羊支原体肺炎的预防和诊治

羊支原体肺炎又称羊传染性胸膜肺炎,是由多种支原体引起的绵羊和山羊的一种高度接触性的传染病。该病在临床上以高热、咳嗽、肺脏及胸膜的浆液性和纤维素性炎症为特征,死亡率很高,对养羊业的危害很大。此外,某些种类的支原体还可以引起羊的无乳症、结膜角膜炎、关节炎、乳房炎、腹膜炎、胸腹腔脓肿甚至败血症。近年来,随着我局养羊业的发展饲养量的快速增加,羊传染性胸膜肺炎的数量逐渐开始增多。从2004年开始羊传染性胸膜肺炎被列入我局的防疫程序中,每年春季免疫一次,羊传染性胸膜肺炎基本上得到控制。但由于病源体的亚型较多,分离支原体…     

天峻县羊传染性胸膜肺炎病的诊治

利用细菌分离培养方法和PCR方法对天峻县快尔玛乡某养殖户中2只病死绵羊组织进行检测,经细菌分离培养未分离到可疑病原,用PCR方法检测2只病死绵羊肺脏及1号羊脾脏,均为绵羊肺炎支原体阳性。综合临床症状、常规检测以及PCR检测结果,诊断为羊群感染了绵羊肺炎支原体,从而导致了传染性胸膜肺炎。     

羊传染性胸膜肺炎的防治

羊传染性胸膜肺炎,又称羊支原体性肺炎,也有人称其为“烂肺病”,是由多种支原体引起绵羊和山羊的一种高度接触性的传染病。该病在临床上以高热、咳嗽、肺脏及胸膜的浆液性和纤维素性炎症为特征,死亡率高。文章对该病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防控方面的研究进展做一综述,重点介绍了羊传染性胸膜肺炎的诊断与防治。     

绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎的诊治

羊传染性胸膜肺炎又称羊支原体肺炎,是由支原体引起羊的一种高度接触性传染病,特征为高热、咳嗽,肺脏及胸膜发生浆液性和纤维素性炎症。死亡率很高,对养羊业危害很大。     

应激因素下绵羊易发生传染性胸膜肺炎

羊传染性胸膜肺炎又称羊支原体肺炎,是由支原体引起羊的一种高度接触性传染病,特征为高热、咳嗽,肺脏及胸膜发生浆液性和纤维素性炎症。死亡率很高,对养羊业危害很大。     

一例绵羊支原体肺炎病的诊治

绵羊支原体肺炎病是由绵羊肺炎支原体引起的一种以咳嗽、喘气、渐进性消瘦以及肺脏及胸膜的浆液性和纤维索性炎症为特征的高度接触性呼吸道传染病.     

宁夏某羊场绵羊肺炎支原体的分离鉴定及病理组织学观察

为了确定宁夏某羊场发生一起以体温升高、咳嗽、呼吸困难为临床特征且具有传染性的疾病的病原，采集濒死病羊的病理组织，应用细菌分离培养、分子生物学鉴定、病理组织学观察及免疫组织化学分析等方法对采集的病料进行病原检测和诊断。结果显示，细菌分离培养获得3株支原体分离株，分子进化分析发现其均属于绵羊肺炎支原体，与国际标准株Y-98的序列一致性为100%。病理组织学观察显示，肺泡上皮细胞坏死、增生，支气管管腔内和肺泡腔内大量炎性细胞浸润，支气管和气管黏膜上皮细胞坏死、脱落、固有层水肿、炎性细胞浸润。对不同脏器的免疫组织化学分析显示，绵羊肺炎支原体主要集中于肺脏和气管内，且肺脏的阳性组织百分比最高，其次是支气管和气管。结合疫病的流行病学调查，该羊场所发疾病为运输应激后感染绵羊肺炎支原体导致，该病原侵染并定植于肺脏、气管及支气管上皮细胞，引起羊严重的呼吸道病症。     

