海南黑山羊GDF9和BMP15基因多态性与初胎产羔数间的关系

为了探究海南黑山羊生长分化因子9(GDF9)和骨形态发生蛋白15(BMP15)基因多态性与初胎产羔数间的关系,采用PCR扩增海南黑山羊GDF9和BMP15基因序列,通过基因测序检测2个基因中SNP位点的多态性分布情况,并与初胎产羔数进行关联分析。结果:在海南黑山羊GDF9基因中共发现3处碱基突变,分别位于GDF9基因的第1外显子、第2外显子和3′端,在BMP15基因中共发现2处碱基突变,分别位于BMP15基因的5′端和第2外显子;在GDF9基因+183处的A/C突变位点、+2 082处的A/C突变位点、+2 541处的C/T突变位点上,海南黑山羊的优势基因型分别是CC、AA和CT,在BMP15基因-519处的A/G突变位点、+6 124处的C/G突变上,海南黑山羊的优势基因型分别是AG和CC;GDF9基因+2 541处的C/T突变与初胎产羔数呈显著相关,TT基因型个体的产羔数显著高于CC基因型个体(P0.05)。本试验为通过基因标记辅助选择提高海南黑山羊的产羔数奠定基础。     

BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因多态性与崂山奶山羊产羔数的相关研究

为了研究骨形态发生蛋白受体(BMPR-IB)、骨形态发生蛋白15(BMP15)、生长分化因子(GDF9)基因是否与崂山奶山羊的产羔数相关,试验采用PCR-RFLP法对290只经产崂山奶山羊BMPR-IB基因的FecB突变、BMP15基因的FecXH和FecXI突变、GDF9基因的G8突变(GDF9基因编码区1 184 bp处的碱基突变C→T)进行多态性检测,并探索与产羔数的关系。结果表明:崂山奶山羊BMPR-IB、BMP15、GDF9基因均只有1种基因型,不存在多态性。因此,BMPR-IB、BMP15、GDF9基因不能作为崂山奶山羊产羔数(多胎性状)的候选基因。     

湖羊和川中黑山羊GDF9、BMPR-IB、GnRHR基因多态性及其与产羔数的关联分析

为了研究湖羊和川中黑山羊生长分化因子9(GDF9)基因、骨形态蛋白受体(BMPR-IB)基因和促性腺激素释放激素受体(GnRHR)基因多态性及其与产羔数之间的关系,试验以594只湖羊和333只川中黑山羊为研究对象,用PCR-RFLP技术分析了湖羊和川中黑山羊BMPR-IB、GnRHR、GDF9基因序列的多态性,并与产羔数进行关联分析。结果表明:在湖羊和川中黑山羊中均未检测到GDF9基因的G8突变,说明该突变在这两种羊中比较保守,不存在多态性;湖羊BMPR-IB基因存在FecB突变,表现出三种基因型(GG、GA、AA),等位基因G比等位基因A频率高,G为优势等位基因,基因型分布偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡,GG型平均产羔数分别比GA型和AA型多0.19,0.33只(P0.05);川中黑山羊GnRHR基因存在G698A突变,表现出三种基因型(GG、GA、AA),达到了Hardy-Weinberg平衡,不同基因型个体间的产羔数差异不显著(P0.05)。     

BMPR-IB、BMP15、GDF9基因作为闽东山羊多胎性能候选基因的研究

以控制部分绵、山羊品种高繁殖力的BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因为候选基因,采用PCR-RFLP方法分析闽东山羊BMPR-IB,BMP15和GDF9基因多态性与繁殖性状的关系。研究发现：多胎品种闽东山羊及南江黄羊在BMPR-IB基因的相应位置上并未发生与Booroola Merino羊相同的突变,同时也未检测到BMP15的FecXI,FecXH,FecXB基因及GDF9的FecGH基因,因此排除了这5个突变位点影响闽东山羊高繁殖力性状的可能性。然而,由于闽东山羊的BMPR-IB、BMP15、GDF9的全基因序列信息的缺乏,尚不能完全断定3个基因对闽东山羊高繁殖力性状没有影响。     

BMPR-IB、BMP15、GDF9基因作为福清山羊高繁殖力候选基因的研究

以控制部分绵、山羊品种高繁殖力的BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因为候选基因,采用PCR-RFLP方法分析福清山羊BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因多态性与繁殖性状的关系。结果表明:多胎品种福清山羊及南江黄羊在BMPR-IB基因的相应位置上并未发生与Booroola Merino羊相同的突变,同时也未检测到BMP15的FecXI、FecXH、FecXB基因及GDF9的FecGH基因,因此排除了这5个突变位点存在控制福清山羊高繁殖力主效基因的可能性。     

