鸡致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定

鸡大肠杆菌病是严重影响养鸡业生产的一种传染性疾病，雏鸡以败血症；各种年龄鸡以气囊炎、心包炎、肝周炎、腹膜炎、眼炎、肉芽肿以及产蛋鸡的卵黄性腹膜炎等主要的症状和病理变化。我们从本省的仪征、盐城、东台、海安等地的病鸡共分离到７６株大肠杆菌，选有代表性１０株，进行生化特性及血清型鉴定。结果表明，江苏苏北地区分离株的血清型主要表现为Ｏ７８、Ｏ８、Ｏ３５、Ｏ１，生化结果表明不同血清型细菌之间或同一血清型不同株之间在生化特性上均存在差异。药敏试验结果说明野毒株之间敏感性差异很大，相同血清型的野毒株和标准株对比，药敏差异也很大。     

鸡致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定

鸡大肠杆菌病是严重影响养鸡业生产的一种传染性疾病，雏鸡以败血症；各种年龄鸡以气囊炎、心包炎、肝周炎、腹膜炎、眼炎、肉芽肿以及产蛋鸡的卵黄性腹膜炎等主要的症状和病理变化。我们从本省的仪征、盐城、东台、海安等地的病鸡共分离到７６株大肠杆菌，选有代表性１０株，进行生化特性及血清型鉴定。结果表明，江苏东北地区分离株的血清型主要表现为Ｏ７８、Ｏ８、Ｏ３５、Ｏ１，生化结构表明不同血清型细菌之间或同一血清型不同     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒广西分离株血清型的分析

应用病毒感染的鸡胚材料免疫新西兰兔的方法制备抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)单因子血清,然后在鸡胚气管环培养(Tracheal organ cultures,TOC)上对广西分离的7个IBV代表性毒株和3个常用疫苗株进行交叉病毒中和试验。结果显示,10个毒株被分为6个血清型。根据试验所得的R值,应用聚类分析法分析了各血清型毒株之间的亲缘关系,显示目前在广西流行的IBV野毒株之间以及其与疫苗株间的抗原性存在很大程度的差异,分属不同的血清型。同时还对IBV基因分型和血清分型之间的关系进行了探讨。     

肾型鸡传染性运气了管炎病毒C9001分离株的生物学特性

从华东地区某鸡场病死鸡中采集有典型肾炎病变的肾脏病料，分离到一株鸡传染性支撖这炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）野毒株。以５个ＩＢＶ标准毒株作对比，从分离株（Ｃ９００１）的形态结构、致病性、细胞培养牧场生、血凝活性、浮密度、理化特性、血清型及免疫原性等对分离株的生物学特性作了详细的系统分析。     

鸡大肠杆菌菌种选育及冻干藏试验

为试验鸡大肠杆菌病中草药佐剂多价灭活疫苗而进行了制造和检验用菌种的选育试验。经染色特性、培养特性、生化特性及血清学特性等的观察和测定，选用Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、ＳＥ４株血清型分别是Ｏ１、Ｏ２、Ｏ７８及Ｏ２４的鸡Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ作为标准菌株，现地分离和鉴定有代表性疫区或病鸡群病原血清型作为地方菌株，经毒力和免疫原性测定，结果证实，该４株血清型大肠杆菌作为疫苗制造和检验用菌种较好，并分别进行了冷冻真空干燥保存试验，     

蓝舌病病毒血清1型野毒株及疫苗株S10基因差异

蓝舌病病毒血清型 1型是主要致病血清型之一。为明确其流行规律的分子生物学基础 ,采用 RT- PCR扩增和序列测定技术分析了 15株野毒株及 1株弱毒疫苗株的 S10全基因片段 ,并对其核苷酸和氨基酸差异进行了比较。所有毒株 S10基因核苷酸长度均为 82 2 bp,含有 2个起始密码子 (核苷酸 2 0～ 2 2和 5 9～ 6 1)和 1个终止子 (核苷酸 70 7～70 9) ,预测编码 2种蛋白 (NS3和 NS3A)。不同毒株间 S10基因核苷酸差异为 0～ 138个 (同源性 10 0 %～ 82 %) ,NS3/NS3A蛋白氨基酸差异为 0～ 15个 (同源性 10 0 %～ 93%)。基于 S10基因序列分析 ,可将蓝舌病病毒野毒株及疫苗株分为 2个基因群 :12株野毒株及 1株疫苗株为基因 群 ,3株野毒株与澳大利亚 型毒株属于基因 群 ,两群间的核苷酸同源性为 79%。各基因群在地域分布及宿主来源上未发现有明显的特征性。基因群与毒株分离年代、对 BHK- 2 1细胞毒力等特征关系亦不明显。     

