基因Ⅶ型新城疫病毒样颗粒的制备与鉴定

利用Bac-to-Bac昆虫-杆状病毒表达系统分别构建了含有新城疫强毒株M、F、NP和HN等4个结构基因的单顺反子重组杆粒,经转染后,观察Sf9细胞病变以及PCR鉴定结果表明成功构建了4种重组杆状病毒;收集重组杆状病毒采用共感染策略,Sf9细胞上清经超速离心,蔗糖密度梯度纯化与浓缩后,利用Western blotting方法和透射电子显微镜技术检测,结果表明目的蛋白均正确表达且组装成具有完整囊膜形态的病毒粒子。     

基因Ⅱ、Ⅶ型二价新城疫病毒样颗粒的制备和鉴定

将基因Ⅶ型新城疫NA-1株F、HN基因的胞外域与基因Ⅱ型新城疫Lasota株F、HN基因的胞内域及跨膜域进行融合,并命名为rNA-1 F/HN。利用昆虫杆状病毒表达系统构建含有新城疫LaSota株M、F、HN等3个结构基因及rNA-1F、rNA-1 HN基因的重组杆状病毒rBV-LaSota M、rBV-LaSota F、rBV-rNA-1 F、rBV-LaSota HN、rBV-rNA-1 HN。将几种重组杆状病毒共感染Sf9细胞96h后收取上清,经超速离心及蔗糖密度离心纯化病毒样粒子(virus-like particles,VLPs),并利用Western blot方法和透射电子显微镜技术检测,结果显示目的蛋白均正确表达且组装成与野生型NDV形态大小相似的VLPs。结果表明:成功制备了新城疫标准疫苗株(LaSota株)及流行强毒株(NA-1株)二价NDV VLPs,为当前新城疫的防控提供新策略。     

传染性喉气管炎病毒王岗株糖蛋白gB基因在重组杆状病毒中的表达

将克隆到pUC119中的传染性喉气管炎病毒（ILTV）糖蛋白gB基因，通过EcoRI位点克隆至杆状态病毒转移载体pVL1393中，构建成重组杆状病毒转移载体rpVLgB，将rpVLgB转移载体质粒与杆状态病毒DNA（Bac-N-Blue DNA)共转染Sf9昆虫细胞，经3轮蚀斑纯化，获得重组病毒并命名为rpVL－ILTVgB。PCR方法鉴定证明gB基因正确插入到杆状病毒基因组中，直接免疫荧光试验和Dot－ELISA结果均表明gB基因在重组杆状病毒感染的Sf9昆虫细胞保获得表达，表达的gB蛋白将作为鸡传染性喉气管炎的亚单位疫苗和诊断抗原。     

利用昆虫表达系统表达新城疫病毒TS09-C耐热株的HN蛋白胞外区

前期研究表明新城疫病毒(NDV)HN蛋白为病毒热稳定性的主要影响因子。为了进一步研究HN蛋白的热稳定性以及影响其热稳定性的结构特征,研究利用杆状病毒表达了NDV TS09-C耐热株的HN蛋白的胞外区,将两个拷贝的TS09-C株HN胞外区基因分别插入到载体p Fast Bac-dual的PH启动子和p10启动子下游,在HN蛋白的N端连接上杆状病毒EGT基因的分泌信号肽和His标签。通过转座和病毒拯救试验获得表达HN蛋白的重组杆状病毒r Ac-t TS/HN2。蛋白表达结果表明,NDV HN蛋白表达在细胞内,并没有分泌到细胞外,且在细胞内主要以可溶形式存在。研究实现了NDV HN蛋白在昆虫细胞内可溶性表达,为后续的HN蛋白的热稳定性研究和NDV耐热机制研究奠定了基础。     

猪圆环病毒2型Rep蛋白在Sf9昆虫细胞中的表达和纯化

为了在Sf9昆虫细胞中表达猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)Rep蛋白，试验以PCV-2毒株(PCV-2b)的DNA为模板扩增ORF1基因，将ORF1基因插入到转移载体质粒pQB3s上，构建重组质粒pQB3s-PCV-2b-Rep,将重组质粒与杆状病毒表达载体qBac-ⅢG共同转染Sf9昆虫细胞，获得P0代重组杆状病毒，经连续传代获得P1、P2、P3代重组杆状病毒，将P3代重组杆状病毒接种到Sf9昆虫细胞中进行悬浮培养，收集细胞并利用镍柱纯化重组表达的蛋白，通过荧光显微镜观察感染重组杆状病毒的Sf9昆虫细胞中的荧光量，通过SDS-PAGE分析和Western-blot鉴定重组蛋白的表达情况。结果表明：经PCR鉴定在945 bp处出现特异性条带；通过荧光显微镜观察，在转染后第1天就出现绿色荧光，第4～5天出现大量绿色荧光，P2、P3代重组杆状病毒感染Sf9昆虫细胞及P3代重组杆状病毒感染悬浮培养的Sf9昆虫细胞后在第4～5天出现大量绿色荧光；P2、P3代重组杆状病毒感染的Sf9昆虫细胞的细胞裂解液及纯化的重组Rep蛋白，通过SDS-PAGE分析和Western-blot鉴定在约38 ku处出现...     

