环丙沙星与甲氧苄氨嘧啶（TMP）的体外联合抑菌研究

为了检测氟喹诺酮类药物与甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)联合用药产生的作用,作者进行了环丙沙星与TMP联用的体外抑菌试验。先用试管二倍稀释法测定两种药对13 种23 株病原菌的最小抑菌浓度,再用棋盘稀释法测定其FIC指数,判断联合药敏效果。结果表明,在20 株细菌对两种药联合药敏试验中,呈增强作用的占20% ,相加作用的占15% ,无关作用的占65% ,无出现拮抗作用。故除用药前确诊病原菌,并对联合药敏试验呈协同作用者,一般不应将环丙沙星与TMP联合使用。     

氟苯尼考体外抗菌活性测定

应用微量稀释法测定了氟苯尼考和TMP对11株畜合常见病原菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明，氟苯尼考对11株病原体有较强的抗菌活性，其MIC值均小于8μg／mL，联合药敏实验结果表明，氟苯尼考与TMP联用后，对大多数细菌的抑菌效果呈协同或相加作用，无拮抗现象。     

氟甲砜霉素对人工诱发鸭大肠杆菌病的疗效观察

氟甲砜霉素是氯霉素类广谱抗生素。氯霉素在临床上已应用多年 ,对许多肠杆菌病有较好疗效。但由于其毒副作用及耐药性问题 ,限制了氯霉素在临床上的应用。现在我国已经限制氯霉素应用于食品动物。氟甲砜霉素 (Florfenicol)是新一代的动物专用氯霉素类广谱抗生素 ,在结构上与甲砜霉素、氯霉素相似 ,具有抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强、吸收良好、体内分布广泛和不良反应小等优点。与氯霉素及甲砜霉素相比 ,氟甲砜霉素在 3位上的羟基被氟原子取代 ,阻止了细菌乙酰基转移酶在此位置上的乙酰化作用 ,避免了被细菌灭活 ,显著降低了细菌耐药性的产生 ,而…     

氟苯尼考对蛋鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

氟苯尼考又名氟甲砜霉素,是上世纪80年代后期研制成功的、一种新的兽医专用氯霉素类广谱抗菌药,其抗菌活性高于氯霉素及甲砜霉素,尤其对一些耐氯霉素及甲砜霉素的细菌仍表现出较高     

TMP对氟甲砜霉素体外抑菌效果的影响

氟甲砜霉素(Florfenicol)是氯霉素类兽用新型广谱抗菌药，因其抗菌谱广，抗菌效果强，且用药后不引起机体产生再生障碍性贫血等不良反应，使氟甲砜霉素在畜禽细菌性疾病的防治中呈现出较大的应用前景。但因其临床使用剂量过大(50mg／kg)，且价格较高，限制了氟甲砜霉素在临床上的使用范围。为了降低氟甲砜霉素临床使用剂量，防止敏感菌株过快地对氟甲砜霉素形成耐药性，本实验测定了氟甲砜霉素与抗菌增效剂TMP(三甲氧苄氨嘧啶)按不同比例联合时对猪源大肠杆菌、     

氟苯尼考对猪链球菌病的疗效试验

氟甲砜霉素（氟苯尼考，Fiorfenicol）系氯霉素族药物中的一种动物专用广谱抗生素，其结构与甲砜霉素相似，但抗菌活性、抗菌谱及不良反应方面明显优于甲矾霉素，其抗菌能力可达甲砜霉素的10倍之多。对95％的常见病原菌高度敏感，对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌均有强大的抑制作用；速效、长效、安全可靠、残留低、无交叉耐药性、安全范围大。     

复方氟苯尼考注射液对人工诱发猪气喘病的疗效试验

氟苯尼考（Florfenicol）是动物专用的氯霉素类新型广谱抗生素，它以甲砜基取代氯霉素分子结构中的硝基．消除了不可逆性致再生障碍性贫血的毒副作用；以氟基取代甲碱霉素分子结构中α-甲基位上的羟基（细菌产生耐药性的主要结合位点），不仅抗菌活性增强．而且对大部分耐氧霉素和甲砜霉素的菌株仍有活性。目前．国内外对该药单独使用的研究较多，但该药与多西环素联合对猪气喘病的治疗效果报道很少。     

