Immunogenicity of Empty Capsids of Porcine Circovius Type 2 Produced in Insect Cells

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a single-stranded DNA virus, is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). ORF2 protein (capsid) of PCV2 was recently demonstrated to be a major immunogenable to induce protection in pigs with a prime–boost protocol. In this study, the ORF2 gene of PCV2 was expressed in insect cells. The product self-assembled into particles that were structurally and antigenically indistinguishable from regular PCV2 capsids. To evaluated the immunogenicity of these virus-like particles, PCV2-free piglets were vaccinated with the crude lysate from recombinant baculovirus (Ac.ORF2)-infected insect cells, at doses of 0.1 ml (10⁶ cells), 0.5 ml (5 × 10⁶ cells) or 1.0 ml (10⁷ cells). The immune response was monitored by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PCV2 antibody and lymphocyte proliferation assay. The ELISA results indicated that primary immune response was elicited with 0.5 ml or 1.0 ml of crude lysate from Ac.ORF2. After boost immunization, relatively higher levels of PCV2 antibody were elicited in 0.5-ml or 1.0-ml vaccinated groups, compared to the 0.1-ml group. In addition, higher PCV2 specific lymphocyte proliferation response was developed in piglets vaccinated with 0.5 ml or 1.0 ml of crude lysate, especially in those vaccinated with with 1.0 ml of crude lysate. Thus, the expressed ORF2 protein has significant potential as a subunit vaccine against PCV2 infection.     

Distribution and characterization of IL-10-secreting cells in lymphoid tissues of PCV2-infected pigs

Distribution and characterization of interlukin-10 (IL-10)-secreting cells in lymphoid tissues of pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were evaluated in accordance with PCV2 antigen detection. After screening a total of 56 pigs showing the symptoms of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), 15 pigs were PCV2 positive and 5 pigs, which showed stronger positive signals over multiples tissues were further investigated. This study showed that in PCV2-infected lymphoid tissues, particularly mandibular lymph node, spleen and tonsil, IL-10 expression was mainly localized in T-cell rich areas but rarely in B cell rich areas. IL-10 was highly expressed in bystander cells but rarely in PCV2-infected cells. Elevated IL-10 expression was predominantly associated with T cells, but rarely with B cells or with macrophages. The results of this study provide evidence for the role of IL-10 in chronic PCV2 infection and its relation to PCV2 antigen in affected tissues. Constantly elevated levels of IL-10 lead to immunosuppression in persistent and chronic viral infections. The increased IL-10 expression observed in PCV2 infection in this study suggests that IL-10-mediated immunosuppression may play an important role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of naturally occurring PCV2 infection.     

PCV2通过NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路调控体外培养PAMs分泌IL-1β

为探讨猪圆环病毒2型（porcine circovirus 2,PCV2）诱导猪肺泡巨噬细胞（porcine alveolar macrophages,PAMs）产生白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）的分子机制,试验选取2头PCV2和PRRSV抗原、抗体均为阴性的6周龄普通仔猪,无菌分离PAMs,以体外培养的PAMs为研究对象,采用ELISA方法检测PAMs培养上清液中IL-1β的生成,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测PAMs中NLRP3和凋亡相关点样蛋白（apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,ASC）的mRNA表达水平,分别用小干扰RNA（siRNA）方法和核因子-kappa B（NF-κB）抑制试验分析NLRP3和NF-κB对PCV2诱导PAMs产生IL-1β的调控作用。结果显示,PCV2感染PAMs后能够显著或极显著增加IL-1β、NLRP3（1 h除外）和ASC（1、3 h除外）的生成（P<0.05;P<0.01）。siRNA能使58.3%的NLRP3基因沉默,且NLRP3沉默后PCV2诱导PAMs产生IL-1β的水平显著下降（P<0.05）。NF-κB被抑制后PCV2诱导PAMs产生IL-1β的水平也明显下降。结果表明,PCV2通过NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路调控体外培养PAMs分泌IL-1β。     