新城疫与H9N2亚型禽流感嵌合型病毒样颗粒的构建与鉴定

为了构建新城疫与H9N2亚型禽流感嵌合型病毒样颗粒(cVLP),试验以目前流行的基因Ⅶ型新城疫病毒和H9N2亚型禽流感病毒为研究对象,通过昆虫杆状病毒表达系统构建了3种重组杆状病毒,分别为rBV-M、rBV-HN及r BV-FHA,并以适当比例感染悬浮昆虫Sf9细胞,经蔗糖密度梯度纯化后获得嵌合型病毒样颗粒,同时采用新城疫和H9亚型禽流感标准阳性血清对嵌合型病毒样颗粒进行血凝和血凝抑制试验。结果表明:嵌合型病毒样颗粒以新城疫病毒M蛋白作为颗粒骨架,插入了新城疫病毒HN蛋白和经F蛋白胞内域融合的禽流感病毒HA蛋白,在电镜下观察纯化的嵌合型病毒样颗粒具有完整的囊膜结构及纤突,该颗粒具有结合两种阳性血清的能力。说明试验成功构建了包含有新城疫病毒M蛋白、HN蛋白和H9亚型禽流感病毒HA蛋白的嵌合型病毒样颗粒,并且保留了良好的生物学活性。     

鸭源新城疫病毒F基因在昆虫细胞中的表达和鉴定

为在昆虫细胞中表达鸭源新城疫病毒(NDV) F蛋白,本试验首先根据鸭源NDV F基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增出F基因,将其克隆至杆状病毒表达载体pFastBac1,获得重组转座载体pFastBac-F,将其转化到大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞中,经抗性和蓝白斑筛选,获得重组杆状病毒穿梭质粒rBacmid-F,在脂质体介导下转染Sf9昆虫细胞,获得重组杆状病毒rBac-F。Western blotting、间接免疫荧光试验结果均显示表达的重组蛋白能与鸭抗NDV阳性血清发生特异性反应,具有良好的反应原性。结果表明鸭源NDV F蛋白在昆虫细胞中获得了成功表达,为鸭新城疫的预防控制奠定了基础。     

H7亚型禽流感病毒HA基因在杆状病毒系统中的表达

利用PCR反应，以特异性引物扩增禽流感病毒去除信号肽的H7亚型HA密码子优化基因，克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pFastBac-HTB中，转座DH10感受态细胞，通过蓝白斑筛选、PCR鉴定获得阳性克隆，然后提取基因组Bacmid，转染Sf9昆虫细胞，得到含H7亚型流感病毒HA基因的重组杆状病毒opti-H7HA-Bac。重组杆状病毒接种Sf9昆虫细胞，待绝大部分细胞产生细胞病变后收获细胞，细胞裂解产物经血凝试验、SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析证实，密码子优化的H7HA基因在重组杆状病毒opti-H7HA-Bac感染Sf9细胞后获得高效表达，且具有良好的蛋白活性及特异免疫反应原性。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因B和C抗原位点片段在杆状病毒中的表达

应用RT-PCR方法扩增了猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)TH-98株S基因5′端含有B、C抗原位点的片段。将该片段亚克隆至杆状病毒转移载体pMelBac B中。重组质粒经纯化,与线性化的杆状病毒共转染Sf9昆虫细胞,经4轮蚀斑筛选,获得了纯化的重组病毒,最终实现了在昆虫细胞内的蛋白表达。经Dot-ELISA进行抗原性分析,结果表明重组蛋白具有抗原性。本研究猪传染性胃肠炎血清学诊断方法的建立提供了必要的物质基础。     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

The effects of antibiotic,probiotic, organic acid,vitamin C,and Echinacea purpurea extract on performance,carcass characteristics,blood chemistry,microbiota, and immunity of broiler chickens

The present context investigated the comparative study on the supplementation of antibiotic, probiotic, organic acid, vitamin C, and herbal extract after vaccination into drinking water and their effects on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters, immune system, and intestinal flora in broiler chicks for 42 days. A total of 420 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into 7 treatments with 3 replicates (pens) per treatment and 20 male chicks for each replicate (pen). The experimental treatments consisted of drinking water (control, without additive); drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet; drinking water + C-Vet-50; drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + C-Vet-50; drinking water + probiotic Primalac; drinking water + butyric acid; and drinking water + extract of Echinacea purpurea Moench (coneflower). There were no differences observed among the treatments for feed intake, but during the whole experimental period, the highest body weight gain was found in the chicks fed with drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + 50 cc vitamin C (P < 0.05). There were no differences (P > 0.05) observed among the treatments for feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no differences reported among treatments for carcass characteristics at the end of the experiment. Among the treatments, drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea reduced (P < 0.05) the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins. Drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, drinking water + Primalac, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea increased (P < 0.05) the lymphocytes count and decreased the heterophils count and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. The highest Escherichia coli count and lowest Lactobacillus count in ileal content of the broilers were observed in the control group (P < 0.05). The additives used in this study may be incorporated in the drinking water of broiler chickens as growth promoters and for improved performance. A further, wider supplementation study is required to understand the performance, immune system, variation in the intestinal microbial counts, and any other possible alteration in the intestinal biota of the broilers.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.