山东地区鸡传染性支气管炎病毒抗原相关性和血清分型

为进一步明确山东地区鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)的流行病学,对IBV分离株之间以及与疫苗株之间的抗原相关性进行了分析。分别制备了3个疫苗株(4/91、H120和Ma5)和18个分离株的单因子阳性血清,通过鸡胚交叉中和试验测定了阳性血清对同源病毒和异源病毒的中和效价,计算了不同毒株之间的抗原相关系数(R值),并根据R值进行血清分型。结果显示,3个疫苗株和18个分离株可分为5个血清型。疫苗株4/91属于血清Ⅰ型,H120、Ma5与2个分离株(SDWF0608和SDLY0701)属于同一血清型,分离株SDZB0808与SDLY0702、CK/CH/SD08/007和CK/CH/SD09/001等15个毒株为同一血清型,CK/CH/SD09/006和CK/CH/SD10/001分别与其他3和6个分离株组成两个血清型。进一步分析发现,部分IBV毒株之间表现单向中和反应性,属于同一血清型的IBV毒株之间抗原相关性可能存在明显差异。本研究结果一方面表明IBV毒株之间复杂的抗原相关性,另一方面显示IBV流行株与3个疫苗株之间抗原性存在明显差异。     

西藏地区牦牛致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定

从西藏地区牦牛自然病例中分离出5株大肠杆菌，通过形态观察、生化试验、血清学鉴定及动物致病性试验，表明5株分离菌是培养特性和生化特性基本一致、具有很强致病力、血清型不同的致病性大肠杆菌。     

新疆绵羊致病株李斯特杆菌分离与鉴定

本研究采用生化反应，溶血试验，致病力试验，PCR方法对分离的新疆5株绵羊致病株李斯特杆菌90SB1，90SB2，90SB5，90SS1，125SL进行了种型的鉴别测定，并用RAPD技术对这5株李斯特杆菌及标准株李斯特杆菌进行分型。试验结果，五株绵羊致病株（野毒株），在生化反应，培养特性，溶血性，致病性及溶血素基因特异性等方面表现高度的一致性，属于同一种LM。RAPD实验表明此5株LM指纹图谱相同，属于同一个型。此5株致病性LM与标准LM对照株（从食品中分离到）指纹图谱差异显著，属于不同型。     

禽病原性大肠杆菌6种血清型分离株外膜蛋白型的研究

从病鸡中分离的６ 种血清型（ Ｏ２、 Ｏ４６、 Ｏ１８、 Ｏ１２１、 Ｏ７６、 Ｏ１３１）及５ 种标准血清型（ Ｏ１、 Ｏ１５、 Ｏ３５、 Ｏ３６、 Ｏ７８）大肠杆菌中提取外膜蛋白（ Ｏｕｔｅｒ ｍ ｅｍ ｂｒａｎｅ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ），经 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ－ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 分析表明，分离株 Ｏ７６、 Ｏ１３１及标准株 Ｏ１、 Ｏ３５的外膜蛋白型由２ 条带组成，为 Ｏ Ｍ Ｐ－ １ 型；分离株 Ｏ２、 Ｏ４６、 Ｏ１８、 Ｏ１２１和标准株 Ｏ１５、 Ｏ３６、 Ｏ７８的外膜蛋白型由３ 条带组成，为 Ｏ Ｍ Ｐ－ ２ 型，结果表明，不同血清型菌株之间有相同的 Ｏ Ｍ Ｐ型。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.