比格犬脑垂体远侧部细胞的电镜观察

透射电镜观察表明,比格犬(Beagle)脑垂体远侧部实质中含有6种细胞,即生长激素细胞、催乳激素细胞、促甲状腺激素细胞、促性腺激素细胞、促肾上腺皮质激素细胞和滤泡—星形细胞,它们各有其超微结构特征。生长激素细胞呈圆形;胞核为圆形;分泌颗粒很多,圆形,直径约233～465nm,催乳激素细胞多呈不规则形;胞核为不规则形;分泌颗粒很多,圆形,直径约310～620nm。促甲状腺激素细胞呈圆形或卵圆形;胞核为圆形或卵圆形;分泌颗粒较少,直径约78～232nm。促肾上腺皮质激素细胞呈圆形或卵圆形;胞核为圆形或卵圆形;分泌颗粒较多,圆形,直径约155～310nm,分布于细胞周边。促性腺激素细胞呈圆形或椭圆形;胞核为圆形或椭圆形;分泌颗粒较少,呈圆形、卵圆形、杵状或不规则形,长径约155～434nm。滤泡—星形细胞呈星形或不规则形,有突起伸入相邻细胞之间;胞核为圆形或卵圆形;胞质内无分泌颗粒。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒形态学特征

应用电镜和免疫金电镜技术对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的中国分离株进行了形态学研究。该病毒粒子直径约55nm，多数呈球形，有囊膜，但在其囊膜上没有发现纤突结构。在病毒粒子中央部可观察到拟核（核衣壳），其直径约为40nm。在宿主细胞浆的空泡膜及滑面内质网小池膜上“出芽”，成熟的病毒粒子多蓄积在空泡腔内。病毒增殖数量与其适应宿主细胞程度有密切关系。     

BV147感染Vero细胞的超微结构

应用电镜对1997年本实验室从野外捕获的恒河猴分离的BV147在Vero细胞上的形态发生和增殖规律进行了观察。结果表明，新分离为BV147是疱疹病毒属成员，在细胞核内复制、增殖，在核内膜以“出芽方式”获得囊膜而达到成熟，通过细胞的胞吐或胞系统排到细胞外，接毒后18h病毒主要在核内，24h则可在核膜间隙、胞浆和细胞外见到大量成熟病毒颗粒。     

单克隆抗体诊断家蚕浓核病

<正> 养蚕中流行的家蚕浓核病,是造成蚕茧歉收的原因之一。本病是由家蚕浓核病病毒(BmDNV)感染蚕体后引起发病的,这种病毒是一种没有包涵体的昆虫病毒,与过去报导的传染性软化病病毒(IFV)不同,浓核病病毒为直径21nm的球状粒子,病毒核酸为单链DNA,侵入家蚕中肠,在园筒细胞核内形成病毒粒子,而传染性软化病病毒为单链RNA,直径约27nm的球状粒子,侵染家蚕中肠杯状细胞,在细胞质内形成病毒粒子。     

鸭病毒性肠炎病毒强毒在人工感染鸭体内形态结构和发生学的电镜观察

为研究鸭病毒性肠炎病毒(DEV)CH强毒株在感染鸭体内的分布和形态学发生规律，应用透射电镜和超薄切片技术对人工感染DEV的成年鸭各组织器官进行观察。结果表明：感染后12h在脾脏和法氏囊首先观察到少量的DEV出现，24h后在脾、胸腺和法氏囊以及死亡鸭的肝、肠和胰中均观察到具有典型的疱疹病毒粒子及其核衣壳形态的DEV。DEV病毒核衣壳有空心型、致密核心型、双环型和内壁附有颗粒型4种形态，存在胞核和胞浆两种装配方式。病毒成熟有两种方式：一为细胞核内核衣壳在核内获得皮层，通过核内膜获得囊膜成为成熟病毒；二为核内核衣壳通过内外核膜进入胞浆，核内和胞浆内的核衣壳在细胞浆中获得皮层，然后在各种质膜上获得囊膜，最后成熟病毒通过细胞破裂或其他方式释放到细胞外。伴随着病毒的复制、装配和成熟，细胞中出现多种核内和胞浆包涵体、核内致密颗粒、核内微管和中空短管、胞浆电子致密小体等结构。     

