农业部公布新批准的兽用新生物制品

农业部于2004年12月24日发布第443号公告，根据《兽药管理条例》和《兽用新生物制品管理办法》的规定，经审查，批准北京海淀中海动物保健科技公司的猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗(兔源)、猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗(细胞源)、鸡痘耐热保护剂活疫苗、鸡传染性支气管炎耐热保护剂活疫苗、鸡传染性法氏囊病耐热保护剂活疫苗等5种制品为兽用新生物制品，核发《新兽药证书》，     

农业部批准一批新兽药

日前，根据《兽药管理条例》和《兽用新生物制品管理办法》的规定，经审查，农业部批准中牧实业股份有限公司、申联生物医药(上海)有限公司联合申报的猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗为一类兽用新生物制品，批准北京海淀中海动物保健科技公司的猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗(兔源)、猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗(细胞源)、鸡痘耐热保护剂活疫苗、鸡传染性支气管炎耐热保护剂活疫苗、鸡传染性法氏囊病耐热保护剂活疫苗等五种制品为三类兽用新生物制品。     

猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗生产工艺研究

正一、实验材料1.种毒。猪瘟兔化弱毒株购自中国兽医药品监察所。2.毒液。按2000年版《兽用生物制品规程》(以下简称《规程》)载"猪瘟活疫苗制造及检验规程(Ⅰ)"方法制备毒液,病毒效价不低于10~5RID/ml。3.保护剂。耐热保护剂以甘氨酸、蔗糖和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为基础,优选制备。4.对照疫苗。按《规程》生产常规的猪瘟活疫苗,     

中国兽医药品监察所向成都精华生物制品有限公司转让8项科技成果

2005年4月8日，中国兽医药品监察所向成都精华生物制品有限公司转让了8项包括鸡痘耐热保护剂活疫苗、鸡毒支原体油乳剂灭活疫苗、鸡马立克氏病火鸡疱疹病毒耐热保护剂活疫苗、鸡新城疫耐热保护剂活疫苗(Lasota株)、鸡新城疫活疫苗(CS2株)、鸡传染性法氏囊病耐热保护剂活疫苗、鸡传染性支气管炎耐热保护剂活疫苗、     

我国与美国在兽用细菌类活疫苗安全检验方法上的比较

对美国联邦法规第9篇（CFR9）及《中华人民共和国兽药典（二○○五年版三部）》中细菌类活疫苗安全检验方法及判定标准的异同进行了比较分析,并对我国细菌类活疫苗安全检验方法提出了修改建议。     

泰地罗新原料药细菌内毒素检查方法学研究

本文建立了泰地罗新原料药细菌内毒素检查方法。根据《中国兽药典》2015年版一部附录1143细菌内毒素检查法(凝胶法)的要求[1],通过干扰试验确定样品最大不干扰浓度,并进行方法学验证。结果显示泰地罗新质量浓度小于0.4mg/mL时,不会干扰内毒素和鲎试剂的反应;泰地罗新内毒素应小于1.25EU/mg。结论:可以采用此法对泰地罗新原料药进行细菌内毒素检查。     

猪瘟淋脾毒耐热保护剂活疫苗保存期的测定及免疫保护试验

对添加耐热保护剂的猪瘟淋脾毒活疫苗进行保存期的测定和保存后的免疫保护试验.结果表明,研制的猪瘟淋脾毒耐热保护剂活疫苗在2～8 ℃条件下保存24个月后免疫猪,能100%抵抗猪瘟石门系强毒的攻击.     

注射用盐酸土霉素的细菌内毒素检查

参照<中国兽药典>二○○○年版一部附录细菌内毒素检查法,研究了注射用盐酸土霉素对细菌内毒素检测的干扰情况,确定0.312 5 mg/mL浓度的供试品溶液对检测无干扰作用,建立了注射用盐酸土霉素的细菌内毒素限量检查方法.     

头孢喹肟注射液的细菌内毒素检查

参照《中国兽药典》2000年版一部附录细菌内毒素检查法进行试验,研究了头孢喹肟注射液细菌内毒素检查法的干扰情况。结果表明,供试品在0.78125 mg/mL稀释液的浓度下对细菌内毒素无干扰作用。通过实验研究,建立了该品种的细菌内毒素限量检查法。     

氯化氨甲酰甲胆碱注射液细菌内毒素检查方法研究

建立氯化氨甲酰甲胆碱注射液的细菌内毒素检查方法。按《中国兽药典》2005年版一部收载的细菌内毒素检查法进行试验。试验结果表明,当氯化氨甲酰甲胆碱稀释成0.01 mg/mL时,对鲎试剂的凝集反应无抑制作用。可以用细菌内毒素检查法检查氯化氨甲酰甲胆碱注射液的细菌内毒素。     

