CHINAFOODTECH)组委会获悉,2003年10月22日至25日CHINAFOODTECH展将在北京·中国国际展览中心2、3、4、5号馆隆重举行。目前展会的各项筹备工作进展顺利,招展工作已接近尾声。CHINAFOODTECH从1989年起至今已成功举办了七届,规模一届比一届大。现在CHINAFOODTECH在国际上已有一定的知名度,是国际包装机械联盟(C.O.P.A.M.A)唯一推荐的中国境内的包装和食品机械展,得到世界众多包装和食品机械生产商的认可和支持。在国内,CHINAFOODTECH已成为包装和食品机械行…     

小麦替代玉米在家禽上使用的研究进展

小麦作为玉米的理想替代原料,是一种营养丰富的优质原料,已被广泛应用于畜禽的养殖和饲料生产中.综述小麦较玉米在饲粮使用中的特点和在家禽上的应用情况.     

兽药残留:要不要建省级监督机构

一建立"兽药残留监控机构"的必要性 四川是畜牧业大省,也是全国五大牧区之一.畜牧业已成为了四川农村经济和国民经济的重要支柱.畜牧业产值已占到了农业总产值的45%左右.1999年已达359亿元.     

单克隆抗体在球虫研究中的应用

单克隆抗体在球虫研究中是一种十分重要的工具,已广泛应用于球虫新基因与新抗原的筛选、球虫发育过程及致病机理的探索、球虫病的诊断和防治等方面的研究.本文将就单克隆抗体在球虫研究中的应用作一综述.     

四季养鹅月月谈——10月全国气候特点和养鹅技术要点

10月份的农历节气有两个,一个是9日的寒露,一个是24日的霜降.寒露表示此时的气温已开始明显下降,人们已感觉到夜间和清晨露水的寒凉,霜降表明气温下降至0℃以下时,开始出现初霜冻.     

李斯特氏菌因子血清的制备及食品检测的免疫磁性分离-PCR(MIPA)方法的建立

首先进行了李斯特氏菌因子血清的研制，制备出了可对所有李斯特氏菌分型的 １５ 个 Ｏ 抗原因子和４ 个 Ｈ 抗原因子的因子血清。利用复合因子血清的多克隆抗体包被磁性球，对食品中的单核细胞增多性李斯特氏菌进行免疫磁性分离，并与 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法相结合，建立了检测食品中单核细胞增多性李斯特氏菌的 Ｍ Ｉ Ｐ Ａ方法（免疫磁性分离—聚合酶链反应方法，ｍ ａｇｎ ｅｔｉｃ ｉｍ ｍ ｕｎｏｐｏｌｙｍ ｅｒａｓｅ ｃｈａｉｎ ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ ａｓｓａｙ）。对菌液、模拟样品的检测表明，本方法能够有效地克服食品基质、培养基成分和杂菌对 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 检验的干扰作用。食品样品在 Ｅ Ｂ增菌液中增菌 １２ ｈ 后，检测的敏感度达 ５ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｍ Ｌ，可以在 ２０ ｈ 内完成检测。本方法对实际食品样品的检测结果，与国家标准检验方法检测的结果一致。     

食品中产单核细胞李斯特菌PCR检测方法的建立

根据产单核细胞李斯特菌hlyA基因设计引物,进行PCR扩增,检测该方法的特异性和灵敏度。人工污染样品经Half-fraser和Fraser增菌后进行PCR检测。结果表明,产单核细胞李斯特菌扩增出234bp的条带,对照菌未扩增出目的条带。该方法的灵敏度为104cfu/mL。人工污染样品的检出限为8cfu/25g,说明PCR方法检测食品中产单核细胞李斯特菌具有快速、特异、敏感等特点,具有较高的实用价值。     

Latest news on listeriosis

Emphasis is given essentially to the presentation of recent data in terms of our total knowledge of Listeria and human and animal listeriosis. This disease of extremely varied origin can be studied in terms of two groups of subjects: females in gestation and all other categories of individuals. There was initially only a single species of Listeria, but at least five are known today, only two of which are pathogenic. Their pathogenic power is related essentially to the presence of listerolysin O, although this is not the only factor involved. Identification of Listeria is easy and can be completed with that of its serovar and lysovar. Epidemiological studies have shown that the great majority of listeriosis are anademic. The contamination of receptive subjects is due to certain forms of food. In the absence of efficient vaccination, disease prevention must be obtained by eliminating Listeria from food.     

