鸡组织中禽波氏杆菌间接免疫荧光组化定位检测方法的建立

为研究禽波氏杆菌感染鸡后在体内组织器官中的定植规律及其在不同组织细胞中的定位、定量状况,本试验对禽波氏杆菌感染鸡组织器官的固定剂进行了筛选,制备石蜡切片,选择良好的粘片剂,利用纯化的兔抗禽波氏杆菌外膜蛋白IgG作为一抗,建立了能进行禽波氏杆菌抗原定位检测的间接免疫荧光组化法,并对禽波氏杆菌人工感染鸡进行了检测。经多次优化,确定将10%中性福尔马林作为固定剂固定组织24 h,0.1%多聚-L-赖氨酸作为切片的粘片剂。最佳工作条件为2%脱脂奶粉37℃封闭30 min;兔抗禽波氏杆菌外膜蛋白IgG 1:100稀释,4℃孵育过夜;荧光素标记羊抗兔二抗1:20稀释,37℃作用30 min。该方法重复性和特异性检测良好,对禽波氏杆菌感染雏鸡组织器官的检测结果表明,该法能特异性地对鸡组织器官中的禽波氏杆菌进行抗原定位,气管、肺脏、肝脏、心脏、脾脏、肾脏中的禽波氏杆菌抗原均呈现特异性荧光信号,同细菌分离鉴定方法检测的阳性符合率为99.27%。试验结果表明,本试验所建立的间接免疫荧光组化法可作为一种有效的检测方法用于禽波氏杆菌致病机制的研究。     

间接免疫酶组化检测禽波氏杆菌在感染鸡体内的抗原定位

本试验以超声破碎和高速离心方法提取禽波氏杆菌外膜蛋白,作为抗原免疫家兔,制备并纯化兔抗禽波氏杆菌外膜蛋白IgG,建立了能进行禽波氏杆菌抗原定位和检测的间接免疫酶组化法,并对试验条件进行了优化。对禽波氏杆菌人工感染海兰褐雏鸡的检测结果表明,该法能特异性地对气管、肺、肝、心、脾、肾中的禽波氏杆菌进行抗原定位,同细菌分离鉴定的结果符合率为100％。同时对感染鸡胚肝脏和心脏中禽波氏杆菌的检测结果均为阳性。该法具有高度敏感性和特异性特点,可用于禽波氏杆菌临床和试验感染条件下的诊断和定位检测。     

间接免疫荧光染色检测石蜡切片中的鸭病毒性肠炎病毒和抗原定位

差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化鸭病毒性肠炎病毒(DEV)免疫兔制备兔抗DEV高免血清后,用DEAE-Sephadex A-50柱层析纯化的兔抗DEVIgG建立了间接免疫荧光染色法(IFA)检测石蜡切片中DEV的方法。IFA的最佳条件为:石蜡切片用10mmol/L pH6.0的柠檬酸缓冲液为微波修复液微波修复10min,胰酶修复20min;10%小牛血清室温封闭30min;加入1∶25的兔抗DEVIgG于4℃孵育过夜;再加入FITC标记的羊抗兔IgG于37℃孵育45min。以建立的IFA对DEV人工皮下感染死亡鸭的各组织器官进行检测,在死亡鸭的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、肝脏、食道、十二指肠、直肠及肺脏中检测到DEV抗原。研究表明,IFA检测石蜡切片中的DEV具有直观、特异性强的优点,是对DEV进行检测和抗原定位的良好方法。     

鸡奇异变形杆菌外膜蛋白的抗血清制备及其荧光标记抗体检测方法的建立

为建立鸡奇异变形杆菌(P.mirabilis)直接荧光标记抗体检测方法,本研究提取P.mirabilis外膜蛋白(OMP),以OMP免疫健康新西兰家兔制备兔抗鸡P.mirabilis OMP高免血清,纯化的IgG,用FITC标记得到兔抗鸡P.mirabilis OMP-IgG的荧光标记抗体,建立直接荧光标记抗体检测方法。应用该方法检测临床样品184份,检测结果与细菌分离法和微量平板凝集比较,结果表明提取的OMP含有6种成分,分子量分别为67.0ku、63.1ku、57.5ku、53.7ku、43.0ku和31.6ku,经过优化的OMP-IgG荧光标记抗体最佳工作浓度为0.25mg/mL,最佳感作时间为30min。临床检测结果显示该方法具有简便、快速、敏感和特异性强等优点,为鸡P.mirabilis病的流行病学调查和临床快速诊断提供了技术保障。     

