洮河中游春季浮游生物群落结构特征研究

2012年3月对洮河中游3个断面浮游生物群落进行调查研究。结果表明洮河中游共有浮游植物5门63种(属),数量介于1.26~6.83万个/L之间,平均为3.5万个/L,其中,硅藻门为优势种群;浮游动物包括原生动物、轮虫、枝角类、桡足类,共检出36种(属)。数量介于10~119个/L,平均为60.33个/L,生物量为0.0032~0.17 mg/L,平均为0.0669 mg/L。浮游植物多样性指数介于2~3,均匀度指数在0.5~0.8之间,表明洮河中游浮游生物丰富度值较低,群落结构组成不稳定,易受外界环境的干扰。     

二牛湾水库渔业生物资源调查及分析

二牛湾水库浮游植物年平均生物量约为15.16 mg/L,浮游动物年平均生物量约为0.3606 mg/L,浮游植物提供的鱼产力约为7.58 kg/亩,浮游动物提供的鱼产力约为0.3005 kg/亩.底栖动物提供的鱼产力为1.12 kg/亩,天然饵料生物为二牛湾水库提供的鱼产力为9.00 kg/亩.     

城圐圙水库渔业资源调查及分析

本文对城圐圙水库进行4次渔业资源调查监测。结果表明，城圐圙水库水质盐碱含量低，属淡水水库，无外源污染，水质较好，适于鱼类正常生长繁殖。浮游植物含量较丰富，平均生物量达4.282 mg/L。浮游动物平均生物量为0.554 4 mg/L。底栖动物生物量相对较小，平均生物量为1.89 g/m²，城圐圙水库天然饵料生物每年提供的鱼产力为3 279 kg。本文旨在研究城圐圙水库的水质和渔业生物现状，以期为下一步可持续开发利用水体提供参考依据。     

紫叶李组织培养及快繁体系的建立

试验以紫叶李春季萌生苗嫩枝为外植体,在腋芽诱导的基础上,建立“以芽尖诱导丛生芽”的组培快繁体系。腋芽诱导培养基为MS+6BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L与MS+6BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L;丛生芽增殖培养基为MS+BA1.0mg/L+IBA0.3mg/L;壮苗培养基为MS+6BA0.4mg/L+IBA0.1mg/L+GA30.2mg/L。最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA1.0mg/L+蔗糖20g/L。     

旱柳Q106组织培养及快繁体系的建立

以旱柳(Salixmatsudana)Q106春季萌生嫩枝为外植体,建立了“以芽繁芽”的组织培养快繁体系。丛生芽培养基为MS+BA0.4mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L。继代培养基为MS+BA0.4mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L和BA0.4mg/L+NAA0.4mg/L;MS+BA0.4mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L和BA0.4mg/L+IBA0.2mg/L交替使用。最佳生根培养基为MS+GA30.2mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L。     

母鼠铅镉暴露对仔鼠脑发育的影响及乙酰半胱氨酸的保护效应

为了观察母鼠围产期铅镉暴露对仔鼠生长发育和神经系统发育的影响及乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)的保护效应,45只怀孕SD大鼠被随机分为9组,均自受孕0d开始自由饮水染毒。Ⅰ组氯化镉10 mg/L,Ⅱ组氯化镉10 mg/L+NAC 20 mmol/L;Ⅲ组醋酸铅300 mg/L,Ⅳ组醋酸铅300mg/L+NAC 20 mmol/L;Ⅴ组氯化镉5 mg/L+醋酸铅150 mg/L;Ⅵ组氯化镉5 mg/L+醋酸铅150 mg/L+NAC 20 mmol/L;Ⅶ组氯化镉10 mg/L+醋酸铅300 mg/L;Ⅷ组氯化镉10 mg/L+醋酸铅300 mg/L+NAC 20 mmol/L,对照组饮用超纯水。结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组仔鼠体重、脑重增长缓慢,生理发育(萌牙、开眼时间)、早期神经反射及早期运动功能发育迟缓,差异显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),并且铅镉联合引起的毒性作用显著高于单独染毒;NAC拮抗组与相应的染毒组比较,仔鼠体重增长、早期神经反射及早期运动功能发育明显改善,且差异显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。铅镉联合染毒表现协同毒性效应,NAC对铅和/(或)镉暴露造成的脑组织损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