猪圆环病毒2型ORF2与T细胞表位基因重组腺病毒表达载体的构建及鉴定

利用腺病毒表达系统表达猪圆环病毒2型（porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2）的ORF2基因与T细胞表位（T cell epitope,TCE）基因,表达的融合蛋白具有反应原性,为研制PCV2新型疫苗奠定基础。以pMD18-T-ORF2、pMD18-T-TCE为模板,采用PCR方法扩增目的基因ORF2和TCE,以多肽接头（Gly₄Ser）₃为连接子,运用重叠延伸PCR技术将2段基因通过连接子（Gly₄Ser）₃进行融合连接。将融合基因定向克隆至腺病毒转移载体pShuttle-CMV构建重组质粒pShuttle-CMV-ORF2-TCE,将该重组质粒用PmeⅠ酶线性化后电转化大肠杆菌BJ5183感受态细胞（内含pAdEasy-1骨架质粒）进行同源重组获得重组腺病毒质粒pAd-ORF2-TCE。PacⅠ酶线性化pAd-ORF2-TCE质粒后转染AD293细胞包装病毒,重组腺病毒经3轮噬斑纯化后获得重组腺病毒rAd-ORF2-TCE,病毒滴度为10^12.3 TCID₅₀/mL。Western blotting及间接免疫荧光试验（indirect immunofluorecent assay,IFA）结果表明融合蛋白得到正确表达。     

ORF1 but not ORF2 dependent differences are important for in vitro replication of PCV2 in porcine alveolar macrophages singularly or coinfected with PRRSV

The objective of this study was to investigate cytokine expression and in vitro replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) emphasizing PCV2 open-reading frame (ORF) origin (PCV2a or PCV2b) and PRRSV strain. Chimeric PCV2 viruses composed of different combinations of ORF1 and ORF2 of PCV2a or PCV2b (chimera PCV2a-2b and chimera PCV2b-2a) were constructed and five different PRRSV isolates were utilized: Type 1 (SD 01-08) or type 2 (NC16845b, VR-2332, MN-184, JA-142). PAMs were infected singularly or with combinations of PCV2b, PCV2a, chimera PCV2a-2b, and chimera PCV2b-2a, and one of the five PRRSV isolates. Real-time PCR was used to test PAMs (PCV2 mRNA) and supernatants (PRRSV RNA, PCV2 DNA, PCV2 mRNA) harvested at 24, 48, 72 and 96h post inoculation (hpi). Levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 were determined by quantitative ELISAs. PCV2 replication in PAMs was limited to groups inoculated with PCV2 strains containing ORF1 of PCV2a (PCV2a, chimera PCV2a-2b). Furthermore, in supernatants, PCV2 mRNA was only detected in groups coinfected with PRRSV regardless of strain at 48hpi supporting an enhancing effect of PRRSV on PCV2 infection. Changes in cytokine levels were minimal and associated with PRRSV strain for TNF-α. In summary, in vitro differences in PCV2 replication in PAMs inoculated with different PCV2-PRRSV combinations were independent of PCV2 ORF2 origin with minimal effects of concurrent PRRSV infection perhaps indicating that PCV2-specific changes in ORF1 may be more important than those in ORF2.     

稳定表达IL-10的PK-15细胞的构建及其在PCV2增殖中的应用

【目的】 研究白细胞介素-10（IL-10）对猪圆环病毒2型（Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2）复制的影响,筛选PCV2高感染性细胞系和提高PCV2病毒滴度,为后续疫苗的研发及IL-10在PCV2感染中的作用研究提供参考。【方法】 利用PCR技术扩增猪IL-10基因,将目的基因与慢病毒表达载体（pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-GFP+Puro）进行连接,获得重组质粒pCDH-CMV-IL-10,将其与包装质粒psPAX2和pMD2.G共转染293T细胞进行慢病毒包装。用收集的慢病毒液感染PK-15细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选后得到细胞株PK-15-IL-10,对照组细胞分别命名为PK-15-pCDH和PK-15。PCV2感染PK-15-IL-10、PK-15-pCDH和PK-15细胞株后,在24、48和72 h分别收集细胞液,利用CCK-8检测细胞活力。利用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting检测IL-10基因的表达水平和PCV2的复制情况;利用间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）观察PCV2在细胞中的复制情况及测定PCV2的病毒滴度（TCID₅₀）。【结果】 试验成功构建了重组质粒pCDH-CMV-IL-10,将其与包装质粒psPAX2和pMD2.G共转染293T细胞后,48 h时细胞状态最好,荧光最强。分别收集共转染48和72 h的慢病毒液上清感染PK-15细胞,pCDH-CMV-IL-10组的荧光最强,将其在嘌呤霉素浓度为2.5 μg/mL的完全培养基中继续培养,获得仍有绿色荧光的稳转细胞株。实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting检测发现,IL-10基因在pCDH-IL-10细胞株中的表达量明显高于对照组PK-15-pCDH和PK-15,PCV2的拷贝数增加了4倍,复制能力增强,且将病毒稀释连续传3代后,PK-15-IL-10细胞中的PCV2极显著高于PK-15细胞（P<0.01）。细胞增殖试验表明,猪IL-10基因在细胞中过表达对细胞活力无明显影响;IFA结果表明,PK-15-IL-10细胞中的荧光比PK-15细胞更强,PCV2在PK-15-IL-10细胞中的TCID₅₀在感染后48 h极显著高于PK-15细胞（P<0.01）。【结论】 本研究成功构建了pCDH-CMV-IL-10的慢病毒表达载体,并利用其感染PK-15细胞,继续培养后筛选出过表达IL-10的PK-15-IL-10细胞株,用PCV2感染该细胞株能促进PCV2在PK-15细胞中的复制。本试验结果为后期疫苗研究提供了参考,为进一步研究IL-10对PCV2在PK-15细胞中复制的影响奠定了基础。     