致病性猪伪狂犬病病毒PRV-JF株的分离与鉴定

从临床疑似猪伪狂犬病发病仔猪的脑组织病料中，经聚合酶链式反应（PCR）证实为猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）野毒感染，采用无PCV1污染的猪肾细胞系（PK-15）分离培养，经蚀斑克隆纯化，培育1株细胞培养适应毒，命名为PRV-JF株。该分离株经细胞培养传代，能够产生典型的细胞病变，病毒滴度随代次显著增加，第24代毒价达10^8.5 TCID50／mL。免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞试验（IPMA）检测病毒抗原分布在细胞核及细胞质内。病毒感染细胞可被已知PRV阳性血清中和。电镜负染观察到病毒粒子呈椭圆或圆形外观，无囊膜的病毒粒子直径约110nm～150nm，有囊膜的成熟病毒粒子直径约150nm～180nm。PCR鉴定该毒株含有gE基因，其序列与GenBank登录的7株PRV同源性为97.7％～100％。用不同剂量病毒培养物接种家兔于24h～72h内全部死亡。研究表明，PRV-JF分离株对易感动物具有高致病性，为进一步开展该病毒流行病学、致病机理、疫苗免疫与诊断研究奠定了基础。     

鸭病毒性肠炎病毒CH强毒株感染鸭胚成纤维细胞的超微结构观察

通过超薄切片和透射电子显微镜技术对鸭病毒性肠炎病毒（DEV）CH强毒株在鸭胚成纤维细胞（DEF）中的形态结构进行了研究。结果发现，DEVCH强毒株病毒核酸呈圆形颗粒状，直径35～45nm，在胞核内常集中分布；病毒核衣壳呈圆形．直径90～100nm．在胞核和胞浆内都有分布；DEV核衣壳可根据所含核酸形态的差异分为空心核衣壳、内壁附有颗粒型核衣壳、同心圆形核衣壳和实心核衣壳；成熟的病毒粒子具有囊膜和皮层结构．呈圆形．直径150～300nm，存在于胞浆空泡内；DEV可在DEF中分别形成胞浆内和胞核内包涵体结构；伴随子代病毒在细胞内的出现，胞浆内迁出现豆英状、马蹄形、半圆形、圆形、同心圆形等与病毒发生有关的电子致密结构。     

山羊关节炎—脑炎的研究——Ⅰ.CAEV89-GB1026毒株的分离与初步鉴定

用绵羊进行性肺炎阳性反应奶山羊的关节液在山羊关节滑膜细胞上连续培养传代,出现以多核巨细胞为特征的细胞病变。用其培养液制成的琼扩抗原与美国山羊关节炎-脑炎(CAE)标准阳性血清、参考阳性血清呈阳性反应。用浓缩提纯后的培养物感染的培养物.经超薄切片、负染电镜观察,看到与 CAE 病毒极为相似的球形病毒颗粒,直径约70～120nm,囊膜上育脊突,将其定名为 CAE89-GB1026.     

MDCK细胞感染犬传染性肝炎病毒后的超微结构观察

MDCK细胞感染犬传染性肝炎病毒(ICHV)BJ—1株后6h未见明显改变;12～18h胞核肿大,核内形成黑色颗粒样球状体;24h胞核内偶见病毒粒子,36h许多细胞内含病毒、病毒副晶体、形态各异的包涵体和多种板层样结构;48h感染细胞核膜以破损或出芽方式将成熟病毒粒子释入胞浆.     