大豆异黄酮对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞泌乳性能及抗氧化能力的影响

通过体外细胞培养的方法研究大豆异黄酮对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞泌乳性能及抗氧化能力的影响。试验分为空白对照组与不同浓度大豆异黄酮组(1mg/L、10mg/L、100mg/L、1,000mg/L、5,000mg/L),培养72h后,检测奶牛乳腺上皮细胞分泌β-酪蛋白、乳糖、甘油三酯的含量以及细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)含量。结果表明,与空白对照组比较,添加10mg/L、100mg/L、1,000mg/L大豆异黄酮组奶牛乳腺上皮细胞分泌β-酪蛋白、乳糖和甘油三酯的能力显著提高(P<0.05);添加10mg/L、100mg/L、1,000mg/L、5,000mg/L大豆异黄酮组细胞SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性均显著提高(P<0.05),MDA、NO含量显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,添加10mg/L、100mg/L、1,000mg/L大豆异黄酮既能显著提高奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的泌乳性能,又能显著增强其抗氧化能力,且具有一定的剂量依赖性。     

多年生黑麦草组织培养与植株再生研究

对多年生黑麦草种子为外植体的植株再生过程进行系统研究,结果表明,在改良的MS培养基(MSM),以MS无机盐+9.9mg/L维生素B₁+9.5mg/L维生素B₆+4.5mg/L尼克酸+1mg/LCH+30g/L蔗糖+琼脂8g/L为基本成分,附加5mg/L2,4-D和0.05mg/LKT时,适合种子的愈伤组织诱导;继代培养基附加2mg/L2,4-D和0.1mg/LKT;分化培养基附加1mg/L2,4-D和1mg/LKT;生根培养基为无激素的MS培养基。完成植株再生约需12周,愈伤组织分化率为70%。     

紫花苜蓿基因转化的影响因素分析

通过农杆菌介导法对紫花苜蓿不同品种植株进行了抗旱基因转化的研究,得到了一套紫花苜蓿基因转化的优化体系。研究表明,100 mg/L的卡那霉素对苜蓿愈伤组织的生长有着显著的抑制效应。250 mg/L头孢霉素能够有效地抑制农杆菌菌株LBA4404的生长。紫花苜蓿供试材料被切后直接用OD600值为0.3~0.5的农杆菌LBA4404菌液侵染10~15 min;培养材料共培养3 d后在愈伤组织诱导培养基MS 2 mg/L 2,4-D 0.5 mg/LKT 30 g/L蔗糖 9 g/L琼脂 250 mg/L Cef上诱导出愈伤组织;在体细胞胚分化培养基MS 1.0 mg/L BA 0.3 mg/L NAA 30 g/L蔗糖 9 g/L琼脂 50 mg/L Kan 250 mg/L Cef上促进体细胞胚的分化;分化出的体细胞胚在再生培养基上(同分化培养基,Kan为80 mg/L)进一步发育成抗性转化苗;转化的无根小苗在生根培养基1/2 MS 1.0 mg/L IBA 1%蔗糖 0.8%琼脂 100 mg/L卡那霉素上可生长出根系。     

乌不浪口水库渔业生物资源调查及分析

乌不浪口浮游植物生物量为2.442mg/L,浮游动物生物量为0.265mg/L,底栖动物生物量为0.02g/m~2。浮游植物提供鱼产力为7.326kg/亩,浮游动物提供鱼产力为1.325kg/亩,底栖动物提供鱼产力可忽略不计,天然饵料生物每年提供的鱼产力是6920kg。乌不浪口水库应放养食浮游植物鱼类为主,如花鲢、白鲢、鳙鱼等,可达到净化水质的效果。     

Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in hemolymph from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Feng, Q., Wu, G. H., Liang, T. M., Ji, H. Y., Jiang, X. J., Gu, W., Wang, W. Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in hemolymph from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34 , 51–57. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemolymph kinetics and depuration time of oxytetracycline following intramuscular administration at doses of 2, 8 and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The concentration of OTC in hemolymph was assayed using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. The elimination half‐life of the terminal part of the elimination phase (t_1/2β) ranged from 87.9 to 114.3 h. The total body clearance (CL_b) was 0.0430 L/kg/h at the lower dose, 0.0123 L/kg/h at the medium dose and 0.0013 L/kg/h at the higher dose. The apparent volume of the central compartment (V_c) was found to be 1.383, 0.699 and 0.143 L/kg respectively. The depuration time for each dose was 13.6, 29.6 and 57.6 days, respectively. Results from the present study suggest that the 40 mg/kg dose might have the best therapeutic efficacy following intramuscular administration.     

