关于解决饲料安全的几点建议

1饲料安全的定义饲料安全是指饲料中不应含有对饲养动物的健康与生产性能造成实际危害的有毒和有害物质,并且这类有毒和有害物质不会在畜产品中残留、蓄积和转移而危害人体健康或对人类的生存环境构成威胁。     

饲料安全问题产生的原因

饲料安全是动物性食品安全的保证。所谓饲料安全,通常是指饲料产品（包括饲料和饲料添加剂）中不含有对饲养动物健康造成实际危害,而且不会在养殖产品中残留、蓄积和转移的有毒、有害物质或因素;饲料产品以及利用饲料产品生产的养殖产品,不会危害人体健康或对人类的生存环境产生负面影响。现针对饲料安全问题发生的原因进行分析。     

饲料生产与贮用中的安全隐患

随着生活水平的不断提高,动物源性食品的安全问题成为人们日益关注的焦点,而若想生产出安全的动物源性食品,所用饲料必须首先是安全的。所谓饲料安全,通常是指饲料产品中不含有对饲养动物的健康造成实际危害的有毒、有害物质或因素,而且这些物质和因素也不会在畜产品中残留、蓄积和转移,即饲料产品以及利用饲料产品生产的畜产品,不会危害人体健康或对人类的生存环境产生不利的影响。     

加强饲料生产过程控制，确保饲料安全

导读：饲料安全是指饲料中不应含有对饲养动物的健康与生产性能造成实际危害的有毒、有害物质或因素,并且这类有毒、有害物质或因素不会在畜产品中残留、蓄积和转移而危害人体健康或对人类的生存环境构成威胁。从饲料加工角度来看,解决饲料安全要重点把好饲料原料品质关、饲料原料及成品的贮存关、饲料的配方关和饲料的生产加工关等四关。只有严格控制生产加工过程的各个环节,才能确保饲料安全。     

饲料安全问题的紧迫性和对策

饲料安全是指饲料产品（包括饲料和饲料添加剂）中不含有对饲养动物的健康造成实际危害，而且不会在畜产品中残留、蓄积和转移的有毒、有害物质或因素；饲料产品以及利用饲料产品生产的畜产品，不会危害人体健康或对人类的生存环境产生负面影响。     

强化执法监管 发展安全饲料

安全饲料是指不含对饲养动物的健康与生产性能造成实际危害的有毒、有害物质或因素的饲料产品。如果难以做到绝对不含任何有毒、有害物质或因素,也要重点控制它们不造成实际危害,不会在畜禽水产品中残留、蓄积和转移而危害人体健康,或对人类的生存环境构成威胁。我国饲料安全工程近阶段的建设目标是:全国饲料产品总体合格率达到95%以上,添加剂及预混合饲料     

饲料安全存在的问题与对策

所谓饲料安全，通常是指饲料产品(包括饲料和饲料添加剂)中不含有对饲养动物的健康造成实际危害，而且不会在畜产品中残留、蓄积和转移有毒、有害物质或因素，饲料产品以及利用饲料产品生产的畜产品不会危害人体健康或对人类     

饲料工艺与饲料安全

饲料安全，通常是指饲料产品(包括饲料和饲料添加剂)中不含有对饲养动物的健康造成实际危害，而且不会在畜产品中残留，蓄积和转移的有毒、有害物质或因素；饲料产品以及利用饲料产品生产的畜产品，不会危害人体健康或对人类的生存环境产生负面影响。     

饲料安全的营养与技术调控

饲料安全是动物性食品安全的保证。所谓饲料安全，通常是指饲料产品(包括饲料和饲料添加剂)中不含有对动物健康造成实际危害，而且不会在养殖产品中残留、蓄积和转移的有毒、有害物质或因素；饲料产品及利用饲料产品生产的养殖产品，不会危害人体健康或对人类的生存环境产生负面影响。     

饲料安全中存在的问题

所谓饲料安全，通常是指饲料产品(包括饲料和饲料添加剂)中不含有对饲养动物的健康造成实际危害，而且也不会在畜产品中残留、蓄积和转移的有毒、有害物质或因素；饲料产品以及利用饲料产品生产的畜产品，不会危害人体健康或对人类的生存环境产生负面影响。我国现阶段的饲料安全问题是多方面因素共同作用的结果，主要有以下几点：     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

文山黄牛的现状与保种措施

文章阐述了文山黄牛的品种特性、现状和保种措施。文山牛保种可采用原产地活体保种,迁地活体保种和现代生物技术保种等多种方式。文山牛体型较大,性情温顺,产肉性能好、活动敏捷、结构紧凑、肌肉强健、肉品质优良、耐粗饲、适应性广、繁殖力和抗病力均较强等特点。文山牛是云南省一个地方良种,种质资源保护刻不容缓。