猪圆环病毒衣壳蛋白在昆虫细胞中表达形成病毒样颗粒的研究

本研究应用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒/昆虫细胞表达系统,将猪圆环病毒（Porcine circovirus,PCV）PCV2b的ORF2基因插入供体质粒pFastBacTMⅠPPH启动子控制下的多克隆位点,构建的质粒转化DH10BAC感受态细胞,经抗性和蓝白斑筛选,获得重组穿梭质粒rBacmid-cap。将rBacmid-cap转染对数生长期的Sf9昆虫细胞,间接免疫荧光试验证明目的蛋白在重组杆状病毒感染的Sf9昆虫细胞中获得了表达。将该重组杆状病毒感染HighFiveTM细胞后,用Western blot在细胞培养上清中检测到了目的蛋白,并于d 5达到表达高峰。电镜观察结果显示上清中的目的蛋白可以装配成直径约为17 nm的病毒样颗粒。病毒样颗粒在培养上清中的大量存在,为目的蛋白进一步的分离和纯化提供了便利,也为PCV2基因工程疫苗的产业化奠定了基础。     

胎牛血清中牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型毒株分离及脱脂奶粉中抗体的检测

本研究旨在对进口胎牛血清中的牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）进行分离及鉴定。利用BVDV抗原和抗体检测试剂盒检测,提取胎牛血清中的病毒RNA,用5'-UTR巢式PCR进行扩增,PCR扩增产物连接pMD19-T进行测序分析。胎牛血清样品接种MDBK细胞,进行细胞传代培养,通过细胞分离培养、直接免疫荧光抗体检测对实验室进口胎牛血清样品进行病毒分离及鉴定,应用DNAStar对BVDV 5'-UTR、N^pro与GenBank中公布的瘟病毒参考株进行多序列比对,采用Mega 6.0进行遗传进化分析。同时通过包被脱脂奶粉进行间接ELISA检测其中的BVDV抗体。结果显示,胎牛血清中BVDV抗原和抗体均为阳性,并且从胎牛血清中成功分离到一株新的牛源BVDV,命名为BVDV-GC株,该病毒株在MDBK细胞上进行增殖培养时未能引起细胞病变;5'-UTR与N^pro PCR扩增为阳性,扩增产物大小均与预期相符;直接免疫荧光检测荧光信号为阳性;病毒滴度为10^-3.6TCID₅₀/0.1 mL;遗传进化分析表明,该分离株与USMARC-60779（BVDV-2）株有较近的亲缘关系,同属于BVDV-2型毒株;通过包被脱脂奶粉和商品化的ELISA试剂盒进行检测,结果表明脱脂奶粉中存在BVDV抗体。本研究从进口胎牛血清中分离出1株BVDV-2型非致细胞病变病毒,从脱脂奶粉中检测到BVDV抗体,表明进口胎牛血清和脱脂奶粉中都存在BVDV抗原和抗体污染,本研究为后续试验分析提供参考。     

Viral contamination of bovine fetal lung cultures and bovine fetal serum

Commercial bovine fetal serum (BFS) and bovine fetal lung (BFL) cells were tested for viruses. The only virus detected in any samples was noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Of 37 BFL cultures initiated, 34 were negative for BVDV, 1 was positive, and 2 were suspicious in that the source of BVDV contamination was not certain. Of 9 lots of irradiated sera tested, 1 (10%) was positive for BVDV; of 21 lots of nonirradiated sera tested, 13 (62%) were positive for BVDV. As judged by intensity of fluorescence in infected cultures, some cell strains were much more susceptible to BVDV than other strains. Heat inactivation of serum at 56 C for 30 minutes was found to be an unreliable method of eliminating BVDV from sera.     

Detection of cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus using nucleic acid hybridization.