The studies on the transfection of EGFP-fused porcine circovirus Type 2 genome

This study described construction and transfection of an EGFP-fused Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) genome and the recovery of the virus. Posttransfection, PCV2 (ORF1)-EGFP/pSK, PCV2 (ORF3)-EGFP/pSK, PCV2 (ORF4)-EGFP/pSK and PCV2(ORF5)-EGFP/pSK showed no fluorescent signals in transfected cells, while green fluorescent signals were observed in the nuclei of PK-15 cells after PCV2 (ORF2)-EGFP/pSK transfection. The presence of ORF2-EGFP fusion protein was demonstrated by dual signals of green fluorescence and anti-PCV2 antibodies conjugated with rhodamine in an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Furthermore, the released EGFP-fused PCV2 genome was demonstrated by real-time PCR.     

In vitro studies on the infection and replication of porcine circovirus type 2 in cells of the porcine immune system

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) nucleic acid and/or antigens are consistently observed in cells of monocytic morphology in lesions of pigs affected by post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In this study, PCV2 antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of monocytes, pulmonary macrophages (PMs) and monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to the virus in vitro, by immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) and the phenotype of these cells confirmed by detection of monocytic cell surface markers using flow cytometry. Viral antigen was not observed in lymphocytic cells. Replication of the virus in PMs was investigated further by comparison to that observed in the continuous pig kidney cell line (PK15A) using quantitative virus titration, quantitative PCR and by the detection of double stranded DNA intermediates of viral replication by Southern blotting analyses. Although increases in viral DNA and levels of infectious virus progeny and the presence of replicative intermediates, indicative of viral replication, were observed in PK15A cells, no such changes were observed in PMs in spite of the fact that infectious virus, viral antigen and viral DNA persisted in the cells for at least the duration of the experiment. These results suggest that in vivo, monocytic cells may not represent the primary target for PCV2 replication.     

Quantification of PCV2 capsid transcript in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro

The presence of PCV2 DNA or spliced capsid mRNA (Cap mRNA) for viral replication was assessed following addition of PCV2 to resting or concanavalin A (ConA) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Real-time PCR or real-time RT-PCR assays were used to measure viral DNA or Cap mRNA, respectively. The study demonstrated that PCV2 replication increased in infected PBMCs over time. Replication within infected PBMCs was significantly (P<0.05) increased when PBMCs were stimulated with ConA, compared to unstimulated PBMCs. The data showed a strong correlation between the level of PCV2 Cap mRNA and the level of viral DNA in the ConA stimulated PBMCs. Replication of PCV2 was also assessed in T lymphocyte- and monocyte/macrophage-enriched or monocyte/macrophage-depleted PBMC populations which had been stimulated with ConA for 3 days. It was demonstrated that the enriched T lymphocytes and the monocyte/macrophage-depleted PBMCs had significantly higher Cap mRNA and viral DNA levels (P<0.05) compared to the monocyte/macrophage-enriched population, indicating that in addition to monocytes/macrophages, PCV2 replicates in lymphocytes, particularly T lymphocytes following stimulation. These results suggest that the presence of activated T lymphocytes may play an important role in PCV2 replication and potentially the development of clinical disease.     

