猪瘟病毒E2蛋白重组T4噬菌体的构建及免疫学特性

利用重组 PCR技术将猪瘟病毒 (CSFV) E2基因与 T4噬菌体 SOC基因 C端融合 ,构建了大小为 12 33bp的SOC/ E2融合基因 ,将其插入携带 T4溶菌酶基因 (e)和 denv基因的 T4重组载体 (p RH) ,构建了重组载体 p RSE2 ,通过重组载体与缺失突变型 T4噬菌体基因发生同源重组 ,将 SOC/ E2融合基因整合入 T4噬菌体的基因组中。经EL ISA、Western blot等免疫学检测证实 ,T4噬菌体表达的 E2融合蛋白具有 CSFV免疫学活性 ,动物试验证实 T4 .SOC.E2重组噬菌体免疫鼠后能诱导产生特异性的猪瘟抗体     

原核表达的猪瘟病毒E2蛋白抗原多肽的复性和纯化

对原核中以包涵体形式高效表达的猪瘟病毒（CSFV）E2蛋白抗原表位区段（mE2)进行了变性、复性与纯化研究。包涵体经超声破菌分离，然后进行变性溶解和复性，复性产物经硫酸铵沉淀浓缩后，利用免疫亲和层析进行纯化。纯化产物SDS－PAGE分析结果表明，其纯度达97％。酶联免疫试验测定的结果显示，与复性前变性蛋白相比，纯化蛋白与CSFV特异的单抗和多克隆阳性血清的反应活性提高了2－16倍。     

稳定表达猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的BHK细胞系的构建

猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的E2蛋白是引起猪体产生针对猪瘟保护性抗体的主要抗原,构建可稳定表达CSFV E2蛋白的细胞系,可为E2蛋白功能研究及基因工程猪瘟疫苗的研制提供物质基础。本研究将CSFV E2基因克隆至慢病毒表达载体,构建重组慢病毒表达质粒pCDH-E2。将pCDH-E2重组质粒与慢病毒包装质粒共转染293T细胞,获得重组慢病毒。将该慢病毒感染BHK-21细胞,经嘌呤霉素抗性筛选结合有限稀释法筛选出可表达CSFV E2蛋白的BHK细胞系。Western blot分析结果显示,所构建的重组细胞系传至第10代仍能稳定表达CSFV E2蛋白。该细胞系的建立为研制猪瘟新型重组疫苗及其生产奠定基础。     

猪瘟病毒蛋白E2、N^pro基因的克隆表达及纯化

克隆了猪瘟病毒（CSFV）石门株E2和Npro基因,并分别插入pGEX-6p-1表达载体中,构建了原核重组表达质粒。经IPTG诱导后,应用SDS-PAGE电泳检测结果表明,重组质粒均得以成功表达。使用超声法破碎菌体获得蛋白,将带有GST标签的融合蛋白进行亲和层析,其中E2和Npro的表达形式分别为包涵体表达和可溶性蛋白表达。将E2变性后重折叠,应用亲和层析法纯化蛋白,Western blot检测发现CSFV蛋白E2能够被CSFV阳性血清识别,具有良好的反应原性,而Npro不能与CSFV阳性血清反应。     

猪瘟病毒蛋白E2、Npro基因的克隆表达及纯化

克隆了猪瘟病毒(CSFV)石门株E2和Npro基因,并分别插入pGEX-6p-1表达载体中,构建了原核重组表达质粒。经IPTG诱导后,应用SDS-PAGE电泳检测结果表明,重组质粒均得以成功表达。使用超声法破碎菌体获得蛋白,将带有GST标签的融合蛋白进行亲和层析,其中E2和Npro的表达形式分别为包涵体表达和可溶性蛋白表达。将E2变性后重折叠,应用亲和层析法纯化蛋白,Western blot检测发现CSFV蛋白E2能够被CSFV阳性血清识别,具有良好的反应原性,而Npro不能与CSFV阳性血清反应。     