对2005年版中国兽药典芬苯达唑鉴别方法的商榷

对2005年版《中国兽药典》芬苯达唑鉴别方法中紫外-可见分光光度法测定最大吸收波长存在的问题进行了讨论。建议采用色谱纯甲醇及选择296 nm波长处最大吸收进行芬苯达唑鉴别(1)的测定。     

对亚硒酸钠维生素E注射液中亚硒酸钠含量测定方法的修订

对2005年版《中国兽药典》一部亚硒酸钠维生素E注射液中亚硒酸钠含量测定法进行修订。采用容量法替代原子吸收光谱法,以硫代硫酸钠滴定液（0.01 mol/L）滴定,测定该注射液中亚硒酸钠含量。经实验验证,方法的精密度与准确度均较好,可用于亚硒酸钠维生素E注射液中亚硒酸钠含量测定的质量控制。     

Source of dietary lipid may modify the immune response in stressed feeder cattle

Five studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of lipid source on performance and health of stressed feeder cattle. A total of 332 heifers (195 +/- 2.37 kg initial BW) in trial 1 and 336 heifers (206 +/- 1.70 kg initial BW) in trial 2 were fed diets containing ground flaxseed (FLAX), rolled full-fat soybeans (SOY), or tallow (TAL) at 13, 20, or 4%, respectively (DM basis). All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The ADG and G:F for the first 7 d and for the entire feeding period were greater (P < 0.05) for TAL and FLAX than for SOY. Percentage of animals treated and retreated for bovine respiratory disease did not differ among dietary treatments. The FLAX treatment increased (P < 0.05) total n-3 PUFA concentrations in the plasma, whereas SOY increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of total n-6 PUFA. In trial 3, 18 steers were individually fed diets containing TAL and 18 steers were fed a diet containing SOY (20% of DM). In trials 4 and 5, 18 steers were individually fed diets containing TAL and 18 steers were fed diets containing FLAX (12.9% of DM). On d 14 and 17 of study 3, 4, and 5, 16 steers from each dietary treatment were injected i.v. with Escherichia coli O55:B5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and 2 steers from each diet were injected with saline. Rectal temperatures after LPS challenge were lower (P < 0.05) for SOY and FLAX than for TAL, and plasma TNF was greater (P < 0.05) for SOY than for TAL. Serum haptoglobin and blood fibrinogen increased and white blood cell count decreased in response to LPS, but none of these variables was affected by treatment. Although this research failed to measure an effect of lipid source on feedlot morbidity or mortality, these studies indicate that altering the source and type of dietary fatty acids may modify the immune response in stressed feeder cattle and that performance may be hindered by feeding full-fat soybeans to receiving cattle.     

菌痢消颗粒薄层色谱研究

菌痢消颗粒是由黄连、诃子、苦参、白头翁、甘草等中药制成的纯中药制剂,具有清热燥湿,泻火解毒,涩肠止泻之功效。在对本品的质量标准研究中,本文重点进行了薄层色谱研究,选择了多种展开系统进行比较。结果显示,采用《中国兽药典》收载方法及展开系统对本方中黄连、诃子、苦参进行薄层色谱鉴别,斑点清晰,方法可行。     

蝗虫取食对毛花雀稗防御酶活性的影响

防御酶是植物对昆虫危害的潜在防御机制。毛花雀稗(Paspalum dilatatum)作为一种优良牧草，了解被昆虫取食胁迫后其防御酶的变化很有必要。为此，本研究分析了蝗虫(Oxya chinensis)取食毛花雀稗0 (CK)、24、48、72和96 h后毛花雀稗总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、酪氨酸解氨酶(tyrosine ammonia-lyase, TAL)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)、脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase, LOX)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase, GST)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PAL)活性及植物总酚(total phenols, TP)含量的变化规律。结果表明：与不取食对照相比，蝗虫取食后毛花雀稗植株中POD、CAT、LOX、PPO、TAL、GST活性以及TP含量均在部分取食时间或所有取食时间显著升高(P < 0.05)。其中T-AOC在24 h时显著升高(P < 0.05)；TAL、PPO和GST活性均随取食时间的延长呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，分别在48、72和24 h时达到最高，是对照的3.71、2.10和21.25倍。相反，除24 h时SOD活性外，SOD、PAL活性在蝗虫取食胁迫下均显著降低(P < 0.05)。可见，POD、CAT、PPO、TAL、GST和LOX等防御酶在毛花雀稗防御害虫胁迫中发挥了非常重要的保护作用。     

