鸭破骨细胞的培养及鉴定

健康动物的骨骼处于不断重建的过程,骨重建是旧骨被吸收和新骨形成这一动态平衡过程[1]。20世纪80年代中期,Chambers首先建立了体外破骨细胞的分离培养方法[2],从细胞水平上为骨相关性疾病的研究奠定了基础。已报道的破骨细胞多来源于鼠、兔等实验动物,也有来源于人的组织,但直接从鸭骨髓中分离培养破骨细胞尚未见报道。在规模化养禽生产中,各种因素引起的骨骼疾病造成的经济损失不容忽视[3-4]。因此,建立鸭破骨细胞体外培养体系,将为研究禽类骨营养不良性疾病发生机理提供基础。1材料1.1实验动物7日龄以内番鸭,购自江苏省水禽种质资源基因…     

矿物质营养素在动物养殖中的作用

正1吸收和代谢饲粮矿物元素转变为离子,并且通过主动或被动方式从动物胃肠道吸收。主动吸收是指矿物元素通过肠壁由肠腔泵入肠细胞的吸收过程。主动吸收的矿物质元素包括Ca、P和Na。通常主动吸收是逆浓度梯度进行的,即矿物质由低浓度被泵到高浓度,在这一过程中要消耗能量。然而,大部分矿物质的吸收是以被动吸收方式进行的,即元素通过胃肠道表层从高浓度流向低浓度。因此被动吸收的数量受到饲料中和体内元素浓度的影响很大。矿物元素主要以离子形式     

磷对体外培养番鸭破骨细胞生成及骨吸收功能的影响

本试验旨在观察磷对体外培养番鸭破骨细胞(OC)生存、生成以及骨吸收功能的影响.分离1日龄番鸭长骨骨髓细胞,培养过程中分别加入不同比例的NaH2PO4、10-8 mol/L 1,25-(OH)2D3二因子、不同浓度的NaH2PO4单因子.倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,更换含磷培养液后6 h、12 h、18 h、24 h、30 h和7 d进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色(TRAP),分别进行OC计数、形态观察;培养30 h内吖啶橙染色,观察OC凋亡情况,7 d后扫描电镜观察象牙片吸收陷窝情况.结果表明:在同一时间点,添加磷培养液均能抑制1,25-(OH)2D3诱导产生OC,并抑制OC的骨吸收活性,抑制程度与磷浓度成正比,3、5和7 mmol/L组OC数量均极显著少于对照组(P＜0.01);5 mmol/L组OC数量极显著少于3 mmol/L组(P＜0.01);5 mmol/L组与7 mmol/L组差异不显著;更换含磷液培养12、18、24和30 h,均可见磷含量达3 mmol/L时OC数量均极显著少于对照组(P＜0.01),磷浓度相同组,OC数量随着培养时间的延长而减少.添加磷培养液能够抑制体外诱导培养OC的生成及骨吸收活性,抑制体外培养成熟OC的生存.     

动物磷的代谢与内源磷的研究

在动物体内，磷不但是骨骼组织的有效成分，还是其它软组织和能量代谢过程中必不可少的成分。对代谢功能的正常发挥起重要作用。作为动物必需的矿物元素，磷已经成为目前动物饲粮中仅次于能量和蛋白质的第三种最昂贵的养分。因此，了解磷在动物体内的消化、吸收与代谢过程，对提高动物磷利用效率、降低磷排泄量、减少磷污染及提高养殖效益具有重要的意义。     

奶牛体内钙代谢机理及影响因素

图1低血钙引起产后疾病的发病机理1钙及低血钙钙是体内最丰富的矿物元素,一头体重约为600kg的成年奶牛体内的钙含量是7000g,其中99%以上的钙以羟基磷灰石[3Ca3(PO4)2·Ca(OH)2]的形式存在于机体的骨骼和牙齿中,只有不足1%离子钙存在于软组织细胞外液中。细胞外液的钙离子大部分存在于血浆中,成年奶牛血浆钙的浓度为2.2~2.5mM(9~10mg/dL)。钙参与体内的凝血、肌肉收缩、神经传导等生理活动。低血钙可以引起一系列的产后疾病,如乳房炎、胎衣不下、子宫炎等(Ramberg,1984.Underwood,1999)。这些疾病给奶牛养殖造成了很大的损失。图1所示为…     