鸡抗REV血清的制备与检定

用网状内皮组织增生症病毒（REV）HA9901株免疫SPF鸡,无菌采血制备鸡抗REV血清。通过ELISA、IFA、AGP、HI等方法对制备的血清进行检测,未检出禽类常见的其他17种（或亚型）病毒的抗体,该血清具有良好的特异性。通过测定,该血清用于间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）的效价为1：2000,用于IFA检测REV的染色效果与REV单抗（11818和11854的混合物）相当。试验结果表明,该批血清1000倍稀释可作为一抗,用于REV的间接免疫荧光检测。     

布鲁氏菌5种蛋白的原核表达及其作为间接ELISA检测用抗原的适用性比较

为比较布鲁氏菌蛋白BP26、OMP16、CP39、SP41、eryC作为间接ELISA检测用抗原的适用性,本研究原核表达并纯化了这5种蛋白,分别以其作为包被抗原,对反应条件进行优化,建立了布鲁氏菌病5种血清抗体间接ELISA检测方法。结果显示,重组蛋白BP26、OMP16、CP39、SP41、eryC大小分别约为32 ku、21 ku、30 ku、51 ku和38 ku,均可被布鲁氏菌阳性血清所识别,具有良好的免疫反应性。利用5种重组蛋白作为包被抗原建立的间接ELISA方法,与牛结核、牛病毒性腹泻等常见牛病阳性血清之间无交叉反应;对28份阴、阳性参考血清进行检测,以BP26作为包被抗原建立的间接ELISA P/N值最高。利用建立的方法和IDEXX试剂盒对48份临床血清样品进行平行检测,重组蛋白BP26、OMP16、CP39、SP41、eryC相应ELISA方法的符合率分别为87.5 %、87.5 %、89.6 %、85.4 %、79.2 %。结合敏感性、特异性等因素综合分析,以重组蛋白BP26作为检测抗原建立的间接ELISA方法效果较为理想,可适用于临床布鲁氏菌感染的检测。     

泰山松花粉多糖和乳酸杆菌对禽波氏杆菌OMP亚单位疫苗免疫增强的协同作用

采用改进的水提醇沉法提取泰山松花粉粗多糖,并制备禽波氏杆菌OMP亚单位疫苗。取1日龄SPF雏鸡300只,随机分为6组,I～V组分别免疫含有松花粉多糖100g／I。的禽波氏杆菌OMP亚单位疫苗,Ⅵ组只免疫禽波氏杆菌OMP亚单位疫苗,I、Ⅱ组在前2周分别口服高、低剂量的乳酸杆菌活菌菌液1mL,HI、IV分别口服高、低剂量的乳酸杆菌热灭活菌菌液1mL。在首免后,每周采取血液和小肠,用间接ELISA法检测血清抗体水平、MTT法检测外周血淋巴细胞转化率、全自动血细胞分析仪测定外周血淋巴细胞比率、ELISA法检测小肠sIgA含量和IL-2水平。结果表明,I～Ⅳ组抗体水平、IL一2含量、淋巴细胞比率、淋巴细胞转化率、sIgA含量显著高于V组、Ⅵ组（P％0．05）;V组各检测指标显著高于Ⅵ组（P〈O．05）;乳酸杆菌活菌组各检测指标比灭活菌组略高,高剂量组略高于低剂量组。因此,泰山松花粉多糖作为免疫佐剂能显著提高疫苗的免疫效果,同时1：3服乳酸杆菌能进一步增强动物对疫苗的免疫应答能力,口服乳酸杆菌活菌与口服热灭活菌效果差异不显著,泰山松花粉多糖和乳酸杆菌对增强禽波氏杆菌OMP疫苗的免疫力有协同作用。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒间接免疫荧光检测方法的建立及应用

为建立牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)间接免疫荧光法(IFA)。通过以山羊抗牛BVDV多克隆血清为一抗,荧光素FITC标记的兔抗羊Ig G为二抗。将BVDV接种于MDBK细胞后,对方法的反应条件进行优化。结果表明IFA最优条件:80%丙酮4℃固定30 min;一抗与二抗均为1∶200稀释37℃孵育1 h。同时,该方法的特异性、灵敏性及重复性均较好,可用于猪瘟活疫苗中污染BVDV的检测。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒重组M蛋白免疫血清在病原检测中的应用