猪瘟病毒四川分离株E2基因的分子克隆、原核表达及免疫学活性分析

分子克隆猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus,CSFV)四川分离株E2基因,并对其进行原核表达及免疫学活性分析。PK-15细胞培养增殖CSFV四川分离株提取总RNA,运用RT-PCR扩增E2基因,定向克隆构建原核重组表达载体,转化E.coli Rosetta-gami-TM(DE3)plysS,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测蛋白表达,Western blotting分析表达蛋白的免疫学活性。试验结果表明,成功克隆了E2基因,共1119 bp,包含有编码E2蛋白的完整序列,编码373个氨基酸;成功构建了CS-FVE2基因完整阅读框、主要抗原区原核表达载体pET-E2(pe)、pET-mE2(pe);蛋白质电泳结果显示,成功表达出约45.32、28.49 ku两目的蛋白,而且表达的E2(pe)、mE2(pe)融合蛋白均能被CSFV阳性血清所识别,具有良好的免疫学反应活性。因此,本试验成功获得CSFV四川分离株E2基因,表达出具有生物学活性的E2(pe)、mE2(pe)融合蛋白。     

新城疫病毒HN蛋白球状头部在T4噬菌体衣壳表面的展示

用RT-PCR扩增新城疫病毒(NDV)hn基因，得到大小约1700bp的片段，将其克隆至pGEM-T easy载体并测定其核苷酸序列。根据测序结果，另设计1对引物带有EcoR I限制位点，用PCR扩增基因主要功能区即编码HN蛋白球状头部的hngd片段，将其分别克隆至pSOC和pR质粒soc基因3′端，重组质粒pSOC-HNGD转化E．coli BL-21(DE3)感受态细胞，以终浓度1mmol／L的1PTG诱导表达，在SDS-PAGE凝胶上检测到相对分子质量大小约67000的目的蛋白条带。随后将重组质粒pR-HNGD转化T4宿主菌E2感受态细胞．阳性克隆用溶菌酶缺陷的T4-Z1感染，用不加溶菌酶的SC平板筛选阳性克隆。经PCR鉴定，hngd片段已整合在T4-Z1的基因组中。纯化后的重组噬菌体T4-Z1-HNGD用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot可检测到67000的特异条带。结果表明，HNGD蛋白成功展示在T4噬菌体衣壳表面，且与NDV抗血清具有良好的反应性。     

PCV2衣壳蛋白羧基端基因在T4噬菌体表面的展示及ELISA方法的建立

用PCR扩增猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型广东分离株的衣壳蛋白羧基端基因,将PCR产物连接到pR质粒,转化DH5α细胞,筛选阳性克隆进行PCR鉴定并测序后,转化E2菌,将重组E2菌与缺陷型噬菌体T4-Z1同源重组后,得到重组噬菌体,经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析,表明衣壳蛋白片段在噬菌体表面正确展示,表达的融...     

噬菌体展示技术

噬菌体展示技术是将外源蛋白或多肽的DNA序列插入到噬菌体外壳蛋白结构基因的适当位置，使外源基因随外壳蛋白的表达而表达，同时，外源蛋白随噬菌体的重新组装而展示到噬菌体表面的生物技术。到目前为止，人们已开发出了单链丝状噬菌体展示系统、入噬菌体展示系统、T4噬菌体展示系统等数种噬菌体展示系统。本文主要概述了噬菌体展示技术的基本原理、噬菌体展示系统研究以及技术特点等，并跟踪了目前该领域的最新研究进展和发展前景。     

鸡缩胆囊素(CCK)在T4噬菌体表面的展示及免疫原性研究

采用T4噬菌体表面展示系统，将CCK-33肽四多串联体及八多串联体展示在T4噬菌体表面，并研究其免疫原性。将CCK四串联体和八串联体与SOC基因缺失的、依赖溶菌酶的噬菌体ФT4-Z1重组，获得重组噬菌体CT-4CCK和西T-8CCK。SDS-PAGE和Western Blot检测结果表明，CCK多串联体蛋白已经成功展示在T4噬菌体表面，其融合蛋白分子量约30ku和41ku，能够与CCK标准阳性血清发生特异性反应。以重组噬菌体为免疫原制备油佐剂疫苗主动免疫胡须肉鸡后，抗体浓度显著升高，肉鸡的体重、采食量都有所提高，而料肉比有所下降。结果说明，鸡CCK蛋白展示在T4噬菌体表面具有良好的免疫原性。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.