黄芪多糖注射液含量测定中水浴温度与时间的影响

黄芪性微温、味甘，具有补气固表、排毒利尿、增强免疫之功效。主要药理成分为黄芪甙与黄芪多糖，兽医领域中黄芪多糖注射液应用较为广泛。由于提取工艺、检测手段、制剂水平等多种因素影响注射液中黄芪多糖含量测定。笔者就分光光度法测定黄芪多糖含量中水浴温度与时间对结果的影响作了一次探讨。１仪器与试药可见紫外／可见分光光度计（UV７５１GD上海分析仪器总厂）、葡萄糖对照品（成都科龙化工试剂厂）、黄芪多糖注射液（四川鼎尖动物药业有限公司），其余试剂均为分析纯。２实验方法和结果２．１溶液的配制２．１．１对照品溶液的配…     

黄芪多糖粉剂和注射剂对雏鸡免疫功能和生产性能的影响试验

以黄芪多糖粉剂,黄芪多糖注射液作为免疫增强剂,以盐酸左旋咪唑药物对照,通过对雏鸡添饲黄芪多糖粉剂和肌内注射黄芪多糖注射液后观察其对雏鸡免疫功能和生产性能的影响试验.结果表明,黄芪多糖粉剂,黄芪多糖注射液和盐酸左旋咪唑对雏鸡均有较好的免疫增强作用,黄芪多糖粉剂和黄芪多糖注射液在促进新城疫抗体效价方面作用相似,与盐酸左旋咪唑作用效果差异较小;在提高增重和E玫瑰花环形成率方面黄芪多糖粉剂和黄芪多糖注射液效果相当,且均优于盐酸左旋咪唑.     

黄芪多糖粉剂和注射剂对雏鸡免疫功能和生长的影响比较

以黄芪多糖粉剂、黄芪多糖注射液作为免疫增强剂，以盐酸左旋咪唑为药物对照，通过给雏鸡添饲黄芪多糖粉剂和肌内注射黄芪多糖注射液后观察其对雏鸡免疫功能和生产性能的影响。结果表明，黄芪多糖粉剂、黄芪多糖注射液和盐酸左旋咪唑对雏鸡均有较好的免疫增强作用，黄芪多糖粉剂和黄芪多糖注射液在促进新城疫抗体效价方面作用相似，与盐酸左旋咪唑作用效果差别较小；在提高增重和E玫瑰花环形成率方面黄芪多糖粉剂和黄芪多糖注射液效果相当，但均优于盐酸左旋咪唑。     

不同免疫增强剂对肉鸡禽流感免疫效果的影响试验

试验选用盐酸左旋咪唑,黄芪多糖粉剂,黄芪多糖注射液作为免疫增强剂,并设空白对照组,观察其对肉鸡禽流感免疫效果和生产性能的影响。结果表明,黄芪多糖粉剂,黄芪多糖注射液和盐酸左旋咪唑对肉鸡禽流感均有较好的免疫增强作用,黄芪多糖粉剂和黄芪多糖注射液在促进肉鸡禽流感抗体效价方面作用相似,与盐酸左旋咪唑作用效果差异不显著;在提高增重和E玫瑰花环形成率方面黄芪多糖粉剂和黄芪多糖注射液效果相当,且均优于盐酸左旋咪唑。     

复方盐酸左旋咪唑注射液含量测定方法的建立

[目的]建立复方盐酸左旋咪唑注射液中黄芪多糖与盐酸左旋咪唑含量测定方法.[方法]采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定黄芪多糖的含量;采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸左旋咪唑的含量.[结果]黄芪多糖含量测定简便、可靠;盐酸左旋咪唑在40～360μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9996.[结论]本试验所采用的黄芪多糖、盐酸左旋咪唑含量测定方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于复方盐酸左旋咪唑注射液中黄芪多糖、盐酸左旋咪唑的含量测定.     

