小麦日粮粘滞性及小麦黏度的研究

１９２ 只１４ 日龄肉仔鸡分为３ 组，每组设４ 个重复，每个重复１６ 只鸡。以玉米－ 豆粕日粮为对照组，３０ ％ 、６０ ％ 的小麦日粮为处理组，３ 组表观代谢能和粗蛋白质水平相同。用Ｃｒ２Ｏ３ 作为指示剂，测定了各组日粮通过消化道的速度和小肠食糜的相对黏度， 并在不同的酸碱条件下提取小麦样品， 测定提取物的相对黏度。研究表明：日粮中加入小麦后，降低了食糜在消化道内的流通速度。对照、３０ ％ 小麦和６０ ％ 小麦组８０ ％ Ｃｒ２ Ｏ３ 的通过时间分别为５ 、７ 和８ 小时。同时提高了肉仔鸡肠道食糜的黏度，小麦用量愈多食糜黏度愈大。３０ ％ 和６０ ％ 小麦日粮进食后２ 小时食糜黏度分别高于对照组１７ ．６ ％ 和４８ ．９ ％ ，４ 小时后分别高于对照组２８ ．１ ％ 和６３ ．７ ％ ，其中６０ ％ 小麦日粮黏度增加达到显著水平（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。用０ ．１ｍｏｌ ＮａＯＨ、０ ．１ｍ ｏｌ ＨＣｌ 和水在４０ ℃下分别提取小麦时，０ ．１ｍｏｌ ＮａＯＨ 小麦提取液黏度极显著高于０ ．１ ｍｏｌ ＨＣｌ 和水提取液黏度（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ，分别为６ ．２２ 、２ ．５７ 和２ ．３８ 。０ ．１ｍｏｌ ＮａＯＨ 提取液黏度与可溶性非淀粉多糖（ＮＳＰ，下同） 含量之间存在     

木聚糖酶对0～3周龄肉仔鸡肠道食糜黏度和生产性能的影响

1120只AA肉鸡,四种日粮小麦水平30%、40%、50%和60%,四种酶添加量0mg/kg、5mg/kg、10mg/kg、15mg/kg,组合成16种日粮处理,用来研究木聚糖酶对肉鸡肠道食糜黏度和肉仔鸡生产性能的影响.试验结果表明添加木聚糖酶后,可以提高肉鸡1-21日龄的生产性能,并且酶的添加量越高,生产性能的提高幅度越大,但是添加木聚糖酶水平之间没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).日粮中小麦水平越高,肉鸡肠道食糜黏度越大(P＜0.05).添加木聚糖酶后肠道食糜黏度降低(P＜0.05),各酶水平之间未见显著性差异.经回归分析,肠道食糜黏度的下降与肉仔鸡平均日增重和饲料转化效率之间有直线回归关系,其中与饲料转化效率之间回归方程为FCR=1.523+0.201ln(Ⅴ)(R2=0.649),说明肠道食糜黏度对饲料转化效率的影响较大.     

米曲霉发酵粗酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能和食糜黏度的影响

选择健康、体重一致的1日龄商品代AA肉鸡960只随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复30只,研究分别在玉米-豆粕型日粮和玉米-小麦-豆粕型日粮中添加粗酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能和食糜黏度的影响。结果表明,添加粗酶制剂显著降低了肉鸡的料重比(P<0.05),有提高肉鸡1~42日龄日增重和出栏体重的趋势(P<0.10);在玉米-小麦-豆粕型日粮中添加粗酶制剂可以显著降低肉鸡食糜的黏度(P<0.05)。结果揭示,添加粗酶制剂可以降低肉鸡肠道内食糜的黏度,改善肉鸡的生产性能。     