Plasma biochemistry values of recently wild-caught purple mouth moray eels (Gymnothorax vicinus)

The primary purpose of this study was to establish plasma biochemistry parameters for healthy recently wild-caught purple mouth moray eels (Gymnothorax vicinus) to provide a baseline of data for improved medical care in an aquarium or zoologic setting and for wild health assessments. Thirty-one clinically healthy purple mouth moray eels of unknown age and sex were caught from the wild, and were anesthetized 50 days following capture for blood collection from the ventral coccygeal vein. The median plasma biochemistry values were as follows: hematocrit = 21%, creatinine kinase = 2,100 U/L, lactate dehydrogenase = 97 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase = 88 U/L, alanine aminotransferase = 51 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 3,939 U/L, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase = 1 U/L, amylase = 40 U/L, blood urea nitrogen = < 11 mg/dl, glucose = 21 mg/dl, calcium = 12.5 mg/dl, triglyceride = 206 mg/dl, creatinine = 0.1 mg/dl, cholesterol = 334 mg/dl, total bilirubin = < 0.1 mg/dl, phosphorus = 6.5 mg/dl, total protein = 4.2 g/dl, albumin = 1.5 g/dl, globulin = 2.7 g/dl, albumin/ globulin ratio = 0.6, sodium = 185 mmol/L, potassium = 3.7 mmol/L, and chloride = 175 mmol/L. Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme results indicate that the majority of the plasma alkaline phosphatase is the liver isoenzyme. The data acquired in this study also provide baseline values for cholesterol and triglycerides in recently wild-caught moray eels to aid in monitoring elevations to these values in an aquarium setting over time so adjustments to the dietary regime may be utilized to prevent or improve conditions such as lipid keratopathy.     

宁夏枸杞徒长枝青贮研究

枸杞(Lycium bararum)徒长枝是枸杞种植中的废弃物,但含有丰富的营养成分和药用成分,将其开发为青贮中药饲料添加剂是变废为宝的途径之一。本研究以糖蜜、麸皮、玉米(Zea mays)粉为糖源,以亚芯、君安酵宝、益加益、农富康为菌剂,通过比较不同糖源和菌剂青贮的枸杞徒长枝的感官评价得分、营养成分和药用成分等品质特性,探索适合枸杞徒长枝青贮的商品菌剂和糖源。结果表明:3种糖源青贮中酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维和氨态氮含量无显著差异(P>0.05),而添加糖蜜的粗蛋白(1.18%)、粗灰分(12.77%)、干物质(30.5%)、乳酸(123.75μg·g^-1)、多糖(27.89 mg·g^-1)、甜菜碱(6.47 mg·g^-1)和黄酮(1.15 mg·g^-1)含量最高,显著高于其余两个处理(P<0.05);4种菌剂和自然青贮的干物质、氨态氮的含量之间无显著差异(P>0.05),亚芯菌剂与自然青贮的粗蛋白和酸性洗涤纤维的含量之间无显著差异(P>0.05);但粗蛋白(1.96%)、酸性洗涤纤维(75.52%)、中性洗涤纤维(73.86%)、水溶性碳水化合物(259.19 mg·g^-1)、乳酸(145.82μg·g^-1)、多糖(27.27 mg·g^-1)含量以自然青贮为最高,且显著高于其余处理(P<0.05)。糖蜜是枸杞徒长枝青贮最佳添加糖源,自然青贮枸杞徒长枝是最佳青贮方式。     

Detection and genetic characterisation of vanA‐containing Enterococcus strains in healthy Lusitano horses

Lusitano horses were investigated in order to detect the presence of vancomycin‐resistant enterococci. vanA isolates showed high level vancomycin (Minimum inhibitory concentration; MIC ≥128 mg/l) and teicoplanin resistance (MIC 64 mg/l), as well as resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and tetracycline. The tet(L) and erm(B) genes, associated with tetracycline and erythromycin resistance, respectively, were found in all vanA isolates. The intestinal tract of Lusitano horses can be a potential reservoir for vanA‐containing enterococci.     

扁穗牛鞭草新品种选育及栽培技术

1997～1999年在四川雅安青农江江滩采集野生扁穗牛鞭草,通过无性系选择选出新品系H2003-5;2003～2006年,在雅安市四川农业大学草学系基地进行品比试验;2006～2008年,在四川雅安、洪雅、南充和重庆荣昌参加区域试验和生产试验;2009年经全国草品种审定委员会审定通过,作为野生栽培驯化品种登记,命名为“雅安”扁穗牛鞭草,新品种产草量高,适应性强,是优良的多年生暖季型牧草,适合在长江中下游地区种植.     