黄芪多糖注射液(APS)对雏鸡淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响

将7日龄45羽健康罗曼雏鸡随机分为正常对照组,生理盐水对照组和黄芪多糖注射液组,每组15羽。后两组每日皮下注射无菌生理盐水和黄芪多糖注射液0.5mL。分别在试验前(7日龄),试验后4d、8d、18d、28d、采血进行淋巴细胞计数。实验结果表明,黄芪多糖注射液组淋巴细胞数量明显高于前两组。而且,黄芪多糖注射液组的ANAE染色阳性淋巴细胞的百分率显著增高,与生理盐水组和对照组比较,经统计学处理均有非常显著的意义(P<0.01),提示黄芪多糖注射液对雏鸡外周血液中的淋巴细胞数量和T淋巴细胞的百分率有明显的增进作用。     

黄芪多糖注射液配合地塞米松治疗山羊痘有奇效

山羊痘是由山羊痘病毒感染引起的传染病,该病目前尚无特效治法,多年来,笔者探索得出了用黄芪多糖注射液配合地塞米松治疗该病取得了很好的效果,现报告于后。方法是,用黄芪多糖注射液5~10ml,地塞米松注射液2~5mg,混合一次肌肉注射,1日1次,连用3~5次。黄芪多糖注射液是由中草药黄芪提取物黄芪多糖制成的注射剂,有些厂家的商品名叫抗病毒1号,或叫干扰素、疫毒清,还有的生产有黄芪多糖复方制剂。黄芪多糖具有干扰病毒繁殖、生长,起到抗病毒的作用,同时,它参与机体的免疫,提高机体的免疫力,提高机体抗病毒的能力,且它有一定的抗菌解热作用。所以…     

黄芪多糖对幼犬淋巴细胞转化的影响及其抗氧化作用初探

目的:研究注射不同剂量黄芪多糖对幼犬淋巴细胞转化的影响及其抗氧化作用。方法:24只4月龄中华田园犬随机分为四组:正常对照组(生理盐水)、低剂量组(黄芪多糖注射液0.1 mg·kg-1)、中剂量组(黄芪多糖注射液0.5 mg·kg-1)和高剂量组(黄芪多糖注射液1 mg·kg-1)。检测黄芪多糖对幼犬的淋巴细胞转化、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果:黄芪多糖显著促进幼犬淋巴细胞转化,提高血清T-SOD活力,降低血清MDA含量。结论:黄芪多糖可显著提高幼犬免疫力和抗氧化功能。     

猪传染性胃肠炎诊断与不同治疗方法的疗效观察

本研究针对鱼台县疑似患猪传染性胃肠炎的30～45日龄仔猪,通过临床症状、病理剖检和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒抗体检测ELISA诊断试剂盒确诊为猪传染性胃肠炎。随机抽取四圈57头患猪,按圈分成4组,分别用黄芪多糖-紫锥菊注射液+复方硫酸安普霉素注射液穴位注射、黄藤素注射液+氟苯尼考注射液、黄芪多糖注射液+烟酸诺氟沙星溶液、利巴韦林注射液+硫酸庆大霉素注射液治疗。试验结果表明:黄芪多糖-紫锥菊注射液+复方硫酸安普霉素注射液穴位注射的组方在该地区的治疗效果最好,其次是黄藤素注射液+氟苯尼考注射液的组方、黄芪多糖注射液+烟酸诺氟沙星溶液组方,利巴韦林注射液+硫酸庆大霉素注射液的组方的效果最差。     

黄芪多糖注射液中非法添加地塞米松磷酸钠的检查方法研究

为了建立黄芪多糖注射液中非法添加地塞米松磷酸钠的高效液相检查方法,对其专属性、准确性、检测限、柱温、流动相比例、流动相pH值和色谱柱变化进行考察。结果表明,黄芪多糖注射液对地塞米松磷酸钠的检查无干扰,峰纯度指示、光谱相似度能够满足要求;拟定黄芪多糖注射液中地塞米松磷酸钠的检测限为0．1mg／mL,对应黄芪多糖注射液中含量0．01％;平均回收率为98．9％;改变试验条件后对分离度、峰纯度指示、光谱相似度进行考察,仍能满足要求。     

Diagnosis of avian viral diseass by electron microscopy.