羊传染性胸膜肺炎诊治

<正>1流行特点导致羊传染性胸膜肺炎的病原有丝状支原体山羊亚种和绵羊肺炎支原体。病羊与耐过羊是引起传染性胸膜肺炎的主要传染源。该病是典型的接触性传染病,主要经过呼吸道传染。绵羊与山羊是易感动物。自然条件下,丝状支原体山羊亚种只感染山羊,以3年内的山羊最易感染,而绵羊肺炎支原体能感染山羊与绵羊。传染性胸膜肺炎无明显的季节性,一年四季均可发生,早春、秋末冬初时易大范围流行。     

山羊支原体性肺炎的诊疗与防治措施

山羊支原体性肺炎亦称山羊传染性胸膜肺炎,是由支原体(丝状支原体山羊亚种和绵羊肺炎支原体)引起的山羊特有的高度接触性传染病。1流行特点病羊是该病的主要传染来源,在疫区中常出现营养不良且体温正常的山羊,但剖检时,肺脏常有陈旧的肺炎病灶。这种貌似健康、实则是患病的山羊,往往是不易引人注意的传染来源。     

绵羊肺炎支原体和丝状支原体双重PCR检测方法的建立

绵羊肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma ovipneumonia)和丝状支原体山羊亚种(M.mycoides subsp.Capri,Mmc)是羊传染性胸膜肺炎(又称为羊支原体性肺炎)的常见病原.此外,山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种和山羊支原体山羊亚种等支原体也可引起羊传染性胸膜肺炎.     

Chronic non-progressive pneumonia of sheep in New Zealand - a review of the role of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae

Chronic non-progressive pneumonia (CNP) is a common disease which affects lambs in New Zealand during late summer and autumn. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae can be recovered from a high proportion of lesions but it is also present in some normal lungs. Bacteria, especially Pasteurella haemolytica, can also be recovered from more than half the lungs of affected animals. Isolates of M. ovipneumoniae are genetically heterogeneous, as demonstrated by examination of their DNA or total cellular proteins, and are serologically heterogeneous as shown by metabolic inhibition tests. The number of strains present in New Zealand is large and several distinguishable strains can be recovered from each affected lung. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae has pathogenic potential as indicated by its ability to produce hydrogen peroxide, cause ciliostasis and by its possession of a capsule. Chronic non-progressive pneumonia can be transmitted consistently to over 50% of lambs by inoculation of pooled pneumonic lung homogenate and transmission can be suppressed by broad spectrum antibiotics. In contrast, penicillin does not prevent the development of lesions but diminishes their severity. Pooled lung homogenate treated with digitonin, which inactivates mycoplasmas, has failed to transmit CNP. Pure cultures of M. ovipneumoniae produce only mild lesions in some animals, whereas inoculation with pooled lung homogenate (from which no viruses were isolated) containing mixed strains of M. ovipneumoniae and free from bacteria, is more effective in producing lesions. Research work to date suggests that CNP may be initiated by colonisation of the lung by M. ovipneumoniae which causes ciliostasis and elicits an exudate allowing colonisation of the lungs by bacteria especially M. haemolytica and by other strains of M. ovipneumoniae. The immune response to the initial strain of M. ovipneumoniae may inhibit its replication but would be less effective in inhibiting heterologous strains of the organism allowing their sequential replication. Eventually production of a broad immune response to M. ovipneumoniae would lead to its elimination which in turn would facilitate the elimination of other microorganisms and the resolution of lesions. As natural immunity to CNP occurs within the first year, it may be possible to develop an effective and useful vaccine. Such a vaccine may need to include multiple strains of M. ovipneumoniae.     

Comparison of virulence of ovine respiratory mycoplasmas in the mouse mammary gland

The virulence of isolates of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and M. arginini from pneumonic and unaffected ovine lungs was compared in a mouse mammary gland model. The isolates varied in their ability to induce a neutrophilic response in the mammary gland. A moderate to severe form of mastitis was induced by 3 M. ovipneumoniae isolates recovered from pneumonic lungs, while the remaining M. ovipneumoniae isolates from pneumonic lungs and those from unaffected lungs induced a very mild histopathological response. The severity of the mastitis could not be increased by the simultaneous inoculation of a mixture of 5 mycoplasma isolates. Mycoplasma arginini isolates induced only a very mild histopathological response despite having been isolated from pneumonic lungs. The finding that the 3 most virulent M. ovipneumoniae isolates were initially recovered from pneumonic ovine lungs suggested that these virulent isolates may contribute to ovine pneumonia. However, the isolation of M. ovipneumoniae from pneumonic ovine lungs does not necessarily imply that these organisms are the causal agents, since M. ovipneumoniae isolates may vary in virulence.     