贵州白山羊GDF 9和BMP15基因多态性与产羔数的相关性研究

生长分化因子9(GDF9)和骨形态发生蛋白l5(BMP15)是早期卵泡生长和分化的必需因子。从贵州白山羊GDF9基因外显子2中找出1个、BMP15基因外显子2中找到3个位点发生碱基替换。为了进一步研究这4个位点在群体中是否存在多态性,采用等位基因特异性PCR方法对贵州白山羊的高产羊群和低产羊群2个基因的4个位点进行对比。结果表明:从贵州白山羊的高产羊群和低产羊群GDF9基因外显子2的790位点都检测到AA、AB 2种基因型,AB基因型对应的产羔数较多(P<0.05),790位点的变异与已知序列不同。BMP15基因外显子2的675位点只检测到1种基因型,没有多态性;BMP15基因外显子2的573位点和798位点均检测到多态性,其中798位点的碱基变异与已知基因序列不同;从贵州白山羊高产羊群中这2个基因位点都检测到了野生型、杂合型和突变型3种基因型,对应的产羔数为野生型最少,突变型最多,杂合型居中。推测GDF9基因790位点多态性对山羊繁殖率的调节方式可能与绵羊相似,但BMP15基因573和798位点的突变对贵州白山羊产羔数的促进作用,可能以数量遗传效应为主,值得深入研究。     

湖羊BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因的RFLP分析

以BMPR-IB、BMP15、GDF9基因作为湖羊多胎性状候选基因,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测了53只湖羊上述候选基因的单核苷酸多态性。结果表明:湖羊BMPR-IB基因的FecB位点只存在BB和+B两种基因型,二者的基因型频率分别为0.981 1和0.018 9;B等位基因为绝对优势等位基因,基因频率为0.990 6。未检测到BMP15基因的B4(FecXB)突变和GDF9基因的G8(FecGH)突变。因此,推测BMPR-IB基因的FecB位点是湖羊多胎性的主效基因,而BMP15基因和GDF9基因与湖羊群产羔数关系不大。研究结果同时反映了所测湖羊群体是一个高度纯化的宝贵绵羊品种资源。     

骨形态发生蛋白15基因（BMP15）多态性与山羊繁殖性能的研究

以贵州黑山羊、酉州乌羊和努比亚山羊3个品种为实验群体,采用PCR产物直接测序技术检测BMP15基因的多态性,并探讨其多态性对山羊繁殖性状的影响,为山羊繁殖力的标记辅助选择和育种提供理论依据。利用在线软件预测BMP15蛋白质二级结构和三级结构;利用Excel计算基因频率、基因型频率;利用POPGEN软件计算纯合度、杂合度、有效等位基因数和多态信息含量,并对HardyWeinberg平衡状态进行分析;用SPSS软件对3个山羊群体BMP15基因多态性与产仔数进行相关性分析。结果显示:BMP15基因外显子中检测到1个SNP位点,BMP15基因在外显子2处存在突变位点C6260G,3个山羊群体在此突变位点处均存在3种基因型CC、GC、GG;贵州黑山羊、酉州乌羊和努比亚山羊χ2检验均未达到显著水平(P0.05),处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,贵州黑山羊和努比亚山羊表现为中度多态,酉州乌羊表现为低度多态;GG基因型个体在贵州黑山羊群体中产羔数显著高于CC基因型个体和GC基因型个体(P0.05),GC基因型个体在努比亚山羊中的产羔数显著高于CC基因型个体和GG基因型个体(P0.05),3种基因型在酉州乌羊中差异均不显著(P0.05)。该研究结果初步表明山羊BMP15基因的突变与其繁殖性能有关,可能是影响山羊繁殖率的一个因素。     

贵州黑山羊BMP15和NPY-Y1R基因多态性与产羔数关联性分析

为了寻找贵州黑山羊产羔数相关性状的分子标记,采用PCR产物直接测序技术对贵州黑山羊BMP15、NPY-Y1R基因的两个位点进行多态性检测,并与产羔数进行关联性分析.结果表明,贵州黑山羊群体BMP15基因C6260G位点存在CC、GC、GG三种基因型,频率分别为0.55、0.29、0.16;该位点的多态信息含量0.33,...     