Clinical material from avian species was examined directly by electron microscopy for the presence of viruses. Mycoplasma-like and coronavirus-like particles were found in chicken feces. These particles did not appear to be associated with disease and were not propagated in the laboratory. Infectious bursal disease virus was readily detected in impression smears of bursas from experimentally infected birds. Poxviruses were demonstrated in smears made from canarypox lesions. Difficulty in distinguishing intact particles of Newcastle disease virus from mycoplasmas and orthomyxoviruses was resolved by treating viral preparations with deoxycholate. After treatment, Newcastle disease virus was lysed, rendering the nucleocapsid visible, whereas influenza virus was mainly unaffected. Viral particles that were recognized only with difficulty by direct elecron microscopic examination were more easily identified using immunoelectron microscopy.     

Amino acids in bovine sera

Examination by electron microscopy of faeces from two separate cases of young cats with diarrhoea revealed the presence of 28 nm viral particles morphologically consistent with an astro-virus. No visible cytopathic effect was observed when the virus was inoculated into a feline kidney cell culture.     

Detection of astrovirus in the faeces of cats with diarrhoea

Examination by electron microscopy of faeces from two separate cases of young cats with diarrhoea revealed the presence of 28 nm viral particles morphologically consistent with an astrovirus. No visible cytopathic effect was observed when the virus was inoculated into a feline kidney cell culture.     

Electron microscopy studies on the proliferation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell cultures. III. Morphogenesis in cytoplasm]

The previous parts have been concerned with the participation of the cell nucleus in the formation of the RNA of FMD virus. However, the actual morphogenesis of the virus takes place in cytoplasm. In BHK cells, changes attributable to virus infection were visible by the second hour, with the formation of threads and large polysome complexes near the nucleus. Viral particles soon appeared between these structures. There were no pronounced foci of viroplasma, and it seemed that they were not necessary. Simultaneously new membranes formed in the cell. Clumps of viral particles were next visible in the cxtoplasma. The clumps became enveloped and were transported in this way to the periphery of the cell. Elsewhere there was uptake of particles in autophagic vacuoles, an expression of cellular defensive processes. In ultra-thin sections the virions measured 21-25 nm. Within vacuoles the inner part of the virus, the nucleoid, showed greater contrast than the periphery, the capsid. At first there were only slight changes in mitochondria. Liberation of virus by cell rupture occurred only after severe damage to the cell, particularly the lysosome membranes.     

表达H5N1亚型禽流感HA、NA、 M1基因的重组杆状病毒的鉴定

为证实插入了禽流感HA、NA、M1、M2、NP基因的重组杆状病毒的表达物为具有禽流感形态的病毒样颗粒,对表达产物进行电镜、Western Blot、ELISA检测。蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化表达产物,电镜观察,可见禽流感病毒样颗粒;以Western Blot方法用HA、NA、M1抗体检测表达产物和纯化产物,可见特异性条带;NA多抗为捕获抗体、HA单抗为检测抗体建立夹心ELISA方法,检测表达产物,结果为阳性。结果显示,插入了禽流感HA、NA、M1、M2、NP的重组杆状病毒能够表达禽流感病毒样颗粒。     

Local airborne particulate concentration is associated with visible tracheal mucus in Thoroughbred racehorses

Reason for performing study: Accumulations of tracheal mucus assessed by endoscopic examination are associated with poor performance in racehorses. The air quality in horses' stalls may contribute to this visible tracheal mucus. Objectives: To determine whether the concentration and number of airborne particulates in stalls are associated with visible accumulations of tracheal mucus and with the number of inflammatory cells in tracheal aspirates. Methods: We studied 107 racehorses from 3 stables, in 3 different months, and measured airborne particulate matter 3 times daily in each of the stalls. On each monthly visit, horse airways were examined endoscopically and assigned a mucus score, and tracheal lavage was performed. Bivariate procedures, general estimating equations and linear mixed models were applied to estimate the association between PM and the presence of accumulations of mucus and number of inflammatory cells. Results: Stable, stall, month and PM were all significantly associated with the presence of accumulations of tracheal mucus, which had an overall prevalence of 67%. The odds of horses having visible accumulation of mucus were increased when horses occupied enclosed stables or stalls with higher particulate concentrations, and when concentrations of larger particles (≤10 µm in diameter) were elevated. Sixty‐eight percent of tracheal wash samples contained more than 20% neutrophils. Increased numbers of neutrophils were associated with the concentration of smaller particles (≤2.5 µm in diameter). Potential relevance: Careful consideration of stable construction and management practices focused on maintaining the lowest possible dust concentrations throughout the day should reduce the prevalence of visible accumulations of tracheal mucus, potentially improving racing performance.     