Generation and immunogenicity of a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing cap protein of porcine circovirus type 2

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which is an important economical disease affecting the pig industry worldwide. In order to develop an effective vaccine for PMWS, a recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV) was generated and tested in piglets in this study. The PCV2 open reading frame 2 (ORF2) gene was inserted into pIECMV plasmid and co-transfected with PRV Tk-/gE-/LacZ+ genome into IBRS-2 cells to generate a recombinant Tk-/gE-/ORF2(+) virus. The expression of PCV2 ORF2 gene in the recombinant virus was confirmed by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Four-week-old piglets were immunized by the recombinant virus, and the immunogenicity of PRV Tk-/gE-/ORF2(+) was tested by PRV-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), PRV neutralizing assay, ORF2-ELISA and ORF2 specific lymphocyte proliferation response. PRV Tk-/gE-/ORF2(+) elicited significant humoral immune responses to both PRV and PCV2, and the PCV2-specific lymphocyte proliferation response could be detected on day 49 of this experiment. These findings suggest that the recombinant PRV Tk-/gE-/ORF2(+) may be a potential vaccine against both PCV2 and PRV.     

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces porcine circovirus type 2 replication in swine alveolar macrophages

Monocyte/macrophage lineage cells are major target cells of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). From tissues of field pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), both intracytoplasmic and intranuclear PCV2 signals, including antigens and nucleic acid, were easily detected in the monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. However, there was a high incidence of intracytoplasmic PCV2-positive signals, but lack of intranuclear signals and PCV2 replication in these cells in vitro. Concurrent infection with bacteria and activation of immune system are suggested to promote viral replication. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) were used to stimulate PCV2-inoculated alveolar macrophages (AMs). A decrease in intracytoplasmic but increase in intranuclear PCV2-positive signals, including antigens and nucleic acid, were detected in LPS-treated PCV2-inoculated AMs, but not in PMA-treated cells. Additionally, the replication product corresponding to PCV2 spliced major capsid protein (Cap) mRNA and a significant elevation in PCV2 titer were demonstrated in the LPS-treated PCV2-inoculated AMs. The results imply that Gram-negative bacterial co-infection in PCV2-infected pigs may be an important factor in promoting PCV2 replication and contributing, at least partially, to the full development of PMWS.     

V5标记的猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白重组杆状病毒表达载体的构建

试验旨在利用真核表达系统构建V5标记的猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2） Cap蛋白的表达载体。采用基因工程技术将V5标签引入到PCV2 ORF2基因C末端,并将标记基因定向克隆入pFastBacHTA载体,将pFastBacHTA-ORF2-V5重组转移载体转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞,使用脂质体介导法将鉴定后的重组杆状病毒质粒转染于Sf9细胞中;运用间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）、SDS-PAGE和Western blotting试验对Sf9细胞中V5标记Cap蛋白的表达进行验证。结果显示,本试验成功将V5标签引入到PCV2 ORF2基因末端,pFastBacHTA-ORF2-V5重组转移载体转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞后获得了Bacmid-ORF2-V5重组杆状病毒质粒;IFA、SDS-PAGE和Western blotting试验结果显示,在Sf9细胞中能检测到重组杆状病毒V5标记的PCV2 Cap蛋白,具有良好的反应原性,说明本试验成功获得一株rAcMNPV Cap-V5重组杆状病毒。试验结果为PCV2标记亚单位疫苗的研制提供一定的理论依据。     

猪圆环病毒2型GD株ORF2基因重组腺病毒的构建及其表达

根据PCV2ORF2基因的序列设计两条引物从PCV2的PK15细胞培养物中扩增出ORF2基因(702 bp).将此基因片段克隆入pMD 18-T载体,经酶切、测序鉴定筛选出重组质粒pMD-ORF2.将PCV2 ORF2基因克隆入pAdeasy腺病毒载体系统的穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV中,获得重组穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV-ORF2,将重组质粒与腺病毒骨架载体共转化大肠杆菌BJ5183,通过细菌内同源重组获得重组腺病毒质粒pAdCMV-ORF2,然后用PacⅠ线性化后转染293细胞,在293细胞内包装出重组腺病毒.通过荧光显微镜观察、PCR检测和Western blot检测证明PCV2 ORF2基因在293细胞内获得表达,ORF2多肽具有良好的免疫原性.     

