甘草提取物、乳酸菌及其联合添加对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究甘草提取物、乳酸菌及其联合添加对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响。选取健康状况良好的1日龄雄性良凤花肉鸡420只，随机分为4组，每组7个重复，每个重复15只。4组试验鸡分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.1%甘草提取物(甘草组)、基础饲粮+4.5×10⁷CFU/g嗜酸乳杆菌(乳酸菌组)和基础饲粮+0.1%甘草提取物+4.5×10⁷CFU/g嗜酸乳杆菌(联合组)。试验期84 d。结果显示：1)与对照组相比，甘草组和乳酸菌组肉鸡56和84日龄体重显著增加(P<0.05),57～84日龄平均日增重(ADG)显著提高、料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05)；甘草组和联合组肉鸡29～56日龄及57～84日龄平均日采食量(ADFI)显著提高(P<0.05)。联合组肉鸡56和84日龄体重、57～84日龄ADG和ADFI及1～84日龄ADFI显著高于甘草组和乳酸菌组(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比，甘草组、乳酸菌组及联合组肉鸡全净膛率显著提高(P<0.05)，腹脂率显...     

活性酵母对脂多糖应激黄羽肉鸡肠道健康的影响

本试验旨在研究活性酵母对脂多糖(LPS)应激黄羽肉鸡肠道健康的影响。选取480羽1日龄黄羽肉公鸡,随机分成6个组,分别为抗生素组(基础饲粮+0.025‰抗生素)、抗生素+LPS组(基础饲粮+0.025‰抗生素,注射LPS)、0.05%活性酵母组(基础饲粮+0.05%活性酵母)、0.05%活性酵母+LPS组(基础饲粮+0.05%活性酵母,注射LPS)、0.50%活性酵母组(基础饲粮+0.50%活性酵母)和0.50%活性酵母+LPS组(基础饲粮+0.50%活性酵母,注射LPS),每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期56 d。抗生素+LPS组、0.05%活性酵母+LPS组和0.50%活性酵母+LPS组的试验鸡于21、23、25和27日龄每只鸡肌肉注射2 mL 0.2 mg/mL LPS,其余试验鸡肌肉注射等量生理盐水。于21和27日龄注射LPS或生理盐水后2、4、6、8、10、12和24 h测量试验鸡的直肠温度,并检测27和56日龄试验鸡的肠道细胞凋亡指数以及27、35和56日龄试验鸡的肠道食糜微生物数量和肠道形态结构。结果表明:1)与注射生理盐水相比,LPS刺激显著提高了21日龄注射后2 h和27日龄注射后2和4 h黄羽肉鸡的直肠温度(P0.05),显著降低了21日龄注射后12 h和27日龄注射后8 h黄羽肉鸡的直肠温度(P0.05);饲粮中添加活性酵母对黄羽肉鸡的直肠温度无显著影响(P0.05);饲粮中添加活性酵母与肌肉注射LPS对黄羽肉鸡的直肠温度无显著交互作用(P0.05)。2)与注射生理盐水相比,LPS应激显著提高了27日龄黄羽肉鸡的十二指肠和回肠细胞凋亡指数(P0.05);饲粮中添加活性酵母对黄羽肉鸡的肠道细胞凋亡指数无显著影响(P0.05);饲粮中添加活性酵母与肌肉注射LPS对黄羽肉鸡的肠道细胞凋亡指数无显著交互作用(P0.05)。3)与抗生素相比,饲粮中添加0.05%和0.50%的活性酵母显著提高了27、35和56日龄黄羽肉鸡回肠食糜酵母菌数量(P0.05);与注射生理盐水相比,LPS应激对黄羽肉鸡回肠和盲肠食糜微生物数量无显著影响(P0.05);饲粮中添加活性酵母与肌肉注射LPS对黄羽肉鸡肠道食糜微生物数量无显著交互作用(P0.05)。4)与抗生素相比,饲粮中添加0.50%活性酵母显著提高了35日龄黄羽肉鸡的空肠绒毛高度(P0.05);与注射生理盐水相比,LPS应激显著提高了56日龄黄羽肉鸡的十二指肠隐窝深度(P0.05);饲粮中添加活性酵母与肌肉注射LPS对黄羽肉鸡的肠道形态结构无显著交互作用(P0.05)。综上所述,LPS能成功诱导黄羽肉鸡的免疫应激反应,饲粮中添加活性酵母能够提高黄羽肉鸡肠道绒毛高度和食糜中酵母菌数量,改善肠道黏膜及菌群结构,但肌肉注射LPS与饲粮中添加活性酵母无显著交互作用。     

