低能量日粮中添加酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能的影响

选取192只1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每重复12羽鸡.研究在玉米豆粕杂粕型日粮中降低日粮代谢能水平0.21 MJ/kg并添加酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能的影响.结果表明,酶制剂能提高肉鸡的日增质量,降低采食量,但与正负对照组相比均无显著差异;酶制剂对肉鸡料重比有较好的改善效果,其中添加量100 g/t的C组与正对照相比降低2.21%,与负对照组相比降低7.81%,添加量300 g/t的D组与正对照相比降低2.76%,与负对照相比降低8.33%.另外,添加量在100与300 g/t获得了相近的生产性能,因此该酶制剂的最适添加量为100 g/t.结果显示,酶制剂能提高日粮的代谢能值,该酶制剂在日粮中能量提升至少为0.21 MJ/kg.     

复合酶制剂在肉鸡饲养中的应用效果研究

试验主要研究在不同类型日粮中添加不同剂量复合酶制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响。试验选用健康1日龄AA肉鸡1500只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复50只鸡。试验Ⅰ组为正对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮;试验Ⅱ组为负对照组,日粮代谢能降低50 kcal/kg且加大杂粕使用量;试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组在负对照组日粮基础上分别添加复合酶制剂200、400 g/t和800 g/t配合饲料。结果表明:负对照组平均日增重低于正对照组、加酶Ⅲ组,但与二者之间无显著差异(P>0.05),显著低于加酶Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P<0.05)。负对照组平均日采食量显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。料肉比Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组和负对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),分别降低了4.76%、5.29%、6.35%、6.88%,且加酶Ⅴ组料肉比显著低于正对照组(降低2.26%)(P<0.05)。不同添加量的复合酶都可以有效提高肉鸡养殖经济效益,最好为400 g/t配合饲料添加组,效益达到0.3602元/只。试验说明复合酶制剂在能值降低的玉米杂粕型日粮中应用可显著提高动物生长性能和饲料报酬,产生良好的经济效益。     

低能日粮添加木聚糖酶或复合酶对肉鸡生产性能和养分消化率的影响

试验旨在研究肉鸡低能日粮中添加木聚糖酶或复合酶对肉鸡生产性能和养分消化率的影响。采用单因子的试验设计,试验分6个处理,每个处理8个重复,每重复10只肉仔鸡。6个试验饲粮处理分别为正对照组(PC)、负对照组(NC,在正对照组基础上降低表观代谢能836 kJ/kg)、以及4个在NC基础上的加酶组(分别为处理1:木聚糖酶添加量为4 000 U/kg饲料;处理2:木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶和蛋白酶分别为300 U/kg、400 U/kg和4 000 U/kg饲料;处理3:木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶和蛋白酶分别为:1383U/kg6、7U/kg和667U/kg;处理4:木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶和蛋白酶分别为2 766 U/kg、134 U/kg和1 334 U/kg)。试验结果表明,与PC相比,NC降低了肉鸡的增重、提高了料肉比(P<0.05);与NC相比,4个加酶组提高增重3%~10%和改善料肉比2%~8%(P<0.05),加酶后NC组肉鸡的生产性能达到了PC水平。NC降低了干物质、粗蛋白和能量的表观消化率(P<0.05),加酶组对养分消化率具有提高作用,且达到了PC水平;木聚糖酶和复合酶两种酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能和养分消化率的影响差异不显著,处理3和4两组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,在降低代谢能836 kJ/kg的肉鸡饲粮中添加木聚糖酶或复合酶,能够使肉鸡的生产性能和养分消化率得以补偿,低能负对照饲粮加酶后能够使肉鸡的生产性能达到与正对照组相同水平。     

玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能和内源酶活性的影响

试验选用270羽1日龄艾维茵健康肉仔鸡,随机分成3组,研究了玉米-豆粕型日粮条件下添加不同水平的木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能和内源酶活性的影响。结果表明,添加25g/t和50g/t的木聚糖酶可提高肉鸡的日增重,降低料重比;提高胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶酶活力,同时亦显著提高了肉鸡的生产效益。     

玉米-杂粕型日粮中添加复合酶对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响

为研究探讨玉米-杂粕型日粮中添加复合酶对黄羽肉鸡生产性能的影响,试验选取420羽1日龄黄羽肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复28羽,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅱ-Ⅴ组日粮在基础日粮中分别添加50g/t、100 g/t、150 g/t和200g/t复合酶,于1、28和56d称重,计算生产性能.结果表明,在1～28...     