A ribonucleic acid (RNA) hybridization assay to identify cattle infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is described. The RNA probe was derived from the coding region at the 3' end of the genome of the NADL strain of BVDV. Total RNA from infected cell cultures or peripheral blood leukocytes from suspect animals was extracted and applied to nylon membranes with a slot blot apparatus. Peripheral blood leukocytes were tested concurrently for BVDV by virus isolation. The results of hybridization and virus isolation were in agreement for 92% of the cases. When compared with virus isolation, hybridization had a sensitivity of detection of 59.5% and a specificity of 95%. Cross-reactivity to RNA extracts of border disease virus-infected cells was noted. No cross-reactivity was detected to other common bovine viruses (bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, and bluetongue virus), to viruses classified in related families (equine arteritis virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus), or to viruses having similar genomic organization (dengue virus type 2 and Japanese encephalitis virus).     

猪源牛病毒性腹泻病毒JLS-01株的分离鉴定及致病性研究

为了解猪源牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)的分子特征及致病性,本研究利用RT-PCR从吉林省某猪场出现严重腹泻症状的仔猪病料中检测到BVDV核酸阳性,将处理后的BVDV阳性样品接种于MDBK细胞,分离到1株病毒,命名为BVDV JLS-01。通过免疫荧光检测、5′UTR与Npro RT-PCR扩增对其分子进化特征进行分析。结果显示,该分离毒株在MDBK细胞上盲传至8代未出现细胞病变,在免疫荧光试验中呈阳性荧光信号。RT-PCR扩增获得大小分别为280和735bp的5′UTR和Npro片段。BVDV JLS-01株5′UTR与Npro序列遗传进化分析表明,其与LN-1和ZM-95亲缘性最近,与牛源毒株LN-1基因同源性达99.3%,提示该毒株可能来源于牛源毒株。将BVDV JLS-01株F8代细胞培养液人工感染BVDV和猪瘟病毒(CSFV)抗体阴性猪,感染猪未表现出明显的体温升高,但白细胞数量下降,并在感染猪的白细胞提取物中分离到该毒株,表明该毒株具有一定的致病性。该毒株的成功分离对进一步开展BVDV流行病学调查及致病机理等方面的研究具有重要意义。     

1株猪源牛病毒性腹泻病毒的分离与鉴定

从BVDV阳性仔猪病料中分离病毒,为开展猪源BVDV病原学研究奠定基础。将处理后BVDV阳性仔猪组织样品接种MDBK细胞,分离到1株猪源BVDV,命名为SD0803株。通过细胞培养、直接免疫荧光、5′-UTR与Npro PCR扩增、电镜观察、TCID50测定及对其分子进化特征加以分析。结果表明,该毒株在MDBK细胞上盲传至13代未出现细胞病变。在直接免疫荧光试验中呈阳性荧光信号。PCR扩增分别获得5′-UTR与Npro预期大小DNA片段。电镜观察,病毒粒子略呈圆形,有囊膜,直径约50nm。病毒滴度为10-6.5 TCID50.0.2 mL-1。SD0803 5′-UTR、Npro序列进化分析显示,该分离株属于BVDV-1,与已知BVDV-1各亚型之间同源性较低,单独成一分支。结果表明,成功分离鉴定1株猪源BVDV SD0803,该毒株为非致病变型BVDV-1,极有可能为BVDV-1新的亚型。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒JN株的分离鉴定及E2基因的序列分析

本研究从疑似牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)感染牛的分泌物与排泄物中分离鉴定1株牛病毒性腹泻病毒,并进行E2基因序列分析。结果表明,分离株病毒命名为JN株;Reed-Muench法测定分离株病毒TCID₅₀为10^-7.5/0.1 mL;病毒中和试验结果表明,BVDV JN分离株可被BVDV阳性血清特异性中和,而不能被BVDV阴性血清中和;分离株病毒E2基因序列测序结果表明,该分离毒株属于BVDVⅠa亚型。     

Effects in calves of mixed infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus and several other bovine viruses

The objective of this study was to verify whether a mixed infection in calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and other bovine viruses, such as bovid herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4), parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus, would influence the pathogenesis of the BVDV infection sufficiently to result in the typical form of mucosal disease being produced.