Detection of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 DNA in lake plankton

The disease caused by cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) severely impacts the natural freshwater ecosystem and damages carp and koi farming, however, the pathway of CyHV-3 transmission remains unclear. It is possible that the virus adheres to plankton, which then facilitate viral movement and transmission, and therefore, it is hypothesised that plankton are involved in the disease dynamics. In this study, plankton were collected at eight sites in the Iba-naiko lagoon; we detected and quantified CyHV-3 DNA from plankton samples. The results of the correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between CyHV-3 copies and the number of Rotifera, suggesting that CyHV-3 binds to and/or is concentrated by Rotifera. Our results suggest that plankton affect viral ecology in the natural environment.     

被膜态与浮游态猪源乳杆菌上清液抑菌活性比较分析

试验旨在比较分析猪源约氏乳杆菌L-76和嗜淀粉乳杆菌L-102被膜态和浮游态下其上清液对病原菌的抑菌活性。采用结晶紫染色法测定L-76和L-102的生物被膜形成能力,研究其被膜态和浮游态乳杆菌上清液及上清液与不同影响因素作用后的抑菌活性,并利用扫描电镜观察其两种状态下的上清液对指示菌形态的影响。结果显示,L-76、L-102乳酸菌具有较强的生物被膜形成能力,被膜态和浮游态乳杆菌L-76、L-102具有良好的抑菌活性,其上清液经蛋白酶作用后,被膜态L-76和L-102上清液的抑菌圈直径比浮游态明显变小;经过氧化氢酶和不同温度作用后,两种状态的乳杆菌上清液的抑菌活性无明显变化（P>0.05）,但在pH 3.0作用下,两种状态的乳杆菌上清液的抑菌效果最好;扫描电镜结果显示,被膜态乳杆菌上清液对金黄色葡萄球菌的形态影响略大。综上所述,两种状态下乳酸杆菌上清液中均含有抑菌物质,且被膜态乳酸杆菌上清液中的抑菌物质含量略多或活性略高。     

HPLC法测定麻杏石甘散中甘草酸的含量

建立HPLC法测定麻杏石甘散中甘草酸含量的方法。色谱柱为Waters XBrigeTMC18（4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm）;以甲醇-0.2 mol/L醋酸铵溶液-冰醋酸（45∶55∶1）为流动相;流速：1.0 mL/min;柱温：30℃;检测波长：250 nm。甘草酸铵的线性范围为43.47-217.40μg,R=0.999 6,平均回收率为92.44%（RSD=1.6%）。本方法快速、简便、准确,能有效测定麻杏石甘散中甘草酸的含量。     

Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, and leishmaniosis among dogs in Ankara, Turkey

Seroprevalence of five different Leptospira interrogans serovars, Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania infantum in stray dogs in Ankara was investigated. A total of 116 dog sera collected from apparently healthy stray dogs were tested for L. interrogans serovars by microscopic agglutination test (MAT), for T. gondii antibodies by Sabin-Feldman dye test (SFDT), and for L. infantum antibodies by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Of the 116 dogs, 51 (43.96%) were seropositive for leptospirosis, 72 (62.06%) for T. gondii and 3 (2.58%) for L. infantum. No statistically significant difference was observed between male and female dogs in the seroprevalences of toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis (P>0.05), but statistically significant difference was observed among different age groups in the seroprevalences of toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis (P<0.05). Although the seroprevalence of L. infantum was low, asymptomatic animals should be considered as a reservoir for the spread of the disease.     

复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂的药代动力学研究

利用药物动力学的方法考察复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂是否具备缓释长效的特点,同时研究鱼腥草油对头孢噻呋药代动力学的影响。36只SPF大鼠随机平均分成三组:A组单剂量注射复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,B组单剂量注射盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,C组单剂量注射头孢噻呋钠粉针;三组注射剂量均为50 mg/(kg.bw)。采用反相高效液相色谱内标法测定血浆药物浓度,并以DAS2.0药动学程序和SPSS(11.0)统计软件对所得数据进行分析。A、B、C组药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型(权重=1/cc),主要动力学参数如下:A组:T1/2Ka=(1.253±0.100)h,Tpeak=(2.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(35.203±5.732)mg/L,AUC=(229.51±18.278)mg.h/L;B组:T1/2Ka=(0.341±0.090)h,Tpeak=(1.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(43.919±1.51)mg/L,AUC=(188.488±9.611)mg.h/L;C组:T1/2Ka=(0.044±0.012)h,Tpeak=(0.167±0.000)h,Cmax=(159.091±19.971)mg/L,AUC=(128.554±6.625)mg.h/L。实验数据表明,复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂肌肉注射后,其药物动力学特征表现为吸收缓慢,血药浓度平稳,消除半衰期延长,生物利用度高等特点,在临床上注射1次,连用3 d,可以维持有效血液浓度。