不同日粮添加NSP酶对断奶仔猪食糜黏度、挥发性脂肪酸及肠道形态的影响

本试验旨在研究在玉米-豆粕型日粮和小麦-豆粕型日粮中添加非淀粉多糖(NSP)酶对断奶仔猪肠道食糜黏度、挥发性脂肪酸及肠道形态的影响。选用128头健康的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,按性别、体重分为4个处理,即以玉米为基础日粮组(试验1组),玉米为基础日粮降低能量加酶组(试验2组)、小麦为基础日粮组(试验3组)及小麦为基础日粮加酶组(试验4组)。每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪。结果表明:玉米-豆粕型日粮加酶对空肠和回肠食糜黏度没有影响,但有降低趋势;小麦-豆粕型日粮添加NSP酶显著降低了空肠食糜黏度(P<0.05);2种日粮加酶均增加回肠和盲肠挥发性脂肪酸的浓度,提高十二指肠、空肠前段及空肠后段绒毛的高度(P<0.01)。结果提示,2种日粮中添加NSP酶,不同程度的降低肠道食糜黏度、增加回肠、盲肠挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度并改善肠道形态。     

小麦中非淀粉多糖微生物降解效果的研究

采用的标准菌株黑曲霉3.316,康氏木霉3.590,构巢曲霉2438和黑曲霉3.452,为安全可饲用的阿拉伯木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶生产菌株,将菌株活化,扩大培养后,初次测定阿拉伯木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶活性.以小麦为原料进行固体发酵,分析比较发酵前后小麦中戊聚糖含量的变化,发酵前后小麦提取液黏度的变化,以及发酵前后小麦营养成分的变化.结果表明:发酵后戊聚糖含量分别降低了35.98%、12.95%、34.39%和40.72%,与对照组相比差异显著;发酵后小麦提取液黏度分别降低了79.29%、77.72%、75.89%和82.01%,与对照组相比差异显著;粗蛋白含量分别提高了58.31%、34.67%、6.79%和57.69%.     

高黏度谷物代替玉米作能量饲料的实验猪饲粮配方

1 高黏度谷物作能量饲料需添加专用酶制剂 小麦、大麦、稻谷为高黏度谷物,其种皮、护颖和皮壳的细胞壁中含有较多的非淀粉多糖(NSP),其中尤其是以阿拉伯木聚糖和β-葡聚糖为主要成分的水溶性非淀粉多糖(SNSP),能吸收大量水分,使食糜黏度提高,严重影响养分消化吸收,降低猪的增重和饲料转化效率.因此,以小麦、大麦、稻谷代替玉米作猪饲粮的能量饲料,需添加以本聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶为主体的复合酶制剂(如溢多酶 838A,添加量0.7—1.0kg／t),以降低食糜黏度,改善消化,提高增重与饲料转化效率(见表2饲粮1—1不加酶与1—2加酶的饲养效果对比).……     

低黏度小麦及戊聚糖酶用于断奶仔猪日粮的效果研究

选择 35日龄断奶仔猪 90头 ,随机分为 3组 ,分别饲喂玉米—豆粕、小麦—豆粕、小麦—豆粕 戊聚糖酶日粮 ,每组 3个重复。各组日粮营养水平相同。检测日粮类型及酶制剂对仔猪 35～ 4 9日龄生产性能、养分消化率、腹泻率及经济效益的影响。结果表明 ,低黏度小麦用于 35日龄断奶仔猪日粮 ,合理配合 ,使仔猪 35～ 4 9日龄日增重、采食量和饲料转化效率分别提高 2 6 2 8%、18 2 9%和9 375 %。腹泻发生率降低 8 2 5 % ,仔猪每增重 1kg饲料投入减少 0 2 9元。小麦日粮中添加 0 0 5 %戊聚糖酶制剂有效降低仔猪腹泻发生率 (6 3 74 % ) ,显著提高日粮Ca的消化率 (9 2 1% ,P <0 .0 5 )。     

NSP酶制剂对生长鹅小肠食糜黏度及盲肠微生物数量的影响

选择300只29日龄生长鹅进行28 d的饲养试验,研究在高纤维基础日粮中分别添加0.2%和0.4%的NSP酶制剂对生长鹩小肠食糜黏度及盲肠微生物数量的影响.对小肠食糜黏度的研究结果显示:0.2%与0.4%的NSP酶制剂对十二指肠食糜相对黏度的下降幅度分别为9.43%和10.69%(P<0.05),对空肠食糜相对黏度的下降幅度分别为10.74%和12.81%(P<0.05),对回肠食糜相对黏度的下降幅度分别为14.11%和15.03%(P<0.05).对盲肠微生物数量的研究结果显示:0.2%与0.4%的NSP酶制剂对盲肠大肠杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌均无显著影响(P>0.05).     

