花鲈的营养需求研究进展

花鲈（Lateolabrax iaponicus）又叫鲈鱼,是名贵经济鱼类。本文综述了花鲈的营养需要量,特别是对蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪和维生素等方面的研究结果。目的在于能揭示花鲈营养需要,为进一步开展花鲈人工配合饲料的研究提供基础资料和理论依据,以促进花鲈人工养殖生产的发展。     

花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus）的营养需求研究进展

花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus）又叫鲈鱼，是名贵经济鱼类。本文综述了花鲈的营养需要量，特别是对蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪和维生素等方面的研究结果。目的在于能揭示花鲈营养需要，为进一步开展花鲈人工配合饲料的研究提供基础资料和理论依据，以促进花鲈人工养殖生产的发展。     

花鲈营养饲料研究进展

花鲈饲料中的营养成分不但能保障花鲈的基本生长需求,也对花鲈机体的各个器官起着调节作用。营养饲料在花鲈的肠道、细胞、免疫机体中都发挥着重要作用。目前,随着花鲈养殖规模的扩大,各种病害频繁发生,病害的防治越发受到重视。越来越多研究者开始从营养免疫学的角度对病害防治进行研究,采用营养饲料可以提高花鲈的免疫力与抗病力,减少鱼病的发生。本文综述了氨基酸、多糖、矿物质、维生素等对花鲈的营养作用,和近些年研发的花鲈营养饲料产品,以及花鲈营养饲料存在的问题和发展前景。     

花鲈池塘养殖的技术要点

花鲈又称赛花鲈,是海水养殖的主要品种.通过人工驯化在淡水养殖生长快、病害少、效益高,肉质优于加州鲈.现介绍花鲈在池塘养殖的技术要点: 1 池塘条件池塘面积以1 334～5 336 m2左右为宜.水深1.5～2 m,池底淤泥较少,水源充足,水质洁净无污染.池塘清整方法与常规养鱼相同.     

淡水养殖花鲈技术要点

花鲈又称赛花鲈，是海水养殖的主要品种，通过人工驯化在淡水养殖生长快、病害少、效益高，肉质优于加州鲈。现介绍花鲈在池塘养殖的技术要点：     

加州鲈的营养需求研究进展

本文综述了加州鲈的营养需求,尤其是蛋白、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质等的营养需要。通过对其营养需求的了解为人工配合饲料的研制开发提供理论依据。     

海水养殖鱼类的营养研究和饲料生产的现状及未来的发展趋势

本文对目前世界海水养殖鱼类的主要养殖种类、产量、地区分布和食性组成等作了一个较为全面的介绍和分析.结合我国的实际情况,分析了我国海水鱼类养殖远远落后于淡水鱼类养殖的原因.并指出我国海水鱼类营养研究与饲料工业滞后是制约我国海水鱼类养殖发展的重要原因之一,比较使用人工配合饲料和鲜杂鱼饲料的优劣,分析了我国目前主要使用冰鲜下杂鱼饲料的危害及对我国海水鱼类养殖可持续发展的负面影响.分别介绍了我国主要海水养殖鱼类牙鲆、大鲮鲆、真鲷、七星鲈、尖吻鲈、红鼓鱼(美国红鱼)、石斑鱼、大黄鱼在世界的养殖概况和它们的营养需要研究进展情况.然后阐述了海水人工配合饲料配方设计的基本原理和设计生产绿色环保饲料的关键技术.     

淡水养殖名特优新品种介绍(二)

二、花鲈 花鲈(见图)又称青鲈、鲈鱼,在分类学上也隶属鲈形目、(鱼旨)科。花鲈肉质坚实,洁白细嫩,味道清香,名列珠江“四大名鱼”之首,是酒楼宴席的名贵河鲜,也是出口的名贵水产品。花鲈还有药用价值,鳃有化痰止咳功效,肉能促进手术后的伤口生肌愈合,不少地方把花鲈视为滋补品。 花鲈喜栖息于河口或淡水处,也生活在纯淡水中。在珠江三角洲     

蛋白质水平和混合动物蛋白替代鱼粉水平对花鲈生长性能和体成分的影响

本试验旨在可消化氨基酸平衡模式下,研究混合动物蛋白在不同蛋白质水平下替代饲料中低温干燥鱼粉后对花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)生长性能和体成分的影响.混合动物蛋白由鸡肉粉、牛肉骨粉、喷雾血球干燥粉、水解羽毛粉以40:35:20:5的比例组成,分别在高蛋白质水平和低蛋白质水平下替代0、50%、75%和100%的低温蒸汽干燥鱼粉.选取初始均重为(13.3±0.1)g的花鲈720尾,随机分为8组(每组3个重复,每重复30尾鱼),分别饲喂1种试验饲料,试验期为8周结果表明:在可消化氨基酸平衡模式下,降低饲料蛋白质水平,花鲈的末均重、增重率及能量沉积率均显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数显著升高(P<0.05);体成分指标无显著变化(P>0.05).同一蛋白质水平下,用混合动物蛋白替代鱼粉可显著降低花鲈的末均重、成活率、增重率、摄食率、蛋白质沉积率、能量沉积率、脏体比及全鱼粗蛋白质、总能和粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),显著升高花鲈的饲料系数和全鱼水分、灰分含量(P<0.05).蛋白质水平和替代水平对花鲈的生长性能和体成分各指标无显著的交互作用(P>0.05).由此得出,在可消化氨基酸平衡模式下,饲料蛋白质水平显著影响花鲈的生长性能,但对体成分指标无显著影响.混合动物蛋白替代鱼粉水平显著影响花鲈的生长性能和体成分指标,混合动物蛋白对鱼粉的替代水平应低于50%.     

花鲈营养需求的研究进展

花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus）属鲈形目，鳕科，花鲈属。俗称鲈鱼、花寨、板鲈、鲈板。分布于东亚的中国、朝鲜及日本，我国沿海及通海的淡水水体中皆产此鱼。其肉味美，古代诗人曾以“江上往来人，但爱鲈鱼美”的诗句称赞其体态和味道。在沿海一带，产量较高，为产区的重要食用鱼之一。近年来随着花鲈自然资源的日趋减少与消费需求的日益增加，且花鲈具有生长快、病害少、适应广、价格高、效益好等特点，目前国内外花鲈养殖都呈上升趋势。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.