复方黄芪金银花颗粒剂的质量标准研究

建立了控制复方黄芪金银花颗粒的质量标准。采用薄层层析对颗粒中女贞子、金银花、黄芪、枸杞子进行了薄层鉴别以及双光束紫外-可见光分光光度法测定了颗粒中绿原酸的含量。结果显示,薄层鉴别方法专属性强,绿原酸在42.24～84.48μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线回归方程为：A=0.0053×C-0.0012（r=0.9999,n=5）;样品在24 h内稳定,RSD=0.733%;加样平均回收率为102.094%,RSD=0.499%;该方法精密度高,RSD=0.382%。本质量标准可有效控制复方黄芪金银花颗粒的质量。     

Fetal maceration and retention of fetal bones in a mare

A 19-year-old Quarter Horse mare was evaluated because of bloody vaginal discharge that was apparent immediately following breeding. On transrectal ultrasonography, it was evident that the uterus was filled with fluid containing echogenic particles; linear hyperechoic structures were also visible. Endoscopy was performed, which revealed a number of bones adhered to the cranial wall and floor of the right uterine horn as well as purulent fluid in both uterine horns. Bacterial endometritis and fetal maceration were diagnosed. The mare was treated with antibiotics, and the fetal bones were manually removed from the uterus. Fetal maceration with intrauterine retention of bones is rare in mares. Use of hysteroscopy supplements ultrasonography in the diagnosis of uncommon conditions of the uterus. Macerated bones may be adhered to the endometrium, thereby requiring manual removal.     

A tissue culture infection test in routine rabies diagnosis.

A cell culture infection test was developed for the isolation of rabies virus from field cases submitted for rabies diagnosis. The procedure involved the addition of a suspension of suspect brain tissue to a suspension of murine neuroblastoma cells in 96-well microtiter plates. The cultures were then incubated at 35-36 degrees C for four days at which time they were fixed, stained with a fluorescein-labelled hamster antirabies antibody conjugate and examined with a fluorescence microscope. Rabies antigen in cells was readily visible as brilliant, apple-green fluorescent particles. This technique was compared with the standard mouse inoculation test and was at least as sensitive to infection with small amounts of virus, required a much shorter test period and was substantially more economical than the mouse inoculation test. The new cell culture test is now in use at this laboratory, replacing the mouse inoculation test.     

Effect of immune-mediated erythrocyte agglutination on analysis of canine blood using a multichannel blood cell counting system

Blood from six dogs with in vitro immune-mediated erythrocyte agglutination resulted in analytical errors in directly measured counting and sizing functions on a multichannel blood analysis system with histogram capability. Errors in the directly measured values, mean cell volume (MCV), and erythrocyte count were attributed to agglutinated erythrocyte particles that persisted during the relatively short reagent contact time of the analysis. Agglutinated particles less than 240 fl were visible on erythrocyte histograms and resulted in a false low erythrocyte count and false high MCV. Agglutinated cell particles greater than 240 fl were not present on the histogram scale. Because these latter particles exceeded the upper threshold, they did not influence determination of MCV, but resulted in a further decrease in the erythrocyte count. As a result, the other dependent erythrocyte indices were in error. These included false low hematocrit and false high mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), when compared to corrected reference blood values. Similar errors occurred when analyzing blood samples that were agglutinated in vitro by incubating erythrocytes with incompatible plasma. The counting and sizing errors observed with electronic counting techniques were eliminated or greatly reduced by incubating blood in cell counting diluent for 10 minutes followed by analysis on a single channel counter with attached particle size analyzer. Error in erythrocyte measurement on a multichannel system may be anticipated if there is overt erythrocyte agglutination in a blood sample, an abnormally high MCHC is reported by the system, or subpopulations of large volume (agglutinated cells) are observed on a volume distribution histogram.