脑外伤大鼠血液黏度、气体变化及其相关性研究

目的：探讨脑外伤大鼠血液黏度和气体短期内的变化规律及其相关性,探寻其变化规律并分析变化原因。方法：通过大鼠脑外伤模型检测大鼠脑外伤后不同时间点右心房混合静脉血血液黏度和血液气体的变化。结果：脑外伤后血液黏度和对照组比较显著增高（P〈0.05）,在伤后30 min、1 d出现2次高峰;血液pH值在伤后30 min、1 d出现2次低峰,PCO2在伤后30 min、1 d出现2次高峰,PO2在伤后出现下降,12 h达到低峰。结论：脑外伤可致血液黏度增高、血液pH值下降、PCO2升高、PO2下降。     

木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

768羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6个处理,每个处理分8个重复,每个重复16羽肉仔鸡(公母各半)。6个处理分别为玉米-豆粕型日粮添加木聚糖酶0和1000IU/kg处理组,小麦-玉米-豆粕型日粮添加木聚糖酶0,500,1000和1500IU/kg处理组。试验采用4层立体网上养殖(使用上面3层),饲养周期为1～6周龄(前期和中期)。研究玉米和小麦基础日粮中单独使用木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明:玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加1000IU/kg的木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡前期和后期的生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05),但有改善的趋势;小麦-玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加木聚糖酶提高了肉仔鸡的采食量,改善了肉仔鸡的饲料转化效率(P<0.05);小麦-玉米-豆粕型日粮中3个木聚糖酶添加水平之间对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响,同样对肠道食糜黏度无影响,提示在本研究条件下500IU/kg木聚糖酶能满足分解木聚糖的需要;尽管小麦-玉米-豆粕型添加木聚糖酶改善了动物生产性能,但仍显著低于玉米-豆粕型日粮,提示在生产实践中单独添加一种酶的作用是有限的。     

畜禽粪便厌氧发酵沼液过膜特性的改善研究

通过对沼液稳定体系的特征性判别以及处理条件正交试验的筛选,实现了既提高过膜通量,又保证了较高营养物保留率的目的。得出结论:1)沼液不是典型单一的胶体或乳状液体系,仅调节pH值对于改善其过膜性能影响不大;2)经药剂处理后,沼液的过膜通量相比原液有不同程度提高,最高可达2377.97%;3)经药剂处理后,沼液中的氨基酸有不同程度的损失,最高可保留65.53%;4)综合考虑过膜通量及氨基酸保留率的最优处理条件为pH=7.5,药剂为FeCl₃·6H₂O,投加量为0.005 mol·L^-1。     

Food intake and ingredient profile affect viscosity of ileal digesta of dogs

Two experiments were conducted to determine dietary factors affecting digesta viscosity. In experiment 1, six ileal-cannulated dogs were either full (607.1 kJ/BW0.67) or restricted (303.5 kJ/BW0.67) fed. In experiment 2, four dog foods were surveyed for effects on digesta viscosity based on protein source [animal protein (AP) or plant protein (PP)] or dietary fibre source [soluble dietary fibre (SDF) or insoluble dietary fibre (IDF)]. Dry matter (DM) intake was higher (p<0.05) when dogs were full (11.4 g/kg) compared with restricted fed (5.98 g/kg). Ileal digesta viscosity tended to be higher (p=0.07) for full fed [10,251 centipoise (cP)] compared with restricted-fed dogs (6677 cP). Ileal digesta viscosities were 6561, 11,074, 13,830 and 15,967 cP for dogs consuming IDF, SDF, AP and PP treatments respectively. Ileal DM concentrations were 11.4%, 13.6%, 14.8% and 14.8% for SDF, IDF, AP and PP treatments respectively. DM digestibility coefficients were lowest (71.2%) for the PP treatment and highest (88.7%) for the IDF treatment. Organic matter digestibilities followed a similar pattern. Ileal digesta viscosity of dogs appears to increase with increased diet intake, and increased ileal DM concentration. More digestible diets result in less ileal DM and lower viscosity constants.     

