氟甲砜霉素对人工诱发鸭大肠杆菌病的疗效观察

氟甲砜霉素是氯霉素类广谱抗生素。氯霉素在临床上已应用多年 ,对许多肠杆菌病有较好疗效。但由于其毒副作用及耐药性问题 ,限制了氯霉素在临床上的应用。现在我国已经限制氯霉素应用于食品动物。氟甲砜霉素 (Florfenicol)是新一代的动物专用氯霉素类广谱抗生素 ,在结构上与甲砜霉素、氯霉素相似 ,具有抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强、吸收良好、体内分布广泛和不良反应小等优点。与氯霉素及甲砜霉素相比 ,氟甲砜霉素在 3位上的羟基被氟原子取代 ,阻止了细菌乙酰基转移酶在此位置上的乙酰化作用 ,避免了被细菌灭活 ,显著降低了细菌耐药性的产生 ,而…     

氟苯尼考

<正>氟苯尼考是一种氯霉素类的兽用广谱抗菌药,抗菌活性高于氯霉素及甲砜霉素,尤其对一些耐氯霉素及甲砜霉素的细菌仍然表现出较高的抗菌活性。特点如下:(1)具有极广的抗菌谱,对革兰氏阳性菌及阴性菌皆有强大的杀灭作用,对厌氧革兰     

氟苯尼考对蛋鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

氟苯尼考又名氟甲砜霉素,是上世纪80年代后期研制成功的、一种新的兽医专用氯霉素类广谱抗菌药,其抗菌活性高于氯霉素及甲砜霉素,尤其对一些耐氯霉素及甲砜霉素的细菌仍表现出较高     

TMP对氟甲砜霉素体外抑菌效果的影响

氟甲砜霉素(Florfenicol)是氯霉素类兽用新型广谱抗菌药，因其抗菌谱广，抗菌效果强，且用药后不引起机体产生再生障碍性贫血等不良反应，使氟甲砜霉素在畜禽细菌性疾病的防治中呈现出较大的应用前景。但因其临床使用剂量过大(50mg／kg)，且价格较高，限制了氟甲砜霉素在临床上的使用范围。为了降低氟甲砜霉素临床使用剂量，防止敏感菌株过快地对氟甲砜霉素形成耐药性，本实验测定了氟甲砜霉素与抗菌增效剂TMP(三甲氧苄氨嘧啶)按不同比例联合时对猪源大肠杆菌、     

氟苯尼考的研究进展及应用

氟苯尼考(FlorFenicol),又称氟甲砜霉素,是氯霉素类广谱抗菌药物中甲砜霉素的3位氟衍生物。氟苯尼考是美国先灵-葆雅(ScheringPlough)公司于1988年成功研制的一种新型兽医     

氟甲砜霉素与氯霉素抗菌作用比较

采用试管2倍稀释法,测定了氟甲砜霉素和氯霉素对鸡白痢沙门氏菌、禽巴氏杆菌、猪链球菌、禽大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鸭疫李氏杆菌等6种畜禽常见病原菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,氟甲砜霉素对受试菌的抗菌作用与氯霉素基本一致。     

PVPK氟苯尼考固体分散体的制备及体外溶出速率的研究

氟苯尼考(氟甲砜霉素，Florfenicol)是美国先灵葆雅公司研制的兽用广谱抗菌药物，为人工合成的甲砜霉素单氟衍生物。氟苯尼考广谱抗菌，对猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、支气管败血波氏杆菌、链球菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等革兰阳性和阴性细菌及支原体均有强大的杀伤力。其抗菌活性明显优于氯霉素和甲砜霉素(MIC约为10倍)，目前该药在兽医临床上应用非常广泛，但该药的可溶性剂型目前还没有质量标准，     

氯霉素类抗生素的残留分析

氯霉素类药物是一类作用强、抗菌谱广的抗生素。氯霉素、甲砜霉素和刚在我国开始使用的氟甲砜霉素是我国目前畜禽疾病防治的重要药物，在动物组织中的残留已引起重视。本文就此在药物的残留分析方法作一综述。     

氟苯尼考对猪链球菌病的疗效试验

氟甲砜霉素（氟苯尼考，Fiorfenicol）系氯霉素族药物中的一种动物专用广谱抗生素，其结构与甲砜霉素相似，但抗菌活性、抗菌谱及不良反应方面明显优于甲矾霉素，其抗菌能力可达甲砜霉素的10倍之多。对95％的常见病原菌高度敏感，对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌均有强大的抑制作用；速效、长效、安全可靠、残留低、无交叉耐药性、安全范围大。     

氟苯尼考粉对鸡金黄色葡萄球菌病的疗效试验

氟苯尼考(Florphenicol，又名氟甲砜霉素，是一种新型兽医专用氯霉素类抗菌药物，其抗菌谱广，吸收好，安全，对敏感菌所致的禽畜细菌性疾病治疗效果显著。氟苯尼考对耐氯霉素及甲砜霉素的细菌仍然敏感，如金黄色葡萄球菌，大肠埃希氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌与伤寒沙门氏菌等，而且氟苯尼考无氯霉素的再生障碍性贫血的不良反应，     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.