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本研究采用T-RFLP技术,基于末端限制性片段长度多态性分析,对鸭肠道微生物群落结构进行研究。结果表明,鸭肠道微生物群落具有较高的多样性和复杂性,其中包括了多种细菌和古菌。同时,不同饲养模式和饲料类型对鸭肠道微生物群落结构有一定影响,但这种影响并不明显。此外,本研究还发现鸭肠道微生物群落中存在着一些特定的菌群,这些菌群可能对鸭的生长和健康状态有一定的影响。本研究为深入了解鸭肠道微生物群落结构及其功能提供了重要参考。 相似文献
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瘤胃微生物在反刍动物饲粮消化和吸收中起着重要的作用,深入探索瘤胃微生物群落结构、代谢活动和功能作用,对反刍动物健康和促进饲草利用效率具有重要意义。相对传统瘤胃微生物纯培养方法,组学技术能够更加全面对瘤胃微生物种类、代谢途径、功能进行解释,宏组学联用为系统理解瘤胃微生物降解纤维物质分子机理提供新方式,并受到研究人员越来越多的关注。本文总结了宏基因组学、宏转录组学、宏蛋白质组学与代谢组学在瘤胃微生物研究中的应用,并围绕宏组学技术联合应用进行综述,为反刍动物瘤胃微生物的研究提供理论支持。 相似文献
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2007~2008年国际反刍动物营养研究进展
Ⅰ.瘤胃微生物多样性和功能 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
随着试验生物学和生物信息学的快速发展,对瘤胃微生物的多样性和功能开展了系统的研究。笔者综述了2007~2008年在CNKI、ADSA ASAS大会和PubMed等数据库中与瘤胃微生物分子多态性和元基因组学相关的32篇文献。瘤胃微生物群落在“属”分类水平上多样性水平较低,在亚种或菌株水平上表现出极大的多样性,多样性指数估计表明,瘤胃内细菌种类约为900多种,而菌株类型(独特序列型)约为97000种。瘤胃微生物群落结构受到宿主遗传背景、生长发育阶段、日粮、环境条件等多种因素的影响。瘤胃微生物组中蕴藏了大量具有应用潜力的遗传资源,这些结果为准确了解瘤胃微生物群落结构、功能及其调控方式提供了重要的基础。 相似文献
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2008-2009年反刍动物营养研究进展 Ⅰ.瘤胃微生物多样性与功能 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
作者综述了2008-2009年间在ADSA-ASAS年会和CNKI、PubMed等数据库中与瘤胃微生物分子多态性和元基因组学相关的42篇文献。在瘤胃微生物多样性方面,研究方法不断优化及研究者将研究对象扩大到小品种反刍动物瘤胃微生物,不仅大大丰富了瘤胃微生物多样性数据库,而且表明瘤胃微生物群落组成受到宿主遗传背景、生长发育阶段和健康状态的影响,并且随日粮、季节等环境条件的变化呈现动态变化的特点。在瘤胃微生物的功能方面,主要围绕瘤胃中复杂碳水化合物降解、甲烷代谢及不饱和脂肪酸氢化3个主题,从微生物生理学、基因组学和元基因组学的角度阐述了2009年度的主要进展。尽管瘤胃微生物多样性和功能的相关研究积累了大量研究数据,但瘤胃微生物群落中影响宿主代谢和生产性能的关键功能菌的鉴定、分离、作用模式及其利用等问题仍然悬而未决。综合利用分子生态学、元基因组学和代谢组学等方法,研究瘤胃微生物群落与反刍动物的交互作用,可能成为揭示瘤胃微生物群落与反刍动物生产性能的关系、充分利用瘤胃微生物群落资源的新突破口。 相似文献
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脂肪酸是反刍动物重要的营养物质。一方面,脂肪酸对于反刍动物瘤胃微生物生长具有抑制作用,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸的抑制作用更明显;另一方面,瘤胃微生物群落能够通过生物氢化作用将不饱和脂肪酸氢化为饱和脂肪酸。本文针对饲粮脂肪酸与瘤胃微生物之间的相互作用进行了综述,涉及的研究方法包括体外培养法以及动物试验研究,结合分子生物学技术方法,为通过饲粮脂肪调控瘤胃微生物群落或结构提供新思路。 相似文献
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近年来乳制品质量安全是社会关注的焦点,而作为乳制品供应链最上游的生鲜乳的质量安全是乳业持续健康发展的根本保证,其可能含有的乳源性病原体和腐败菌等有害微生物严重影响乳品质量和安全。本文综述了生鲜乳中有害微生物的来源、生鲜乳种类和冷藏、巴氏杀菌对有害微生物的影响,以及主要致病菌的发生、危害和研究现状,以期为监督管理乳制品生产、加工和食物安全提供基础依据。 相似文献
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液态奶生产中的单效降膜式蒸发器浓缩比比较小,蒸发温度不得过高,浓缩后的奶液浓度要求严格不得有较大的波动,因此其蒸发参数要求必须稳定,无论是自动控制还是手动控制其进料质量分数、进汽压力必须稳定,这样才能获得良好的使用效果。 相似文献
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DU Bing-yao ZANG Chang-jiang MA Chen CHEN Lu GUO Xiao-dong YANG Kai-lun YU Xiong 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(2):457-461
With the rapid development of science and technology and people's living standard rasing,the awareness of food safety is becoming more and more high,and people pay a lot of attention to the quality and safety of milk.This paper summarized research progress in detection of milk by immunological technique,including enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),immunofluorescence technique (IFT),immune colloidal gold technique (ICGT),immune polymerase chain reaction,immune chip technology in application of the milk quality detecting and their advantages and disadvantages,aiming to provide references at further developing the application of immunological techniques in quality detecting of milk. 相似文献
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电子鼻作为一种基于综合气味信息的气味指纹检测技术,有着快速、无损、便捷、有效、客观等多方面优势,成为了乳及其制品的热门检测技术。与常规仪器分析和感官评价方法结合,电子鼻在乳制品掺假,成分检测,乳制品加工、贮藏过程中品质变化等相关气味信息方面的研究较多,为市场监控乳制品的质量安全提供了有效保障。本文总结了电子鼻在乳制品风味成分鉴别,乳及其制品新鲜度检测,乳制品加工过程监控、掺假检测等方面应用的研究进展,并展望了电子鼻技术在乳及其制品应用方面的进一步研究方向,旨在为其在乳及其制品质量安全快速检测等方面提供参考。 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎的研究进展及防控措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