钙磷代谢对动物骨骼健康影响的研究进展

骨骼构成机体结构的基本框架,骨形成和骨吸收的动态平衡关系到骨骼健康。钙和磷是动物体骨骼生长发育过程中重要的矿物质元素,机体对其吸收与调控直接影响骨代谢过程。血钙和血磷水平的变化,改变了机体相关调节激素的分泌,而这些激素可影响骨骼发育,因此,钙、磷代谢与骨骼健康紧密相关。综合国内外钙、磷代谢和骨代谢等方面的研究,从钙、磷的吸收和代谢,含量和比例以及钙磷代谢相关调节激素对骨骼发育的调控机制等方面进行综述,旨在为后续动物钙、磷代谢和骨骼之间调控的研究提供参考。     

高产奶牛血清和乳汁中矿物元素含量测定

分别在兰州市城关、伏龙坪、甘肃省临泽雪莲乳品有限责任公司随机选取高产奶牛各30头，每3个月采样一次，用日立180-80塞曼偏振原子吸收分光光度仪等分析其血样和乳中Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ca、Mg、Se等元素含量，查明了高产奶牛四季体内矿物元素的含量变化情况，为防治高产奶牛因缺乏矿物元素引起的应激性疾病奠定了基础。     

维生素D介导鸡BMSCs和BMMs共培养体系中破骨细胞的形成

为探究1α, 25-(OH)_2D_3对鸡骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)和骨髓单核巨噬细胞(BMMs)体外共培养体系中破骨细胞(OC)形成的影响,笔者对1α, 25-(OH)_2D_3处理后的细胞进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色(TRAP)、骨吸收功能鉴定、OC标志基因mRNA和蛋白表达的检测。结果表明:1α, 25-(OH)_2D_3能够上调BMSCs中核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)的表达,下调骨保护素(OPG)的表达。1α, 25-(OH)_2D_3处理共培养细胞5 d,OC数目较对照组明显增多,骨吸收活性较对照组极显著增强,基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、Ⅱ型碳酸酐酶(CAⅡ)、组织蛋白酶K(CtsK)及TRAP等标志性蛋白的mRNA和蛋白表达极显著高于对照组(P0.01),其中10~(-8) mol·L~(-1) 1α, 25-(OH)_2D_3效果最明显。结果表明,10~(-8) mol·L~(-1) 1α, 25-(OH)_2D_3能够介导鸡BMSCs和BMMs共培养体系中OC的形成,该OC具有骨吸收活性,为进一步研究OC在家禽骨骼及钙磷代谢紊乱性疾病中的作用机制奠定基础。     

不同钙磷比例对体外培养番鸭破骨细胞生成及骨吸收功能的影响

从1～7日龄番鸭长骨骨髓分离破骨细胞（Osteoclasts，OC）进行培养，培养过程中添加不同摩尔浓度比例的钙磷双因子（CCa：Cp为2：1、1：1、1：2）。倒置显微镜观察细胞形态，于培养第1、3天进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色（TRAP），培养7d后扫描电镜观察象牙片吸收陷窝，研究不同钙磷比例对番鸭OC生成及骨吸收功能的影响。结果显示，培养第3天时试验组TRAP阳性细胞多于对照组，差异极显著（P〈0．01）。试验组中除CCa：Cp=1：1组与CCa：Cp=2：1组之间无显著差异外（P〉0．05），其余各组间差异均极显著（P〈0．01）。扫描电镜观察，象牙片吸收陷窝程度与钙磷比例大小（CCA：Cp为2：1、1：1、1：2）成反比。证实合适比例的钙、磷（CCa：CP=2：1）通过抑制OC生成和活化，抑制OC的骨吸收活性。     

骨保护素对破骨细胞活性的影响

旨在探讨骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)对破骨细胞(osteoclast,OC)活性的影响.采用小鼠原代OC模型,在体外培养的基础上添加不同浓度OPG,通过TRAP阳性细胞计数、细胞骨架F-actin染色、骨吸收功能检测等手段,观察OPG对体外培养OC的作用.结果发现,OPG能够直接作用于OC,减少其数量,破坏其F-actin环,减弱其骨吸收活性,且随OPG浓度的增加,对OC的影响更加明显.结果表明,OPG能够减少OC数量并抑制其骨吸收活性,呈现剂量效应.     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。