以纯化的猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）重组M蛋白免疫新西兰兔，制备免疫血清，用间接ELISA测得免疫血清效价达1：14000。通过间接ELISA进行病原检测，表明制备的免疫血清与全病毒具有较好的特异性。用免疫血清进行病原间接免疫荧光检测，TGEV感染的细胞培养物中多数细胞在其胞浆和细胞膜上出现黄绿色闪亮荧光，且荧光强度强，而未接种病毒的细胞培养物未见有黄绿色闪亮荧光，表明用所制备的抗TGEV重组M蛋白的免疫血清进行病原间接免疫荧光检测具有较高的特异性，为TGEV准确快速诊断与鉴别奠定了基础。     

禽白血病病毒抗体间接ELISA 检测方法的建立及初步应用

以大肠杆菌表达、纯化的禽白血病病毒（ALV）重组P27蛋白为包被抗原,建立了检测ALV-P27抗体的间接ELISA方法,为禽白血病流行病学调查提供了一种简便的血清学检测方法.该方法与9种禽常见传染病病毒阳性血清及大肠杆菌阳性血清无交叉反应,具有较好的特异性;批内、批间重复试验变异系数均小于10％,具有良好的重复性;新建立的ELISA方法比IDEXX公司生产的ALVA、B亚群抗体检测试剂盒和J亚群抗体检测试剂盒相对于免疫荧光试验（IFA）有更高的符合率.     

应用23S rRNA对禽波氏杆菌分离株的进化分析

通过PCR扩增分离保存的8株禽波氏杆菌、3株兔支气管败血波氏杆菌及1株猪支气管败血波氏杆菌菌株的23S rRNA基因的片段(710bp),分别克隆到载体pMD18-T后测序。利用BLAST工具进行同源性搜索;用DNAStar分析软件进行同源核苷酸序列的多重比较分析并构建禽波氏杆菌菌株的系统生物进化树。结果显示,8株禽波氏杆菌核苷酸序列之间同源性为99.2%～99.7%,与GenBank中收录的NC_010645株禽波氏杆菌核苷酸序列同源性为92.4%～92.5%,与兔支气管败血波氏杆菌和猪支气管败血波氏杆菌的核苷酸序列同源性均为98.5%～99.2%。国内分离的禽波氏杆菌菌株和支气管败血波氏杆菌菌株均与国外分离菌株在遗传基因上有一定的差异。结果表明,23S rRNA序列分析可以作为鉴定禽波氏杆菌的一种快速简便的方法。     

Bioinformatics Analysis,Cloning and Expression of Omp19 Gene of Brucella and Preliminary Establishment of ELISA Method

This study was aimed to further investigate the structure and function of Brucella outer membrane protein 19 (OMP19),obtain the recombinant protein of OMP19 with reactivity,and establish the new method for diagnosing brucellosis based on indirect ELISA.The amino acid sequence of OMP19 protein was analyzed by bioinformatics software,Omp19 gene was amplified by PCR,and the recombinant expression vector pET-32a-Omp19 was constructed by seamless cloning method,it was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells,induced and purified OMP19 protein.The immunogenicity of OMP19 protein was detected by Western blotting and ELISA,respectively,to establish an indirect ELISA method based on the protein.The results showed that there were 19 signal peptide sequences in the N terminal of OMP19 protein,and the secondary structure was random coil,and OMP19 protein contained dominant antigenic epitopes.The prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a-Omp19 was successfully constructed by PCR and seamless cloning method,the OMP19 fusion protein was successfully induced,expressed and purified,the size of protein was about 35 ku,which was consistent with the expect size.The reactivity of OMP19 was identified by Western blotting and ELISA,the results showed that the fusion protein had good reactivity,and the coating concentration was 10 μg/mL.The dilution ratio of the first antibody was 1：50 and the second antibody dilution ratio was 1：8 000,the P/N value reach the highest at 2.80.The results laid a foundation for the establishment of rapid diagnosis of brucellosis and the development of new vaccine.     