The isolation of multiple strains of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae from individual pneumonic sheep lungs.

The heterogeneity of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae isolates from the lungs of sheep with chronic non-progressive pneumonia (CNP) from the same flock raised the possibility that multiple isolates derived from one lung were not all identical. To test this hypothesis, thirty isolates were obtained from each of six pneumonic sheep lungs at slaughter. Four lungs had relatively severe lesions and from each of these, three or four strains of M. ovipneumonia, distinguishable by REA and in most cases by SDS-PAGE, were detected. From the lungs of each of two sheep with mild lesions, two strains of M. ovipneumoniae were detected. Four isolates from one lung were further examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) using many restriction endonucleases. Those which differed with EcoRI also differed when other restriction endonucleases were used. However, partial digests occurred mainly with those restriction endonucleases which recognise cytosine-rich sequences. The presence of multiple strains of one species of microorganism in individual lesions is an unusual concept which may not be limited to one disease or to one host.     

The experimental infection of specific pathogen free lambs with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae.

Six colostrum-deprived SPF lambs inoculated endobronchially with a second passage broth culture of a Scottish strain of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, were killed in batches of two at seven, 14 and 28 days post-inoculation. One lamb from each batch showed macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions similar to but milder than those described for respiratory mycoplasmoses in other species of animals and exhibited minor clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma were recovered from all infected but from no control animals: five infected lambs yielded mycoplasma from lung tissue. Two lambs infected with M ovipneumoniae by endobronchial intubation were placed in contact with six other SPF lambs. M ovipneumoniae was recovered from the upper respiratory tract only of all six contact lambs, but no pathological changes were noted in their lungs. Both donor lambs yielded mycoplasma from lung tissue, but microscopic lesions were detected in only one of them, and these were minimal. No seroconversion due to the infection could be demonstrated in any of the lambs by either the indirect haemagglutination or metabolic inhibition tests.     

Investigations into the possible role of Mycoplasma arginini in ovine respiratory disease

The inoculation of eight five- to seven-month-old sheep by the respiratory route with a culture of Mycoplasma arginini, administered simultaneously with or two days before a culture of Pasteurella haemolytica A2, did not lead to the pulmonary establishment of either organism. Minor lung changes found at slaughter seven days later were therefore considered not to have been induced by the inocula. Two other groups of seven sheep each were initially inoculated intratracheally with an ampicillin-treated lung lesion homogenate in which only M ovipneumoniae was detectable. After seven days one group was inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with mixed cultures of M arginini and P haemolytica A2, and one with P haemolytica A2 alone. In the M arginini-treated group pyrexia peaked earlier and one animal died, but no macroscopic or microscopic differences were apparent between the two groups at necropsy 10 to 11 days later; six sheep from each group had lung lesions indistinguishable from ovine atypical pneumonia. M arginini was isolated in high titre from the respiratory tract of two animals in the M arginini-treated group, including the sole fatality. However, an adventitious parainfluenza type 3 virus infection, identified in four animals from the M arginini-treated group and one from the other, may have been responsible for the inter-group clinical differences. It was concluded that the strain of M arginini used was capable neither of predisposing the lung to secondary invasion by P haemolytica A2, nor of exacerbating the pneumonia and effects elicited with M ovipneumoniae and P haemolytica.     