D-泛酸钙对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平D-泛酸钙对1~70日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,以确定黄羽肉鸡饲粮中D-泛酸钙的适宜添加水平。试验选取960羽1日龄健康黄羽肉公鸡(梅黄1号),随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复20羽。6个组分别在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、10、15、20、25和30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙。试验期70 d,分为前期(1~35日龄)和后期(36~70日龄)2个阶段。结果表明:1)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡1~35日龄平均日增重(ADG)、36~70日龄料重比(F/G)以及1~70日龄ADG和F/G均呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加20 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著提高1~70日龄ADG(P<0.05),饲粮中添加15~30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著降低1~70日龄F/G(P<0.05)。2)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡胸肌滴水损失呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),且与对照组相比,饲粮中添加10~30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著降低胸肌滴水损失(P<0.05)。3)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡35和70日龄血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加15~25 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著提高血清T-AOC(P<0.05),饲粮中添加10~30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著降低血清MDA含量(P<0.05)。4)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡35和70日龄血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),且与对照组相比,饲粮中添加15和20 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著提高血清IgG含量(P<0.05)。5)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡70日龄血清白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),且与对照组相比,饲粮中添加15~30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著降低血清IL-6和TNF-α含量(P<0.05)。6)以生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能为评价指标,通过二次曲线回归分析,1~35日龄和36~70日龄肉鸡饲粮中D-泛酸钙的适宜添加水平分别为19.73~25.21 mg/kg和14.97~23.40 mg/kg。综上所述,饲粮中添加D-泛酸钙可提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能,经综合评价,推荐黄羽肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮中D-泛酸钙的添加水平为14.97~25.21 mg/kg。     

植物乳杆菌RSJ01对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标、肠道微生物和肠道形态结构的影响

为研究植物乳杆菌RSJ01对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标、肠道微生物和肠道结构形态的影响,采用笼养方式,选取144只1日龄黄羽肉鸡,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复8羽。空白组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组添加0.06%的复合抗生素,试验组添加10 m L/kg的植物乳杆菌RSJ01菌液（菌数1.5×109CFU/mL,下同）。试验期分1～20、21～41、42～75日龄三个阶段,一共75 d。结果表明：（1）1～20日龄阶段,乳酸菌组黄羽肉鸡的平均日增重较空白组显著提高11.48%(P <0.05);(2)75日龄时乳酸菌组肉鸡的血清抗氧化指标与空白组相比无显著性差异;（3）75日龄时乳酸菌组黄羽肉鸡的回肠和盲肠乳酸菌含量与空白组无显著性差异,但较抗生素组分别显著提高28.51倍和10.75倍（P <0.05）;(4)75日龄时乳酸菌组肉鸡回肠的绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）值较空白组分别显著提高26.00%和15.94%(P <0.05)。综上所述,日粮中全程添加10 m L/kg的植物乳杆菌RSJ01菌液能显著提高黄羽肉鸡在1～20日龄阶段的平均日增重...     

日龄和饲粮添加大麦虫粉对黄羽肉鸡肠道结构、紧密连接蛋白和防御肽mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究黄羽肉鸡早期发育过程中肠道结构和功能发育的变化,以及在饲粮中添加大麦虫粉对其肠道结构和功能发育的影响。选取90只1日龄健康的黄羽肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加300 g/t 15%金霉素和40 g/t 50%维吉尼亚霉素的饲粮,大麦虫粉组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加3%大麦虫粉的饲粮。3组饲粮的营养水平相同,试验期7 d。结果表明:1)1~7日龄,随着日龄的增长,黄羽肉鸡小肠总长度显著增加(P<0.05),回肠相对长度显著增加(P<0.05);十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值显著提高(P<0.05);空肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度和杯状细胞数量显著提高(P<0.05),V/C值先显著提高(P<0.05)后又出现降低;回肠绒毛高度和杯状细胞数量显著提高(P<0.05)。2)1~7日龄,随着日龄的增长,黄羽肉鸡十二指肠封闭蛋白-1(claudin-1)、β-防御肽8(AvBD8)和回肠AvBD8的mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05);十二指肠多聚免疫球蛋白受体(pIgR)和回肠黏蛋白2(MUC2)、pIgR、NK溶素(NK-lysin)的mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加3%大麦虫粉有提高黄羽肉鸡十二指肠V/C值和回肠闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)mRNA相对表达量的趋势(P>0.05)。综上所述,1~7日龄,黄羽肉鸡小肠总长度、绒毛高度和杯状细胞数量迅速增加,十二指肠claudin-1、AvBD8和回肠AvBD8的mRNA相对表达量逐渐降低,十二指肠pIgR和回肠MUC2、pIgR、NK-lysin的mRNA相对表达量逐渐提高;饲粮添加3%大麦虫粉可以提高黄羽肉鸡十二指肠V/C值,促进回肠ZO-1的mRNA表达,表明大麦虫粉可以改善黄羽肉鸡营养和先天性肠道发育。     