云岭黑山羊BMPR-IB基因部分编码区的克隆及多态性分析

应用RT-PCR方法从云岭黑山羊卵巢组织克隆与产羔性状相关的BMPR-IB基因。结果表明,克隆的BMPR-IB基因扩增片段长467 bp,扩增片段位于该基因编码区第497与963位碱基之间,与已报道的野生型山羊、绵羊、猪、人和鼠的BMPR-IB基因该编码区的同源性分别为99%、99%、92%、92%和87%;与野生型山羊相比,云岭黑山羊BMPR-IB基因第498位和575位碱基存在多态性位点,其中第498位碱基由T突变为C,组成的密码仍编码天冬氨酸（Asp,D）,为同义突变;第575位碱基由C突变为T,编码的氨基酸由脯氨酸（Pro,P）变为亮氨酸（Leu,L）,为错义突变;BMPR-IB蛋白的二级结构在错义突变位点可能具有多种构象。本研究结果为深入研究BMPR-IB基因与云岭黑山羊产羔性状间的关系奠定了基础。     

Calcinosis in goats

Death, abortion, decreased milk yield and emaciation in dairy goats occurred due to calcinosis in a goat operation on 1100 meter sea level in Tyrol. This could be diagnosed by the clinical, sonographical and pathomorphological investigation. In the basic fodder yellow oat grass proportion was present with 40%. Clinically the apathic goats showed reduced appetite, emaciation, dyspnea, anaemic mucous membranes, heart noises and less activity to move. The blood-chemical examination of one goat revealed an increased activity of AP (199 U/l), calcium and phosphor-concentrations were in normal range. Sonographically liquidothorax and -perikard, calcified pulmonary and aortic valves and a thickened aortic orifice as well as calcification of kidneys, enlargment of liver and ascites could be diagnosed in this goat. The sonographical findings were confirmed by pathomorphological examination.     

Intersexuality in goats

Six cases of intersex goats were investigated. Five of these animals had testicular tissues (testes) situated prepubically inside a skin pouch. The testicular tissues of the sixth goat were attached to the sides of the urinary bladder. All of the four animals that were studied by radiography, surgical exploration and/or pathology had uterine tubular structures but no ovarian tissues were found in them. Thus at least four of these goats were male pseudohermaphrodites.     

Polioencephalomalacia in goats

Of six goats with polioencephalomalacia, three responded to thiamin therapy, whereas three died 2 to 7 days after onset of signs. The goats were 2 months to 2 1/2 years old. They were affected during the winter or early spring, and concentrate feeding was a prominent part of the history. Transketolase activity values were obtained from two affected goats and from nine controls. The affected goats had lower transketolase activity than any of the controls.     

Electroejaculation in goats

A comparison was made of a sine-wave and a pulse-wave electroejaculator for the collection of semen from male goats. Six animals were ejaculated once, using one or other instrument and 8 were ejaculated with each device with an intervening rest period. Comparing the sine-wave with the pulse-wave equipment, the mean total number of sperm collected was 5.3 x 10(9) and 2.1 x 10(9) cells respectively, in the first experiment and 4.0 x 10(9) and 1.0 x 10(9) cells, respectively, in the second experiment. In the latter experiment, a significant difference (p less than 0.05) was found in the sperm concentration, which was higher with the sine-wave generator. This instrument, with controlled output, was considered less stressful to the animal.     

Enterotoxaemia in goats

Enterotoxaemia of sheep and goats occurs worldwide, but the condition in goats is poorly understood. The disease in goats is mostly caused by Clostridium perfringens type D, although the role of the toxins of this microorganism in the pathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood. The disease occurs in three forms, peracute, acute and chronic, the cardinal clinical sign of the acute and chronic forms being diarrhoea. The main biochemical alterations are hyperglycaemia and glycosuria, while at necropsy the disease is often characterized by haemorrhagic colitis. The typical histological changes observed in the brain of sheep with enterotoxaemia are not considered to be a common feature of enterotoxaemia in goats. Although the pathogenesis of caprine enterotoxaemia has not yet been properly defined, it is usually accepted that the presence of C. perfringens type D in the small bowel, together with a sudden change to a diet rich in carbohydrates, is the main predisposing factor for the disease. Vaccination seems to be poorly effective in preventing caprine enterotoxaemia, which might be due to the fact that the enteric form of the disease is partially independent of circulating C. perfringens toxin. More studies are needed on caprine enterotoxaemia, especially of its pathogenesis and immunity, in order to develop more efficient control measures for this disease.     

Intersexuality in goats

Six cases of intersex goats were investigated. Five of these animals had testicular tissues (testes) situated prepubically inside a skin pouch. The testicular tissues of the sixth goat were attached to the sides of the urinary bladder. All of the four animals that were studied by radiography, surgical exploration and/or pathology had uterine tubular structures but no ovarian tissues were found in them. Thus at least four of these goats were male pseudohermaphrodites.