Cross-reacting antigens between Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and other species of mycoplasma of animal origin, shown by ELISA and immunoblotting with reference antisera

Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae as antigen, the cross-reactivity of antigens between this species and 22 other mycoplasma species was examined using reference polyclonal antisera. Significant cross-reactivity with M. ovipneumoniae was demonstrated by five species, only, viz. M. bovoculi, M. dispar, M. flocculare, M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis. Using one-dimensional SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting techniques with homologous and heterologous antisera, cross-reacting antigens of M. dispar, M. flocculare, M. hyopneumoniae and M. ovipneumoniae were further investigated. Cross-reacting antigens with apparent molecular weights of 64, 44 and 32 kDa were common to all and a 184 kDa cross-reacting antigen occurred in all except M. ovipneumoniae. Further cross-reacting antigens (one-way and two-way) between two of the four species are reported. Four monoclonal antibodies against different antigens of M. ovipneumoniae did not recognise any antigen in the other three species examined.     

互助藏羊肺炎病原绵羊肺炎支原体的PCR检测与分析

青海省互助某羊场藏系绵羊发生肺炎疾病,为了快速准确诊断藏羊肺炎发病的致病病原微生物,及时防控和治疗,采集病死绵羊肺样品,利用PCR分子生物学方法进行鉴定与生物信息学分析。经过分子鉴定,此羊场引发肺病的病原是绵羊肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, MO);测序结果显示样品中鉴定的为同一株病原,鉴定的菌株的16S rRNA基因与参考序列EU265779的同源性达到99.86%。同时遗传进化树显示,鉴定的菌株与GenBank中的绵羊肺炎支原体聚成一大支,其关系最近,在进化角度证实此次鉴定的确实为绵羊肺炎支原体。结果表明,此羊场引发肺炎疾病的病原是绵羊肺炎支原体,提示要对羊群进行相关的病原学研究和流行病学调查,为针对性地对细菌性病原进行对症治疗提供参考。     

绵羊肺炎支原体的分离与鉴定

绵羊肺炎支原体是一种引起羊传染性胸膜肺炎的病原微生物,它不仅能感染绵羊同时也可感染山羊,发病率和死亡率较高,易给养羊业造成较大损失。近年来,内蒙古境内羊传染性胸膜肺炎也多有发生,为了查明病原,分别在内蒙古一些发病地区采取病料,经分离得到了疑似绵羊支原体菌株7株。对该病原微生物的分离培养、形态学特征、理化特性等进行了阐述,以期为该病的快速诊断及防治提供参考。     

Isolation and identification of mycoplasmas from the nasal cavity of sheep

Mycoplasmas isolated from the nasal cavity of sheep in a ram test station were examined to determine their identity and prevalence. Specimens were obtained for mycoplasmal culture in 1980, 1982, and 1983 from 558 sheep, and mycoplasmas were isolated from 630 specimens from 320 sheep (57.3%). The isolates were characterized and differentiated into groups on the basis of sensitivity to digitonin, fermentation of glucose, and hydrolysis of arginine. Isolates in some groups were further characterized by use of additional diagnostic media, and their identity was confirmed by agglutination or growth inhibition with antiserum prepared from reference mycoplasmas. Of the 320 sheep with mycoplasmas, 293 had Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, 12 had M arginini, and 1 had M capricolum. Two sheep had Acholeplasma spp, and 3 sheep had unidentified Mycoplasma spp. The remaining 9 sheep had M ovipneumoniae in combination with Acholeplasma spp (n = 3), M arginini (n = 3), M capricolum (n = 2), and an unidentified Mycoplasma spp (n = 1). The biochemical reactions of the M ovipneumoniae from the 293 sheep were similar, but varied in the degree of growth and fermentation in the basal medium containing glucose. The high prevalence of M ovipneumoniae indicated that it may be commensal in the upper respiratory tract of healthy sheep.     

Natural and experimental infections of lambs with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae

Mycoplasma (M.) ovipneumoniae was isolated pure or mixed with bacteria from 47 lungs of lambs of 14 in 22 tested flocks. M. ovipneumoniae was obtained as pure culture in cases of mild bronchopneumonia. Experimental intratracheal or intranasal infection caused several days of rising body temperature above 39.7 degrees C. Nasal discharge, coughing, and dyspnea did not occur. M. ovipneumoniae was successfully re-isolated from nasal swabs, beginning 2 d from infection. Lobular catarrhal bronchopneumonia was established by postmortem examinations, 10-14 d from infection, and M. ovipneumoniae was re-isolated from the lungs. Histological patterns of lungs were characterised by interstitial cell reactions.