大麦虫粉对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、肠道结构和菌群组成的影响

【目的】 探究大麦虫粉对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、肠道结构和菌群组成的影响。【方法】 选择平均体重(BW)为(30.03±0.23)g的1日龄健康的黄羽肉鸡216只, 随机分为3组, 每组6个重复, 每个重复12只, 分别饲喂以下3种饲粮: 基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+1%大麦虫粉及基础饲粮+3%大麦虫粉。各组饲粮营养水平相同, 试验期为63 d。分别统计21、42和63日龄各处理各阶段的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、体重(BW)、料重比(F/G)和死淘率。试验鸡于63日龄屠宰, 取十二指肠、空肠、回肠组织用于测量肠段长度和肠道结构, 取回肠中段内容物和盲肠内容物用于菌群组成分析。【结果】 与对照组相比, 1~21日龄ADG及21日龄BW、ADFI、料重比和死淘率均无显著性差异(P>0.05);22~42日龄, 1%和3%大麦虫粉组ADG和42日龄BW均显著增加(P<0.05), 料重比显著降低(P<0.05);43~63日龄, 1%大麦虫粉组63日龄BW显著增加(P<0.05), 3%大麦虫粉组ADFI显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比, 21日龄时, 1%和3%大麦虫粉组盲肠长度均显著增加(P<0.05);42日龄时, 3%大麦虫粉组十二指肠长度显著增加(P<0.05);63日龄时, 各处理组十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠长度差异均不显著(P>0.05), 且1%大麦虫组十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒隐比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。肠道微生物菌群组成上, 对照组和1%大麦虫粉组回肠中优势菌群依次是乳杆菌属、罗氏杆菌属和拟杆菌属, 盲肠中优势菌属依次是拟杆菌属、Alistipes属和乳杆菌属; 与对照组相比, 1%大麦虫粉组回肠中乳杆菌属、拟杆菌属和Alistipes属比例上升, 罗氏杆菌属下降; 1%大麦虫粉组盲肠中拟杆菌属和Alistipes属比例上升, 乳杆菌属和罗氏杆菌属下降。【结论】 添加适量大麦虫粉能够改善黄羽肉鸡的生产性能和消化道发育, 其具有调控肠道微生物菌群组成和抑菌作用。     

丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验通过在基础饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌,研究其对肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择1日龄180只健康爱拔益加肉鸡,随机分为3个组,分别为无抗对照组、抗生素组和丁酸梭菌组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。无抗对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加5 mg/kg黄霉素、75 mg/kg金霉素和20 mg/kg吉他霉素,丁酸梭菌组在基础饲粮中添加2.5×108CFU/kg丁酸梭菌,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加丁酸梭菌未显著影响肉鸡21日龄和42日龄体重、1~21日龄平均日增重和料重比(P>0.05);与无抗对照组相比,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌极显著降低了1~21日龄肉鸡平均日采食量(P<0.01)。2)与无抗对照组和抗生素组相比,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌显著提高了42日龄肉鸡血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇含量和碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。3)与无抗对照组或抗生素组相比,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌显著提高了42日龄肉鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量(P<0.05);与无抗对照组相比,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌极显著降低了21日龄和42日龄肉鸡血清氨含量(P<0.01),显著降低了21日龄肉鸡血清尿酸含量(P<0.05)。综上,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌显著改变了肉鸡脂类代谢,提高了血清中蛋白质含量,降低了蛋白质代谢废物含量。     

载铜硅酸盐纳米微粒对黄羽肉鸡肠道菌群、氮代谢和排泄物氨逸失的影响

本试验旨在研究载铜硅酸盐纳米微粒(CSN)对黄羽肉鸡肠道菌群、氮代谢和排泄物氨逸失的影响。将420只1日龄岭南黄羽肉鸡随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复70只(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+2 g/kg CSN。试验期50 d,分1～21日龄和22～50日龄2个阶段。测定指标包括平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比,50日龄盲肠内大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌、总好氧菌和总厌氧菌的数量,21日龄和50日龄盲肠内容物的pH,饲养过程中鸡舍内氨气浓度的动态变化,血清和粪便中的黄嘌呤氧化酶活性及尿酸、尿素氮、氨态氮含量。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,CSN组黄羽肉鸡各生长性能指标均无显著变化(P>0.05),但CSN具有降低22～50日龄和1～50日龄阶段料重比的趋势。2)CSN显著降低了50日龄黄羽肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌和总好氧菌数量(P<0.05),显著增加了盲肠乳酸杆菌和总厌氧菌数量(P<0.05),显著降低了21日龄黄羽肉鸡盲肠pH(P<0.05),且具有降低粪便pH的趋势(P>0.05),而50日龄黄羽肉鸡盲肠pH和粪便pH均无显著变化(P>0.05)。3)CSN显著降低了21日龄黄羽肉鸡血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性和50日龄黄羽肉鸡粪便尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。4)CSN显著降低了19、25、31、37、43、49日龄时鸡舍氨气浓度(P<0.05)。结果提示:CSN能调节肠道微生物区系,促进有益菌的生长,抑制有害菌的生长,影响体内的氮代谢,从而可在一定程度上降低排泄物氨的逸失。     

