一起因疫苗使用不当导致大批羊死亡的病例报告

疫苗免疫是有效防止动物疫病发生的重要手段。疫苗免疫动物后极少数动物发生过敏反应属于正常现象，但因疫苗使用不当或错误导致动物发生过敏反应而大量死亡的事件较少见有报道。现就我市一起因伪狂犬病活疫苗（猪用）给羊注射而导致大批羊死亡的情况进行总结与分析，以引起相关人员的重视。     

仔猪球虫病的诊治

2010年3月20日七台河市某一猪场发生仔猪全窝发病死亡现象。死亡率在95%以上。发病仔猪395头,死亡365头。经多方治疗无效;后经笔者剖检初步诊断为猪伪狂犬病,又取病料送到东北农业大学进行实验室诊断,确诊为仔猪伪狂犬病后,立即为全场猪注射伪狂犬病疫苗,免疫后未再发     

仔猪球虫病的诊治

2010年3月20日七台河市某一猪场发生仔猪全窝发病死亡现象。死亡率在95%以上。发病仔猪395头,死亡365头。经多方治疗无效;后经笔者剖检初步诊断为猪伪狂犬病,又取病料送到东北农业大学进行实验室诊断,确诊为仔猪伪狂犬病后,立即为全场猪注射伪狂犬病疫苗,免疫后未再发     

国内猪场猪伪狂犬病疫苗的免疫现状、存在问题及免疫策略

猪伪狂犬病是伪狂犬病病毒引起的高度接触性和急性传染病,给世界范围内的养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。近年来,由于伪狂犬病病毒毒株不断产生新的变异,使猪场防控和净化猪伪狂犬病的难度不断加大。文章分析了猪伪狂犬病疫苗及免疫现状、疫苗免疫存在的问题、疫苗免疫面临的挑战及对策,希望对养猪从业者有所帮助。     

云南省部分猪场猪伪狂犬病血清学调查

为调查了解云南省猪场伪狂犬病疫苗免疫抗体水平和野毒感染情况,采用ELISA-gB和ELISA-gE抗体检测方法对云南省部分猪场送检的602份血清样品进行了检测分析。结果表明:检出疫苗免疫猪场伪狂犬病的抗体阳性率为92.73%,未免疫疫苗的猪场伪狂犬病野毒gE抗体阳性率为38.46%。说明猪伪狂犬病野毒感染在云南省猪场中普遍存在,疫苗免疫过的猪场伪狂犬病的抗体水平较高,但不同阶段猪的抗体水平存在一定的差异。     

当前猪伪狂犬病的流行新特点及防治建议

<正>猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病毒引起的猪的一种急性传染病,猪伪狂犬病毒属于疱疹病毒,能够导致母猪群繁殖障碍及仔猪大批死亡,育肥猪呼吸道疾病等临床症状。通过免疫猪伪狂犬基因缺失疫苗,猪场伪狂犬病的发病率降低了,但这两年猪伪狂犬病出现了新的变化,原来免疫非常     

广南县一起非典型性猪伪狂犬病的诊治

正猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)属于疱疹病毒科猪疱疹病毒属,是引起家畜和某些野生动物发病的传染病病毒[1],对猪的危害最大,每年给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。随着人们对猪伪狂犬病的重视程度越来越高,猪伪狂犬病疫苗的推广应用,几乎所有养猪场都进行猪伪狂犬病疫苗免疫,因此,典型的猪伪狂犬病越来越少。然而由于疫苗质量高低不一,免疫程序不合理,生物安全体系不完善等原因,猪伪狂犬病野毒在云南养猪场时有存在。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒gE基因核酸探针的制备

伪狂犬病（pseudorabies,PR）又称Aujeszky氏病,是由伪狂犬病病毒引起的猪、牛、羊等多种家畜、家禽及野生动物的一种以发热、奇痒（猪一般除外）、呼吸和神经系统疾病为特征的重要传染病。控制和消灭伪狂犬病所面临的主要困难是伪狂犬病病毒的潜伏感染问题。目前,OIE推荐使用基因缺失疫苗,我国农业部已决定只生产和使用基因缺失疫苗。已有的商业化基因缺失疫苗普遍缺失了啦基因。随着基因缺失疫苗的广泛使用,迫切需要一种有效的检测强毒及其潜伏感染的诊断方法与之配套,因此进行了利用缺失的gE基因制备核酸探针的研究。     

仔猪伪狂犬病的诊断与防治

2010年3月20日七台河市某一猪场发生仔猪全窝发病死亡现象。死亡率在95%以上。发病仔猪395头,死亡365头。经多方治疗无效;后经笔者剖检初步诊断为猪伪狂犬病,又取病料送到东北农业大学进行实验室诊断,确诊为仔猪伪狂犬病后,立即为全场猪注射伪狂犬病疫苗,免疫后未再发生病情，疫情得到控制。     

伪狂犬病病毒感染抗体监测及伪狂犬病流行状况分析

在北京大兴和顺义区2个使用伪狂犬病病毒（porcine pseudorabies virus,PRV）Bartha株基因缺失疫苗的规模化猪场进行为期3年的猪伪狂犬病野毒感染抗体跟踪监测,并进行猪场的临床状况和组织样品的PCR检测,结果显示,北京市2011—2012年间在猪伪狂犬病基因缺失疫苗免疫猪场发生了猪伪狂犬病的流行。提示,应对该状况加以重视,对其发病原因需进行进一步的病毒分离和毒株分子遗传学分析。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.