PVPK氟苯尼考固体分散体的制备及体外溶出速率的研究

氟苯尼考(氟甲砜霉素，Florfenicol)是美国先灵葆雅公司研制的兽用广谱抗菌药物，为人工合成的甲砜霉素单氟衍生物。氟苯尼考广谱抗菌，对猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、支气管败血波氏杆菌、链球菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等革兰阳性和阴性细菌及支原体均有强大的杀伤力。其抗菌活性明显优于氯霉素和甲砜霉素(MIC约为10倍)，目前该药在兽医临床上应用非常广泛，但该药的可溶性剂型目前还没有质量标准，     

氟甲砜霉素对鸭大肠杆菌病的药效研究

为了探讨氟甲砜霉素对鸭大肠杆菌病的疗效进行了本研究。用试管2倍稀释法测定氟甲砜霉素及对照药氯霉素对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度，然后用氟甲砜霉素，氯霉素进行混饲给药5d的疗效试验，试验结果表明，氟甲砜霉素，氯霉素对大肠杆菌O78株的最小抑菌浓度分别为6mg/L,8mg/L,100,200,400mg/kg氟甲砜霉素混饲给药对鸭大肠杆菌病的有效率分别为30．3％，93．9％，100％,400mg/kg氯霉素的有效率为93．9％，试验各组之间鸭的增重差异不显著。     

氟苯尼考对氯霉素检测干扰的探讨

氟苯尼考(学名:氟甲砜霉素,Florfenicol)是新一代氯霉素类兽用合成抗菌素,其结构与氯霉素相似,但抗菌活性、抗菌谱及不良反应方面明显优于甲砜霉素和氯霉素,尤其是对某些药物(包括氯霉素和甲矾霉素)耐药菌株呈现高度的敏感性,且无潜在致再生障碍性贫血的危险,残留低,在规定休药     

无角陶赛特羊与小尾寒羊杂交试验

用无角陶赛特羊与青海省饲养的小尾寒羊进行杂交,试验结果表明:陶寒F1具有增重速度快、产肉性能高的优点,陶寒F13月龄重、6月龄重分别比小尾寒羊提高1.29kg(P<0.05)、5.58kg(P<0.01);日增重提高29.82g;胴体重、净肉重和眼肌面积分别提高5.13kg(P<0.01)、4.58kg(P<0.01)和4.0cm(P<0.01),杂交效果显著。     

Complications and survival associated with surgical compared with medical management of horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Based on clinical observation, it is hypothesised that horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ) that are treated surgically have a shorter duration, smaller volume, and slower rate of nasogastric reflux (NGR) compared to horses treated medically, are more likely to develop diarrhoea than medically managed cases, and have a higher incisional infection rate than a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. OBJECTIVES: To compare: 1) duration, volume and rate of NGR and the percentage of horses with diarrhoea between medically and surgically treated DPJ cases; and 2) incisional infection rate in horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration to a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. METHODS: Medical records of cases with DPJ diagnosed 1995-2006 were reviewed. Information obtained included subject details, presenting clinical findings, treatment category (medical/surgical), complications (diarrhoea, incisional infection), and outcome (survival/nonsurvival). Data were analysed using a Chi-squared test and a mixed model analysis of variance. Level of significance was P<0.05. RESULTS: Compared to medical cases, surgical cases had significantly decreased survival, a longer duration and larger total volume of NGR, and were more likely to develop diarrhoea. The incisional infection rate for horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration was 16% compared to 7% for the sample population of horses. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of horses with DPJ did not lead to resolution of NGR faster than medical treatment. Surgical cases were more likely to develop diarrhoea and did not have a significantly higher incisional infection rate than the sample population.     

Long-term treatment with carprofen of 805 dogs with osteoarthritis

The pain-relieving effect of carprofen and tolerance to the drug were investigated in 805 dogs that were lame as a result of osteoarthritis. The dogs were of different breeds, ages and bodyweights and of both sexes, and were selected from 51 veterinary clinics. Each dog was treated orally by its owner with 4 mg/kg carprofen for 84 consecutive days. Twenty-four dogs were removed from the study because of side effects, and 55 left the study for reasons unrelated to the treatment. The condition of the dogs and the benefit of the treatment were evaluated by the veterinary surgeons and the owners after 14 days, and at the end of the period of treatment, when 194 of the dogs (26.7 per cent) were no longer lame, and 357 (49.2 per cent) had improved. The period for which the dogs had been lame before entering the study significantly (P<0.01) affected the results and the rate of improvement. Too much exercise during the 84 days of treatment caused some dogs to relapse.     