小麦日粮喷涂复合酶对肉鸡AME及回肠食糜黏度的影响

<正>小麦中非淀粉多糖(non-starch polysaccharides,NSPs)对于肉仔鸡有较强的抗营养作用。许多研究资料表明,禽类采食麦类日粮后,导致食糜粘度增高,养分溶出的速度减缓,养分和内源消化酶的扩散速度减     

Whole blood and plasma viscosity values in normal and ascitic broiler chickens.

1. Whole blood and plasma viscosity values in normal and ascitic broiler chickens were measured. 2. The mean blood viscosity value in ascitic broilers was greater than that of the controls. There was a small but significant difference in the opposite direction between plasma viscosity values of the respective groups of birds. 3. Although the haematocrit and arterial pressure index values in the ascitic birds were raised, there was a fall in the concentration of total plasma protein. 4. The data suggest that the raised viscosity in the ascitic birds was caused by a polycythemia and not by any influence of plasma protein. 5. The cumulative effect of these factors, such as raised blood viscosity values and larger deformed red cells flowing through constricted lung arterioles, may contribute to the pulmonary hypertension and ascites seen in some young commercial broilers.     

Relationship between paired plasma and serum viscosity and plasma proteins in the horse

The relationship between paired plasma and serum viscosity measurements and plasma proteins, including fibrinogen, were compared in 106 horses with both normal and abnormal serum protein levels. There is a highly significant positive correlation between serum viscosity and total serum proteins and total globulin levels. The difference between plasma and serum viscosity correlated well with clottable fibrinogen concentration. Albumin levels showed a negative correlation with plasma and serum viscosity, globulins and fibrinogen. Simultaneous estimation of serum and plasma viscosity improves the diagnostic value of the latter test without appreciable increase in cost or time and should prove useful for screening large numbers of samples for the presence or absence of abnormal levels of globulins and, or, fibrinogen.     

Intestinal digesta viscosity decreases during coccidial infection in broilers

1. The effect of intestinal digesta viscosity on bird performance in chickens with coccidiosis was compared to those without coccidiosis. 2. Six hundred chicks were divided into five groups: one control group was fed a basal maize/soyabean-based diet and the other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2, 4, 6 or 8 g carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) per kg of feed. At 14 d of age half the birds were individually inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria praecox. 3. Intestinal digesta viscosity increased with increasing inclusion of CMC. This effect was considerably less pronounced in inoculated than in non-inoculated birds. 4. There was a significant negative effect on live weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) with increasing CMC inclusion in non-inoculated birds, but in inoculated birds there was no clear relation between CMC inclusion and performance. Neither intestinal lesion scores, nor numbers of Clostridium pefringens in the caeca, were significantly affected by CMC inclusion. 5. Across all diets inoculation impaired growth rate by 9% and FCR by 8%, but did not affect the amount of C. perfringens in the caeca.     

Diet type affects viscosity of ileal digesta of dogs and simulated gastric and small intestinal digesta

Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of diet type on viscosity of ileal digesta of dogs and simulated gastric and small intestinal digesta. In experiment 1, three canned and three dry dog foods were surveyed for effects on ileal digesta viscosity. Experiment 2 evaluated the same six diets for effects on simulated gastric and small intestinal digesta. Canned diets and dry diets contained an average 22.7% and 89.9% dry matter (DM) respectively. Concentrations of total dietary fibre (TDF) in the diets ranged from 1.8% to 26.5%. Ileal digesta viscosities ranged from 1326 to 46,641 and 7748 to 10,208 cP for canned and dry treatments respectively. Ileal DM concentrations ranged from 8.2% to 16.2% and 15.4% to 15.8% for canned and dry treatments respectively. Dry matter intake ranged from 224 to 290 and 295 to 325 g/day for canned and dry treatments respectively. During gastric digestion simulation, viscosity peaked at 2 and 4 h for all three canned diets and dry diets respectively. During small intestinal digestion simulation, viscosity peaked between 6 and 12 h for most diets except one canned diet and one dry diet, which contained high concentrations of TDF (25.1% and 26.5% respectively). Viscosity of these solutions peaked between 12 and 18 h. Viscosity of ileal digesta and simulated gastric and small intestinal digesta was the lowest after consumption of canned diets with the exception of the canned diet containing very high concentrations of dietary fibre (25.1% TDF). Ileal digesta viscosity of dogs appears to be responsive to the diet type characteristics.