应用环介导等温扩增技术快速检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌的研究

目的建立环介导等温扩增技术快速检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌。方法根据单核细胞增生李斯特菌(LM)hlyA基因序列中的保守区域,采用在线引物设计软件Primer Explorer4.0进行设计,获得一套特异性的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)引物,对单核细胞增生李斯特菌hlyA基因进行LAMP扩增,并与常规PCR方法进行比较。结果建立的LAMP方法能成功扩增出梯形条带,LAMP检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌纯培养物和人工染菌的灵敏度为5.44×102cfu/mL,而对照PCR检测的灵敏度为5.44×104cfu/mL。对10株细菌进行LAMP扩增,仅单核细胞增生李斯特菌得到阳性结果。从DNA提取到报告结果,耗时仅1h。结论 LAMP检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌灵敏度高,特异性强,耗时短,方法简便,有望发展成为快速检测食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的有效手段。     

Occurrence of Listeria spp. in captive antelope herds and their environment.

Two juvenile scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) at the Wild Animal Park Planckendael died from acute septicemia caused by Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b. Subsequently, Listeria spp. were isolated from the feces, food, and environment of seven antelope species and examined using a two-stage enrichment procedure in Fraser Broth, followed by isolation on PALCAM agar. A total of 40/170 samples (23.5%) was positive for Listeria spp. No organisms were cultured in 83/170 samples (48.8%), and 47 samples (27.6%) were overgrown with Bacillus spp. Nonpathogenic Listeria spp. were isolated from 16/70 fecal samples, 22/40 soil samples, and 2/60 feed samples. Listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2b was isolated from two soil samples collected in the enclosure of the scimitar-horned oryx.     

Prevalence of Listeria species in camel sausages from retail markets in Aydin province in Turkey and RAPD analysis of Listeria monocytogenesisolates

Samples were taken from 100 camel sausages from the different retail markets in Aydin province in the south-west of Turkey and they were tested for the presence of Listeria spp by biochemical methods. Samples were enriched using Listeria Enrichment Broth and they were inoculated onto Listeria Selective Agar. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from nine samples (9%), Listeria innocua from 14 samples (14%) and Listeria welshimeri from two samples(2%). A 701 bp fragment of listeriolysin O sequence for L. monocytogenes was amplified using specific primers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for confirmation of the identification. A random primer (OPA-11) was used in a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. This detected five different band profiles amongst the L. monocytogenes isolates, indicating a relatively large amount of genetic heterogeneity amongst the nine isolates. The study has highlighted the need for improved strategies for food safety, in particular appropriate hygienic precautions to avoid contamination of sausage during the manufacturing process and appropriate preservation techniques during storage and transport, to prevent transmission of Listeria spp to consumers at home and abroad.     

石河子地区动物性食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的检测

目的了解新疆石河子地区动物性食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(LM)污染状况。方法在石河子地区选取5个具有代表性动物性食品零售点,对最常食用的生鲜猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉、冻鸡肉、冻虾和冻带鱼8类动物性食品进行随机采样,采用病原分离培养和PCR法对样品中的单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌进行检测。结果检测8类249份食品样品,细菌分离鉴定阳性样品12份,平均阳性率4.82%;PCR法检测阳性样品36份,平均阳性率为14.46%。结论石河子动物性食品中LM的污染比较普遍,尤以冻鸡肉和冻虾LM污染较重,新鲜猪肉、牛肉和羊肉LM污染程度较轻。     

Survey on the Listeria contamination of ready-to-eat food products and household environments in Vienna, Austria