Accordingly, two experiments were undertaken. In one experiment calves were first infected with BVDV and subsequently with BHV-4 and IBR virus, respectively. The second experiment consisted in a simultaneous infection of calves with BVDV and PI-3 virus or BVDV and IBR virus.

From the first experiment it seems that BVDV infection can be reactivated in calves by BHV-4 and IBR virus. Evidence of this is that BVDV, at least the cytopathic (CP) strain, was recovered from calves following superinfection. Moreover, following such superinfection the calves showed signs which could most likely be ascribed to the pathogenetic activity of BVDV. Superinfection, especially by IBR virus, created a more severe clinical response in calves that were initially infected with CP BVDV, than in those previously given the non-cytopathic (NCP) biotype of the virus. Simultaneous infection with PI-3 virus did not seem to modify to any significant extent the pathogenesis of the experimentally induced BVDV infection whereas a severe clinical response was observed in calves when simultaneous infection was made with BVDV and IBR virus.     

Laboratory diagnostic investigations for bovine viral diarrhoea virus infections in cattle

There are no pathognomonic clinical signs of infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in cattle. Diagnostic investigations therefore rely on laboratory-based detection of the virus, or of virus-induced antigens or antibodies in submitted samples. In unvaccinated dairy herds, serological testing of bulk milk is a convenient method for BVDV prevalence screening. Alternatively, serological testing of young stock may indicate if BVDV is present in a herd. In BVDV positive herds, animals persistently infected (PI) with BVDV can be identified by combined use of serological and virological tests for examination of blood samples. ELISAs have been used for rapid detection of both BVDV antibodies and antigens in blood, but should preferably be backed up by other methods such as virus neutralization, virus isolation in cell cultures or amplification of viral nucleic acid. Detailed knowledge of the performance of the diagnostic tests in use, as well as of the epidemiology of bovine virus diarrhoea is essential for identification of viremic animals in affected herds.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据GenBank中登录的牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)基因序列,设计合成了1对特异性引物,建立了检测BVDV的RT-PCR方法。通过对该方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行试验,结果显示,该方法可从BVDV标准毒株Oregon C24V中扩增出471 bp的特异性片段,而对猪瘟病毒、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、牛呼吸道合胞体病毒、牛副流感病毒、MDBK正常细胞的扩增结果均为阴性。经对标准毒株的细胞毒进行检测,其敏感度达10^-1 TCID₅₀/mL。应用该方法对临床腹泻病牛各脏器样品进行检测,结果比病毒分离方法更为敏感,操作简便。表明建立的RT-PCR方法具有特异、灵敏、高效、快速的特点,可用于BVDV的临床检测及流行病学监测。     

Evaluation of cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of recombinant human interferon alfa-2a and recombinant human interferon alfa-B/D hybrid against bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus in vitro

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of recombinant human interferon alfa-2a and recombinant human interferon alfa-B/D hybrid against cytopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in vitro. SAMPLE POPULATION: Primary bovine testicular cells and Mardin Darby bovine kidney cells. PROCEDURES: To evaluate cytotoxicity, cells were added to serial dilutions of each interferon. To evaluate antiviral activity of each interferon, interferons were serially diluted 1:10, and tissue culture cells were added; virus was then added at 3 time points. Prevention of viral infection by interferon was defined as failure to induce cytopathologic effect for VSV, IBRV, and cytopathic BVDV and failure to detect virus immunohistochemically for cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV. RESULTS: No evidence of cytotoxicity in either cell line was detected after incubation with interferon alfa-2a or interferon alfa-B/D. However, reduced growth rates of tissue culture cells were detected for each interferon when undiluted interferon was tested. Comparable and profound antiviral activities against cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV were evident for each interferon. Interferon alfa-2a and interferon a-B/D had comparable antiviral activities against VSV. Neither interferon had antiviral activity against IBRV. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The safety and marked in vitro antiviral activity against noncytopathic BVDV, cytopathic BVDV, and VSV suggest that interferons alfa-2a and alfa-B/D may be useful for treatment of natural disease after infection with these viruses.