阿莫西林、硫酸黏菌素混悬注射液无菌检查方法研究

目的建立阿莫西林、硫酸黏菌素混悬注射液的无菌检查方法。方法按《中国兽药典》2005年版一部附录进行试验。结果采用薄膜过滤法,每管培养基中加入不少于100万单位的青霉素酶,以1%聚山梨酯80的0.1%蛋白胨水溶液冲洗液,选择冲洗量为300mL,可消除样品对各菌株的抗菌活性。结论阿莫西林、硫酸黏菌素混悬注射液可用该方法进行无菌检查。     

Restricted localization of claudin-16 at the tight junction in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop together with claudins 3, 4, and 10 in bovine nephrons

Claudin-16 is one of the tight junction protein claudins and has been shown to contribute to reabsorption of divalent cations in the human kidney. In cattle, total deficiency of claudin-16 causes severe renal tubular dysplasia without aberrant metabolic changes of divalent cations, suggesting that bovine claudin-16 has some roles in renal tubule formation and paracellular transport that are somewhat different from those expected from the pathology of human disease. As the first step to clarify these roles, we examined the expression and distribution of claudin-16 and several other major claudin subtypes, claudins 1-4 and 10, in bovine renal tubular segments by immunofluorescence microscopy. Claudin-16 was exclusively distributed to the tight junction in the tubular segment positive for Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle's loop, and was found colocalized with claudins 3, 4, and 10. This study also demonstrates that bovine kidneys possess segment-specific expression patterns for claudins 2-4 and 10 that are different from those reported for mice. Particularly, distribution of claudin-4 in the TAL and distal convoluted tubules was characteristic of bovine nephrons as were differences in the expression patterns of claudins 2 and 3. These findings demonstrate that the total lack of claudin-16 in the TAL segment is the sole cause of renal tubular dysplasia in cattle and suggest that the tight junctions in distinct tubular segments including the TAL have barrier functions in paracellular permeability that are different among animal species.     

丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌脂多糖提取纯化及活性分析

为了提取、纯化天鹅源丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌脂多糖（LPS）并检测其活性,试验通过热酚水法提取丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌LPS,采用DNaseⅠ、RNase A和蛋白酶K及醇沉法纯化LPS,测定LPS提取物中多糖、蛋白及核酸的含量,鲎试剂检测凝集活性,显色基质法测定其活性。结果显示,纯化的丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌LPS平均产率为1.48%,多糖含量为3.84%,蛋白含量为1.49%,核酸含量为 5.45%,且核酸片段低于100 bp,SDS-PAGE电泳和银染结果显示条带主要集中在10～15 ku范围内,与2 EU/mL鲎试剂的最小凝集浓度是10.99 ng/mL,显色基质法测定其活性为9.82×10⁵ EU/mg。该试验提取、纯化的丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌LPS纯度较高,生物活性良好。     

Control and surveillance of bovine TB: BVA's strategy and recommendations

Last week, the BVA wrote to Mr Ben Bradshaw, under-secretary of state at DEFRA, urging the Government to take action to tackle bovine tuberculosis (VR, October 8, 2005, vol 157, p 426). Its recommendations are set out below.     

Regulated expression of peripheral node addressin-positive high endothelial venules controls seeding of B lymphocytes into developing neonatal rabbit appendix

Young rabbit appendix is a homologue of chicken bursa of Fabricius; both are crucial sites for preimmune B-cell repertoire diversification. Here, we report that appendix regulates precursor lymphocyte recruitment for further development by modulating the sites of extravasation. The total area of peripheral node addressin-positive (PNAd(+)) high endothelial venules (HEVs) increased from 1 day to 1 week after birth, remained constant up to 2 weeks and declined to a low and persistent amount by 3 weeks. In normal 1-week and manipulated 5-week appendix where growth of follicles was retarded, PNAd(+) HEVs were present in the basolateral sides of B-cell follicles whereas, in normal 5-wk-appendix these were restricted to T-cell areas. The PNAd was expressed on the lumenal surface of HEVs. The proportions of CD62L(+) B cells in appendix declined from approximately 40% at 3 days to 2-3% at 4 weeks. In lymphocyte transfer experiments, CD62L(+) B cells were preferentially recruited compared with CD62L(-) B cells, anti-PNAd antibody blocked migration of B cells by approximately 50%, and 100 times more B cells were recruited in 1-week compared to 6-week appendix. Thus, a unique spatiotemporal expression pattern of PNAd(+) HEVs is associated with development of B-cell follicles. This regulates migration of blood-borne B-lymphocytes into developing appendix by interacting with CD62L.