Treatment of bitches with acquired urinary incontinence with oestriol.

Oestriol, a naturally occurring short-acting oestrogen, was used to treat acquired urinary incontinence in 129 bitches selected by 48 veterinary practitioners in the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Germany. The dogs were treated daily for 42 days with oestriol tablets, using a self-controlled study design. The dogs were examined and blood sampled at the beginning and end of the trial. According to the veterinary practitioners 83 per cent of the dogs either became continent or improved, but the others showed no change or became worse. The owners reported similar results: 82 per cent of the dogs responded to treatment and the others did not. The dose and treatment schedule for each dog were established on the basis of clinical efficacy. Mild and transient oestrogenic effects such as swelling of the vulva and attractiveness to male dogs were observed soon after the treatment began and at the higher dose schedule used in 12 of the dogs. A haematological examination of 114 of the dogs revealed no abnormalities.     

Climatic factors associated with the infection of herds of cattle with bluetongue viruses

The incidence of bluetongue virus infection of 15 cattle herds in Queensland, Australia, was determined by a serum neutralization test. The maximum temperature (°C), minimum temperature (°C) and rainfall (mm) data were obtained from the meteorological recording stations closest to each herd. Using unweighted least-squares regression analysis, the best statistical model explaining the most variability in the herd incidence rate included the ratio between the maximum and minimum temperature recorded at both 1 month and 6 months preceding seroconversion, and rainfall recorded at both 2 months and 6 months preceding seroconversion. More than 90% of the variability in the incidence of bluetongue virus infection in the herds was explained by the model, a considerable improvement on previous models that used prevalence data. The prospective nature of the study also supports a strong causal relationship between climatic factors and the occurrence of infection in cattle herds.Abbreviations SN serum neutralization - R _infa ^sup2 adjusted coefficient of multiple determination - AIC Akaike's information criterion - FPE Akaike's final prediction error - PRESS predicted sum of squares     

Anesthesia of growing pigs with tiletamine-zolazepam and reversal with flumazenil

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine/zolazepam and the effect of flumazenil on the recovery from tiletamine/zolazepam anesthesia in the pig. Six Landrace and Yorkshire cross-bred pigs (three females and three males, 3-4 months old) weighing 35.8 ± 1.7 kg were used in this study. Pigs were given tiletamine/zolazepam intramuscularly at a dose of 4.4 mg kg(-1) (2.2 mg kg(-1) tiletamine and 2.2 mg kg(-1) zolazepam) of body weight. Twenty minutes after the administration of tiletamine/zolazem, the pigs were given saline solution (control, Group TZ) or given flumazenil intravenously at a dose of 0.08 mg kg(-1) of body weight (Group TZF). Anesthesia and recovery times, scores of anesthetic effects and cardiorespiratory variables were recorded for each pig. There was a significant difference between the duration of tiletamine/zolazepam anesthesia with and without the antagonist. Flumazenil significantly shortened the recovery time. A significant difference in blood gas variables was observed between the two groups. The anesthetic effects induced by tiletamine/zolazepam could be reversed successfully and safely by flumazenil alone. Therefore, flumazenil administration could be considered in cases in which quick recovery is required in pigs.     

Treatment with gabapentin of 11 dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy

Eleven dogs diagnosed with refractory idiopathic epilepsy were treated orally with gabapentin for a minimum of three months at an initial dose of 10 mg/kg every eight hours. They were all experiencing episodes of generalised tonic-clonic seizures and had been treated chronically with a combination of phenobarbital and potassium bromide at doses sufficient to reach acceptable therapeutic serum levels without causing significant side effects. In each dog, the number of seizures per week, the average duration of the seizures and the number of days on which seizures occurred were compared for the three months before and after they were treated with gabapentin. A minimum 50 per cent reduction in the number of seizures per week was interpreted as a positive response to gabapentin, and six of the dogs showed a positive response. After the addition of gabapentin, both the number of seizures per week (P= 0.005) and the number of days with any seizures in a one-week period (P=0.03) were significantly reduced. Mild side effects of ataxia and sedation were observed in five of the dogs, but they were not severe enough to warrant the treatment being discontinued during the trial.