酿酒酵母培养物对817肉仔鸡生长性能、养分表观利用率及肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在探讨酿酒酵母培养物(SC)对817肉仔鸡生长性能、养分表观利用率及肠道菌群的影响。试验选取1日龄体重相近的817肉仔鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加20 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素+2.6 mg/kg黄霉素,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加2 500、5 000、7 500 mg/kg SC,试验期为60 d。结果显示:1)1~21日龄,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)均显著高于对照组(P0.05),与抗生素组无显著差异(P0.05);在22~60日龄和1~60日龄2个阶段,试验Ⅱ组的ADG显著高于对照组(P0.05),ADFI显著高于抗生素组(P0.05);22~60日龄,3个试验组的料重比和死亡率较对照组差异均不显著(P0.05),但在1~60日龄有下降趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。2)试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组较对照组显著提高了总磷的表观利用率(P0.05);各组粗蛋白质、钙的表观利用率无显著差异(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组盲肠中大肠杆菌的数量显著降低(P0.05),与抗生素组无显著差异(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组盲肠中乳酸菌数量和试验Ⅲ组空肠中双歧杆菌数量均显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加适宜水平的SC能增加817肉仔鸡ADFI和ADG,降低料重比,增强对饲粮中总磷的利用率,促进乳酸菌、双歧杆菌的增殖,抑制大肠杆菌的增殖;当SC添加水平为5 000 mg/kg时,对动物的促生长效果最佳,优于抗生素。     

复合乳酸杆菌制剂对蛋种鸡产蛋性能、免疫机能和盲肠微生物的影响

为研究复合乳酸杆菌制剂对蛋种鸡产蛋性能、免疫机能和盲肠微生物区系的影响,试验选用170日龄蛋种鸡288只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%复合乳酸杆菌制剂的试验饲粮。试验期30 d。结果表明:1)各组蛋种鸡平均日采食量、平均蛋重和料蛋比均差异不显著(P>0.05);饲粮添加复合乳酸杆菌制剂可显著影响蛋种鸡的产蛋率(P<0.05),其中0.05%乳酸杆菌添加组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)饲粮添加复合乳酸杆菌制剂显著提高了蛋种鸡对粗蛋白质的表观消化率(P<0.05),但对钙和磷的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)饲粮添加0.05%复合乳酸杆菌制剂显著提高了蛋种鸡的禽流感抗体效价(P<0.05),添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%复合乳酸杆菌制剂均显著降低了盲肠大肠杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌的数量(P<0.05),显著提高了盲肠双歧杆菌和乳酸菌数量(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加复合乳酸杆菌制剂对蛋种鸡的产蛋性能、营养物质消化率、免疫机能都有一定提高作用,并改善了肠道微生物区系,其适宜添加水平为0.05%。     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

The effects of antibiotic,probiotic, organic acid,vitamin C,and Echinacea purpurea extract on performance,carcass characteristics,blood chemistry,microbiota, and immunity of broiler chickens

The present context investigated the comparative study on the supplementation of antibiotic, probiotic, organic acid, vitamin C, and herbal extract after vaccination into drinking water and their effects on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters, immune system, and intestinal flora in broiler chicks for 42 days. A total of 420 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into 7 treatments with 3 replicates (pens) per treatment and 20 male chicks for each replicate (pen). The experimental treatments consisted of drinking water (control, without additive); drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet; drinking water + C-Vet-50; drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + C-Vet-50; drinking water + probiotic Primalac; drinking water + butyric acid; and drinking water + extract of Echinacea purpurea Moench (coneflower). There were no differences observed among the treatments for feed intake, but during the whole experimental period, the highest body weight gain was found in the chicks fed with drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + 50 cc vitamin C (P < 0.05). There were no differences (P > 0.05) observed among the treatments for feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no differences reported among treatments for carcass characteristics at the end of the experiment. Among the treatments, drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea reduced (P < 0.05) the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins. Drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, drinking water + Primalac, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea increased (P < 0.05) the lymphocytes count and decreased the heterophils count and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. The highest Escherichia coli count and lowest Lactobacillus count in ileal content of the broilers were observed in the control group (P < 0.05). The additives used in this study may be incorporated in the drinking water of broiler chickens as growth promoters and for improved performance. A further, wider supplementation study is required to understand the performance, immune system, variation in the intestinal microbial counts, and any other possible alteration in the intestinal biota of the broilers.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.