布鲁氏菌Omp19基因的生物信息学分析、克隆表达和ELISA方法的初步建立

为了进一步研究布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白19（outer membrane protein 19,OMP19）的结构与功能,并获得具有反应原性的OMP19重组蛋白,建立布鲁氏菌间接ELISA抗体检测方法,试验通过生物信息学软件对OMP19蛋白进行氨基酸序列分析,经PCR技术克隆Omp19基因,利用无缝克隆技术构建重组表达载体pET-32a-Omp19,将其转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞,诱导其表达并纯化,并通过Western blotting和ELISA分析方法分别检测OMP19蛋白的反应原性,以建立基于该蛋白的间接ELISA方法。结果显示,OMP19蛋白N端有19个信号肽序列,二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,且OMP19蛋白含有优势抗原表位,利用PCR技术和无缝克隆技术成功构建了Omp19基因的原核表达载体pET-32a-Omp19,成功诱导表达并纯化了OMP19融合蛋白,大小约为35 ku,与理论值相符,并通过Western blotting和ELISA方法鉴定OMP19的反应原性,结果表明该蛋白具有较好的反应原性,且包被浓度为10 μg/mL,一抗稀释比为1：50,二抗稀释比为1：8 000时,P/N值最大,为2.80。本研究结果为布鲁氏菌病快速诊断方法的建立和新型疫苗的研发奠定了理论基础。     

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Bordetella avium infection in turkey flocks: sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Bordetella avium infection in turkey poults was developed. One-week-old poults challenged intratracheally with 10(12) colony-forming units of B. avium had detectable titers (greater than or equal to 11), with an average of 13.6% positive samples when the birds were 6 to 11 weeks old. The method was sensitive enough to detect maternal antibodies to B. avium in poults up to 3 weeks of age. The same poults challenged at 1 week of age had 100% tracheal infection up to 3 weeks of age, which dropped to 0% by 6 weeks. The method resulted in no false-positive samples (titer = 0) from birds not infected with B. avium and tested weekly between 4 and 11 weeks of age. Antibodies in turkey flocks infected with Newcastle disease virus, hemorrhagic enteritis virus, and Mycoplasma meleagridis, and birds infected with Escherichia coli had no apparent cross-reactivity to the B. avium antigens used in the ELISA. The percentages of B. avium-positive serum samples collected from different turkey flocks did not significantly differ (P greater than 0.05) when samples were tested by the developed ELISA at different times, an indication of the reproducibility of the method.     

由禽波氏杆菌和奇异变形杆菌共感染为主所致鸡胚发病死亡的生物学鉴定

2010年,辽宁铁岭某种鸡孵化场出现孵化率低、死淘率高的现象。通过对送检病死鸡胚进行病原检测,最终检测出5株革兰阴性杆菌和3种病毒,其中禽波氏杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的检出率分别为76．44％、61.36％,两者混合感染率达51．83％,而其他病原菌（大肠杆菌、沙门菌、绿脓杆菌）和病毒（AI,V、REV、CIAV）的检出率均较低。采用1对根据病原菌23SrRNA基因的共同保守序列设计的引物,以及根据临床常见致病菌16s～23SrRNA基因间隔序列（ISR）两端的16S及23SrRNA保守序列而设计的通用引物分别对分离菌进行PCR扩增。并分别测定所得片段的DNA序列。结果显示,所得DNA片段分别与GenBank中收录的登录号为HM545299的禽波氏杆菌和登录号为AY993943的奇异变形杆菌的相应核苷酸序列同源性达99．5％和98．7％。本研究最终确定禽波氏杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的混合感染是引起该场疫情发生的主要原因。     

Isolation and characterisation of Bordetella avium and related species and an evaluation of their role in respiratory disease in poultry

A total of 24 Gram negative non fermentative bacteria obtained from poultry were compared with reference strains of Bordetella avium, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bordetella bronchiseptica and a Bordetella avium-like organism. Thirteen isolates were identified as B. avium and 11 were identified as B. avium-like. A commercial microidentification kit (the API2ONE) did not identify the field isolates but did separate them correctly into the 2 groups. A practical identification scheme, suitable for diagnostic laboratories, is proposed for these organisms. The available clinical histories suggest that B. avium is associated with upper respiratory tract disease in turkeys.     

Fowl cholera: influence of Bordetella avium on vaccinal immunity of turkeys to Pasteurella multocida

Turkeys exposed to Bordetella avium were vaccinated against fowl cholera with live Pasteurella multocida vaccine. Previous exposure to B. avium resulted in impairment of systemic immunity conferred by the vaccine: 86% of the vaccinated turkeys exposed to B. avium at 1 day old developed lesions or died of fowl cholera after challenge at 15 weeks old with virulent P. multocida. Of vaccinated turkeys not previously exposed to B. avium, only 26% had lesions or died of fowl cholera.     

Isolation of Bordetella avium from poultry

Four Australian isolates of Gram-negative nonfermentative bacteria obtained from poultry were compared with reference strains of Bordetella avium, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Alcaligenes faecalis. The Australian isolates were identified as Bordetella avium. A routine procedure for the identification of this recently recognised poultry pathogen is described.