小鼠感染猪圆环病毒2型的超微结构病变观察

为探讨猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）对小鼠超微结构的病理损伤及其病毒在细胞内的复制,20只6周龄的昆明小鼠随机平均分成2组（即A组和B组）,A组小鼠经腹腔注射PCV2细胞培养物0.1mL/只（含病毒1 000TCID50）,B组以同样的方式和剂量注射无菌细胞培养液作为对照。于PCV2感染后14d,处死所有小鼠,取其组织做电镜观察和PCV2PCR检测。结果显示,在电镜下,所有PCV2感染鼠的超微结构病变基本一致,主要表现为淋巴器官、心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、脑、肠等脏器实质细胞凋亡或坏死,细胞内线粒体水肿、内质网扩张,间质毛细血管淤血、炎症细胞浸润,并在脾脏、胸腺、淋巴结的淋巴细、巨噬细胞,以及肝细胞,肾足细胞,脑神经细胞的胞浆或胞核内发现病毒包涵体。同时通过PCR检测,所有PCV2感染鼠的组织均可检出PCV2DNA。B组（对照组）小鼠除在淋巴结可见极少数淋巴细胞凋亡外,其他组织均无任何超微结构病变;同时,所有组织也未检出PCV2DNA。由此说明PCV2可在昆明小鼠多脏器实质细胞内复制,并诱导细胞凋亡。     

天津及周边地区猪圆环病毒2型流行情况调查及分离鉴定

为了调查天津及周边地区猪圆环病毒2型（porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2）的感染情况及其分子特征,本研究应用PCR方法对疑似PCV2感染病例开展调查,将阳性病料接种dulac细胞分离病毒,应用PCV2 ORF2基因特异性引物对分离的PCV2进行PCR扩增,克隆、测序后进行核苷酸序列同源性分析。结果显示,不同地区PCV2的阳性率为25.0%~38.1%,其中夏季的阳性率明显高于其他3个季节,达到44.0%;不同阶段猪群中,育肥猪群的PCV2阳性率最高,而哺乳母猪相对较低。经细胞分离得到24株PCV2,其ORF2序列与GenBank中PCV2序列的同源性为87.8%~99.2%,24株分离株之间的同源性为89.4%~100.0%;遗传进化分析显示,24个分离株归属于2个分支。对其中一株分离毒株（Y16155-1株）的体外增殖特性研究表明,第4代接种dulac细胞后6 h即可检出PCV2核酸,72 h病毒含量达到高峰,病毒滴度为10^-4.3 TCID₅₀/0.2 mL。本试验结果为进一步研究该地区PCV2分子流行病学及相关疾病的免疫防控奠定了基础。     

PCV2复制起始区DNA互作蛋白的筛选及PARP1蛋白对病毒复制的调控

旨在筛选PK-15细胞中与猪圆环病毒2型（porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2）复制起始区（origin of replication,Ori）互作的细胞蛋白谱,并初步探究PARP1蛋白对PCV2复制的调控。利用DNA-protein pull down结合LC-MS/MS方法筛选PCV2复制起始区DNA互作蛋白;对互作蛋白进行GO分析以及KEGG通路富集分析,并绘制蛋白互作网络图。在对互作蛋白进行分析的基础上,选择聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶1（PARP1）蛋白,开展了深入研究。构建了PARP1蛋白以及PCV2复制蛋白Rep真核表达质粒,并利用DNA-protein pull down及DNA IP试验验证PARP1蛋白与PCV2 Ori的互作;通过Co-IP试验,研究了PARP1蛋白与PCV2 Rep蛋白的互作;在细胞中过表达或沉默PARP1蛋白,通过qPCR方法检测对PCV2复制的影响。本研究共鉴定到130种可能与Ori互作的宿主蛋白,其中,与DNA功能相关的蛋白共有45种,主要涉及宿主DNA损伤修复及DNA复制功能;验证了PARP1蛋白与PCV2基因组Ori以及Rep蛋白互作。用siRNA沉默PARP1蛋白表达后,PCV2基因组复制效率显著下降,瞬时过表达PARP1蛋白,PCV2基因组复制效率显著提高。综上所述,本研究筛选到130种可能与PCV2 Ori互作的细胞蛋白,发现PARP1蛋白可结合PCV2基因组Ori及Rep蛋白并促进PCV2的复制,为PCV2药物靶点选择及PCV2复制起始过程研究奠定了基础。     

猪圆环病毒2型CC株ORF3基因序列分析及真核表达

根据GenBank中猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的核酸序列,设计了1对引物,采用PCR方法从疑似断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)的死亡仔猪病料中扩增出了ORF3基因,将其克隆到高效真核表达载体pEGFP- N2中,筛选出含有ORF3基因的重组质粒,命名为pEGFP-N2-ORF3.对此重组质粒进行测序分析,结果表明,克隆的ORF3基因与其他PCV2的ORF3核苷酸序列相似性为96.2％-99.0％,氨基酸序列同源性为90.5 ％～98.1％.将重组质粒纯化后转染COS-7细胞,用PCR方法扩增出了特征性的基因片段,并采用特异性单抗进行间接免疫荧光,结果转染pEGFP- N2-ORF3重组蛋白在细胞核和细胞浆中均有表达,尤其在细胞核中表达量较高,且对细胞有一定的毒性.本研究为进一步探讨ORF3的结构和功能提供理论依据.     