复合酶制剂对饲喂高粱饲粮肉仔鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究高粱饲粮中添加复合酶制剂对爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡生长性能、表观代谢能、蛋白质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。选取1日龄AA肉仔鸡1 200只,随机分为6个组,每个组10个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(1~21日龄含8%高粱,22~35日龄含15%高粱),试验组分别饲喂添加不同高粱专用酶组合(复合酶制剂A、B、C、D和E)的基础饲粮,试验期35 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,复合酶制剂B能显著提高肉仔鸡的平均体重(P0.05),显著提高肉仔鸡的欧洲综合指数(EPI)(P0.05),改善了肉仔鸡的成活率和料重比(P0.05),提高了饲粮表观代谢能和蛋白质表观消化率(P0.05);各复合酶制剂对肉仔鸡血清生化指标未产生显著影响(P0.05)。综合各项测定指标,在本试验条件下,高粱饲粮中添加复合酶制剂能改善肉仔鸡的生长性能;结合复合酶的酶谱表明,复配高粱酶制剂时应该考虑提高果胶酶和蛋白酶的配比。     

饲用复合酶制剂对肉鸡的屠宰性能及肠道健康的影响

研究旨在探讨饲用复合酶制剂对肉仔鸡肠道健康的影响。按重复组体重一致的原则,试验分1个对照组和3个试验组:分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+酶制剂(试验1组)、低能量日粮+酶制剂(试验2组)、低能量日粮(试验3组)。饲养周期42 d,测定存活率、均重、日增重、日采食量、消化道生理、屠宰性能、肠道微生物数量。结果表明,在饲料中直接添加饲用复合酶能改善肉仔鸡的生产性能,降低饲料能量后添加酶制剂对肉仔鸡的生产性能不但没有负面影响,还有改善肉鸡生产性能的趋势,饲用复合酶制剂对屠宰性能和肠道微生物数量无显著影响。     

复合酶制剂对1～42日龄文昌鸡生产性能的影响

为研究复合酶制剂对1~42日龄文昌鸡商品肉鸡生产性能的影响,选用来源相同、体重相近且健康的1日龄文昌鸡18 000只,随机分为4组,其中1个组作为对照组,各组设3个重复,每个重复1500只。分别饲喂添加1、2和3g/kg复合酶制剂的基础日粮。试验期42d。结果显示:3g/kg酶制剂组平均日增重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05);3g/kg酶制剂组死亡率低于对照组。结果表明日粮中添加3g/kg复合酶制剂能提高文昌鸡商品肉鸡生产性能。     

复合酶制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能和养分利用率的影响

试验旨在研究复合酶制剂对饲喂玉米-豆粕型低能量水平日粮肉仔鸡生长性能和养分组,对照组(8个重复)饲喂玉米-豆粕型低能量水平基础日粮;复合酶制剂组(10个重复)饲喂添加250 mg/kg复合酶制剂的试验日粮,每个重复25只鸡。试验期35 d。试验二为笼养试验,试验选取8日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡300只,分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮;低能组饲喂在对照组基础上降低0.63 MJ/kg能量水平的日粮;复合酶制剂组饲喂在低能日粮中添加220 mg/kg复合酶制剂的日粮。试验二为8～22日龄进行。试验于第14～17 d采用全收粪法测定各试验组日粮的养分利用率。试验一结果表明:复合酶制剂组较对照组改善试验前期(0～21 d)和全期(0～35 d)体增重和采食量、试验前期(0～21 d)的料重比和体重(21 d和35 d)(P0.05)。试验二结果表明:(1)对照组料重比、能量利用率和表观代谢能显著优于低能组(P0.05);(2)复合酶制剂组显著提高低能组表观代谢能并降低其变异(P0.05),能量利用率和表观代谢能与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,在玉米-豆粕型低能日粮中添加复合酶制剂能改善肉仔鸡生长性能、料重比和表观代谢能,并降低代谢能变异。     

复合酶制剂在肉鸡低能低蛋白日粮中的应用

为研究复合酶制剂在低能低蛋白日粮中对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道形态结构、盲肠挥发性脂肪酸和肠道微生物菌群的影响,试验选取1日龄健康罗斯肉仔鸡320只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡。正对照组（CK组）饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,负对照组（FK组）饲喂降能降蛋白的玉米-豆粕型日粮（其中粗蛋白质降低0.5%,代谢能降低50kcal/kg）|试验组A和B分别在负对照组饲粮基础上添加500 g/t和1000 g/t复合酶制剂,试验期42 d。结果表明：（1）与正对照组相比,添加复合酶制剂组料肉比显著降低了0.07（P < 0.05）,末均重分别比正对照组增加34 g和46 g|（2）与对照组相比,试验组A血清中白蛋白、尿素氮和葡萄糖水平显著提高（P < 0.05）|（3）试验组绒毛高度较对照组显著提高95 μm,且试验组A隐窝深度显著降低8.6 μm（P < 0.05）|（4）添加复合酶制剂提高了乙酸、丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸的生成水平,其中试验组B总VFA生成量最高,显著高于正对照组1.7 mg/g（P < 0.05）|（5）α多样性结果显示,试验组A的ACE指数和Chao1指数显著高于负对照组（P < 0.05）,试验组A肠道菌群丰度增加。综上所述,在本试验条件下,添加复合酶制剂可以提高肉鸡生产性能和机体能量供应,同时也提高了小肠绒毛高度及肠道菌群丰度,其中以添加 500 g/t 效果最佳。 [关键词] 复合酶制剂|低能低蛋白日粮|生产性能|血清生化指标|肠道形态结构|盲肠挥发性脂肪酸|肠道微生物菌群     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.