Qualitative and quantitative contamination of ready-to-eat food-stuffs with the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes was studied in 1586 samples collected from 103 supermarkets (n = 946) and 61 households (n = 640) in Vienna, Austria. Seventeen groups of ready-to-eat foods were classified into three risk categories for contamination (CP1-CP3). Three to four samples were randomly collected at the retail level from each CP. Regarding the households, the sampling procedure was started with food items of CP1, and if not available, was continued with sampling of food items of CP2 and finally of CP3. Additionally, 184 environmental samples (swabs from the kitchen area, dust samples from the vacuum cleaner) and faecal samples (household members and pet animals) were included. One-hundred and twenty-four (13.1%) and 45 (4.8%) samples out of 946 food samples collected from food retailers tested positive for Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes, respectively, with five smoked fish samples exceeding the tolerated limit of 100 CFU/g food. Food-stuffs associated with the highest risk of contamination were twice as frequently contaminated with L. monocytogenes as food-stuffs associated with a medium risk of contamination. Products showing the highest contamination rate were fish and seafood (19.4%), followed by raw meat sausages (6.3%), soft cheese (5.5%) and cooked meat products/patés (4.5%). The overall contamination rate of foods collected at the household level was more than two times lower. Only 5.6% and 1.7% of 640 food-stuffs analysed tested positive for Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes, respectively. However, CP1 foods were rarely collected. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing of the collected L. monocytogenes isolates revealed a high degree of diversity between the isolates, with some exceptions. PFGE typing of isolates harvested from green-veined cheese revealed a match among strains, although the manufacturer seemed to be distinguishable. Typing of household strains revealed an epidemiological link within one family. In this case, food-stuffs and the kitchen environment were contaminated by an indistinguishable isolate. In addition, the same isolate was collected from a pooled faecal sample of the household members suggesting that consumption of even low contaminated food items (<100 CFU/g) results in Listeria shedding after the passage through the gut.     

Comparison of direct colony count methods and the MPN-method for quantitative detection of Listeria in model and field conditions]

In order to compare the plate count method for quantitating Listeria, as published in the "Official Collection of Testing Methods" in section 35 LMBG (L. 00.00-22), to an MPN-method for Listeria based on the same mediums, these two detection methods for Listeria were tested in three sets of experiments and a routine sample status evaluation. A pure broth culture of L. monocytogenes, artificially with L. monocytogenes contaminated ground meat, artificially contaminated and cold stored ground meat as well as 77 ground beef samples from Berlin retail food stores were used in the four trials. The detection limit of the MPN-method is about 66% lower than the plate count method allowing detection of a clearly greater number of Listeria-positive samples from naturally contaminated ground meat. The MPN-method yielded more Listeria spp.-positive samples (rel. 43%) and more L. monocytogenes-positive samples (rel. 21%) versus the colony count method based on the results from the field trial using ground beef samples from retail food stores in Berlin. Nevertheless the standardized colony count method is preferred over the MPN-method for routine use because of its slightly higher productivity and much smaller variation in the results. However, the MPN-method is preferable for epidemiological studies because of the significance of the lower detection level. The random sampling evaluation of ground beef from retail stores indicated that 39% of the samples were Listeria spp.-positive and 31% were L. monocytogenes-positive when using the colony count method. A total of 56% of the meat samples were found to be Listeria spp.-positive and 38% L. monocytogenes-positive when the MPN-method was used. Population levels ranged from 10 to 580 cfu/g (Listeria spp.-positive samples) and from 10 to 270 cfu/g (L. monocytogenes-positive samples) for the colony count method. The MPN-method yielded population levels of 3.6 to 930 MPN/g for Listeria spp.-positive samples and 3.6 to 150 MPN/g for L. monocytogenes-positive samples. L. monocytogenes strains isolated using the colony count method belonged to the following serovars: 1/2a (46%), 1/2b (13%), 1/2c (33%), 3b (4%) and 4c (4%). A similar serovar isolation pattern was found for L. monocytogenes-positive MPN-tubes. The most common serotype was 1/2a (43%), followed by 1/2c (32%) and 1/2b (14%). The serotypes 3c, 4b and 4c were all isolated 4% of the time.     

产单核细胞李斯特菌的PFGE分子分型分析

对50株不同来源的产单核细胞李斯特菌（Lm）进行PFGE分型,比较食源、环境、人源菌株之间的相似性。结果显示,同一市场内,环境污水分离株和新鲜食品分离株表现出较高同源性,新鲜食品分离株与即食性（RTE）食品分离株相似性很高,临床脑膜炎病人的1株Lm与RTE食品分离株在进化上显示出了很近的亲缘关系。50株Lm的分子分型分析提示了菌株从市场环境污水-新鲜食品-RTE食品-人的传播模式,为食源性疾病溯源追踪提供了新的思路。