ORF9基因缺失突变PCV2的构建与部分生物学特性

设计1对针对猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）全基因组的特异性引物,从疑似断乳仔猪多系统衰竭综合征（PMWS）的病料中经PCR直接扩增出PCV2全基因组,再与载体pMD18-T Simple连接后构建重组质粒pMD18-T Simple-PCV2（命名为P-S-PCV2）。用ORF9特异的限制性内切酶Bpu10Ⅰ对P-S-PCV2进行酶切、补平连接反应,构建了ORF9基因缺失突变的重组质粒（命名为P-S-PCV2-J）。用SacⅡ对基因缺失突变的重组质粒进行酶切,获得的线性化基因突变PCV2基因组在体外进行自身环化,形成了相应缺失基因DNA（命名为PCV2-J）。用PCV2-J缺失突变株进行细胞转染、动物致病性和免疫原性、T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化等部分生物学特性的研究。结果显示：PCV2-J转染IBRS-2细胞后,电镜观察可见病毒颗粒,PCR-RFLP检测有突变株生长;PCV2-J接种仔猪后无临床典型大体病变,PCR-RFLP检测淋巴结中有PCV2-J突变病毒的感染;PCV2-J免疫仔猪后的抗体水平在第2周开始上升,与对照组相比差异显著,CD3＋下降,与对照组无差异,CD4＋下降,第1周与对照组差异显著,CD8＋与对照组差异不显著。结果表明,ORF9基因缺失突变的PCV2仍具有复制感染能力,但免疫原性减弱。     

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells enhance cell proliferation and porcine circovirus type 2 replication in concanavalin A-stimulated swine peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells cooperating with other immune cells for the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The objective of the present study was to investigate the replication activity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in DCs and/or lymphocytes during their cross talk and its possible mechanism. Two models were set, herein. Swine blood monocyte (Mo)-derived DCs (MoDCs) or peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were inoculated with PCV2 prior to their co-cultivation. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (Con A) were used to stimulate MoDCs and PBLs, respectively. During 6 days of cultivation, a high PCV2 antigen-containing rate without detectable intranuclear signals and a slight but significant increase in the copy number of PCV2 genome were detected in PCV2-inoculated MoDCs. The presence of LPS alone or PCV2-free PBLs, however, had no effect on the location of PCV2 antigens or copy number of PCV2 genome in PCV2-inoculated MoDCs. On the contrary, active PCV2 replication occurred in Con A-stimulated PCV2-inoculated PBLs. When compared with blood Mos, MoDCs induced significantly higher cell proliferation and intensified PCV2 replication in Con A-stimulated PCV2-inoculated PBLs, for which direct contact between MoDCs and lymphocytes was required. Among the cytokines secreted by Con A-activated PBLs, interleukin (IL)-2, but not IL-4 or interferon-γ, could induce cell proliferation and PCV2 replication in PCV2-inoculated PBLs. The findings suggest that although MoDCs support only limited PCV2 replication in themselves, their accessory cell function is required for cell proliferation and PCV2 replication in PCV2-infected lymphocytes.     

猪圆环病毒2型DY株ORF2基因在Sf9昆虫细胞中的表达

本试验采用PCR方法扩增出完整的PCV2 ORF2基因,并将其克隆到Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统的转移载体pFastBac1^TM中,获得重组转移载体pFast-ORF2,再将其转化DH10Bac感受态细胞,发生转座反应,通过抗性及蓝白斑筛选获得含有ORF2基因的重组杆粒,通过Cellfectin转染试剂介导将重组杆粒DNA转染Sf9昆虫细胞,获得重组杆状病毒。用该重组杆状病毒感染Sf9昆虫细胞,并通过间接免疫荧光法和Western blotting检测目的蛋白的表达。结果表明,ORF2基因在昆虫细胞中获得表达,表达的蛋白质可被PCV2阳性血清识别,这为进一步研究PCV2亚单位疫苗及诊断抗原奠定了基础。