奶牛乳房炎的研究进展及防控措施 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(12):102-107
奶牛乳房炎发病率高且危害大,在奶牛养殖中属于常见疾病。该病主要是由于病原微生物入侵奶牛乳腺组织而引发的局部炎症,其不仅会造成奶牛产奶量降低,而且还会影响牛奶的品质。由于治疗过程中的兽药残留和由某些病原微生物感染引起的奶牛乳房炎治愈率低等问题,奶牛乳房炎的防治显得极为重要。从病原菌的种类、致病机理以及诊断方法和防控措施等方面介绍了奶牛乳房炎的研究进展,以期为奶牛乳房炎的科学防治提供参考。 相似文献
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The intracellular parasite Neospora caninum is increasingly recognized as an important cause of abortion and stillbirth in cattle. Presence of specific antibodies indicates infection, and the immunostimulating complex (iscom) enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) has previously been evaluated for use on individual milk and sera. In the present study, this test is investigated for use on bulk milk. In this study, 124 herds were used to analyse the relationship between within-herd prevalences based on individual sera and bulk milk optical densities. The individual test results were translated into a herd-level result, which enabled comparison of the bulk milk test result to the aggregate of individual serum results. The relative contribution of milk from cows with different milk yield and antibody status to the tank, i.e. its composition, was expected to influence the outcome of the bulk milk test. Therefore, sensitivity and specificity were calculated at different cut-off levels, not only using a standard cross-tabulation technique, but also a logistic regression model. By using the latter method, the sensitivity and specificity could be estimated adjusting for milk yield covariates. Specificity was estimated to be high ( approximately 98%) at the 0.20 cut-off, which can be used as a decision threshold to rule in infection. With more equal emphasis on sensitivity and specificity, a lower cut-off should be used. Although infection cannot be completely ruled out, herds with test results below 0.05 are highly likely to be non-infected. The within-herd prevalence of false negative herds is probably less than 10-15% at this level. From what is known about test performance at the individual level and the prevalence of infection, the estimate of the specificity of the bulk milk test should be quite accurate while the sensitivity is likely to be underestimated. We confirmed that the performance of the bulk milk test depends on the milk tank composition. In particular the milk yield of cows with high antibody levels affects the probability of a positive outcome of the bulk milk test. 相似文献
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The combined action of proteinases/peptidases and acid phosphatases on phosphorylated proteins/peptides could be important for cheese quality. It seems that acid phosphatase activity in cheese originates from milk and microorganisms. Bovine milk contains more than one acid phosphatase, which are distributed between the cream and skim milk. The properties of two enzymes isolated from butter milk and skim milk are different. In general, acid phosphatase, especially that from starter organisms is very heat stable. The dephosphorylation of casein and phosphopeptides is of interest in cheese ripening. It has been suggested that acid phosphatases from both skim milk and lactic acid bacteria contribute to dephosphorylation of phosphopeptides in cheese, which are produced from casein by coagulant, indigenous milk proteinase and microbial proteinases during cheese ripening. 相似文献