表达PCV-2 Cap和PPV-1 VP2蛋白的重组PRV的构建及鉴定

为了构建表达猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)Cap蛋白和猪细小病毒1型(PPV-1)VP2蛋白的重组伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)及鉴定其免疫原性,试验采用经典同源重组技术构建重组病毒,利用密码子优化的VP2基因(VP2_(opti))和含PRV gG蛋白信号肽序列的VP2_(opti)基因分别构建重组质粒pMD18T-LR(TK)-VP2_(opti)和pMD18T-LR(TK)-VP2_(opti)(SP)。用已构建的重组病毒rPRV-TK~-/gE~-/gG~-/3Cap~+为骨架,以EGFP为标签经同源重组获得重组病毒。采用IPMA法鉴定Cap蛋白和VP2蛋白抗原在重组病毒感染的PK-15细胞中的表达,采用IFA法鉴定VP2蛋白在重组病毒感染的PK-15细胞中的表达与定位。用这2株重组病毒免疫小鼠,通过检测血清中PRV、PCV-2和PPV-1抗体水平对构建的重组病毒在小鼠体内的免疫原性进行评价。结果表明:经同源重组获得重组病毒rPRV-TK~-/VP2~+/gE~-/gG~-/2Cap~+和rPRV-TK~-/VP2~+(SP)/gE~-/gG~-/2Cap~+;在重组病毒感染的PK-15细胞中均能检测到阳性Cap蛋白和VP2蛋白抗原;重组病毒rPRV-TK~-/VP2~+/gE~-/gG~-/2Cap~+表达的VP2蛋白定位于细胞浆和细胞核,而重组病毒rPRV-TK~-/VP2~+(SP)/gE~-/gG~-/2Cap~+表达的VP2蛋白定位于细胞浆;用这2株重组病毒免疫小鼠能够检测到PRV中和抗体;用灭活的重组病毒免疫小鼠后可产生低水平的Cap和VP2抗体,而重组病毒活毒免疫的小鼠未检测到相应抗体。说明这2株重组病毒在体外能够表达Cap蛋白和VP2蛋白,PRV gG蛋白信号肽序列的加入促进了VP2蛋白从细胞核的释放。     

猪伪狂犬病毒gE蛋白单克隆抗体制备与鉴定

为获得猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)gE蛋白单克隆抗体,选择原核表达的重组gE蛋白免疫6周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠,将其脾细胞与SP2/0进行融合,经间接ELISA筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞,结果获得了2株能稳定分泌抗PRV gE蛋白的杂交瘤细胞,命名为E3B8和E5C11。间接ELISA检测2株杂交瘤细胞的培养上清液抗体效价为1∶6.4×10~3,腹水的抗体效价分别达到1∶3.28×10~6和1∶6.55×10~6。2株杂交瘤细胞的染色体数分别为105和108。E3B8亚类鉴定重链为IgG1,轻链为κ链;E5C11亚类鉴定重链为IgG2b,轻链为κ链。Western blot检测显示2株单克隆抗体腹水均能与PRV重组gE蛋白发生特异性反应,间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)检测显示2株单克隆抗体均能与PRV分离毒株感染的BHK-21细胞发生特异性反应,交叉反应性检测显示2株单克隆抗体与常见病毒不发生交叉反应。表明制备的2株gE蛋白单克隆抗体效价高、特异性强,为gE蛋白结构与功能分析以及PRV免疫诊断试剂盒的开发奠定了基础。     

杆状病毒表达系统融合表达猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白与口蹄疫病毒VP1蛋白及免疫原性评估

猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)Cap蛋白是病毒的主要结构蛋白,能诱导宿主产生特异性免疫应答。口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)VP1蛋白是病毒的主要免疫原性蛋白,能刺激机体产生中和抗体。利用杆状病毒表面展示系统,将这2种病毒蛋白与猪CD40配体(CD40 ligand,CD40L)进行融合表达并展示在杆状病毒表面,构建了rv Ac-Cap、rv Ac-VP1和rv Ac-Cap-VP1 3种重组杆状病毒。通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测3种重组杆状病毒感染的Sf9细胞总蛋白,证明3种融合蛋白成功表达。纯化的重组杆状病毒颗粒以1×108pfu/只的剂量免疫接种BALB/c小鼠,通过间接ELISA检测血清中Cap和VP1的抗体浓度,证明表面展示有Cap和VP1的重组杆状病毒能激发小鼠产生较高水平的抗体,与PCV2和FMDV商品化疫苗免疫组的抗体浓度差异不显著(P0.05),表明该重组杆状病毒具有较好的免疫原性。     

两株抗猪伪狂犬病毒的单克隆抗体制备与鉴定

采用猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)ZJ01株纯化病毒免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用融合细胞技术和间接ELISA抗体筛选技术,制备并获得2株能稳定分泌抗PRV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株2B3和5C10,其中,2B3单抗为Ig G2a亚类,5C10为Ig G1亚类,轻链均为κ链。间接免疫荧光检测结果表明,2株单克隆抗体均能与PRV发生特异性反应。Western-blot结果表明,2B3单抗针对PRV g C蛋白,5C10单抗针对PRV g E蛋白。本研究为建立快速检测伪狂犬病毒感染的免疫学方法奠定了基础。     

非洲猪瘟病毒CP312R蛋白的真核表达及单克隆抗体制备

为制备非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus, ASFV)CP312R蛋白的单克隆抗体,以真核表达ASFV的CP312R蛋白为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠制备单克隆抗体,并通过间接免疫荧光法(IFA)对获得的单克隆抗体进行反应性鉴定。结果利用杆状病毒表达系统(baculovirus expression system, BES)构建获得重组转移载体pOET3-CP312R,与杆状病毒基因组flashBAC^TM ULTRA共转染Sf9昆虫细胞获得重组杆状病毒AcMNPV-CP312R,且该病毒以胞内可溶形式表达出重组ASFV CP312R蛋白质。通过蛋白质印迹法鉴定显示重组CP312R蛋白可以与ASFV阳性血清发生特异性反应。此外,筛选获得2株针对重组CP312R蛋白的单克隆抗体(McAb),间接ELISA方法鉴定抗体滴度不低于1∶1 024 000。IFA试验检测表明,单克隆抗体与非洲猪瘟抗原发生特异性反应。本研究为非洲猪瘟亚单位疫苗研发及血清学检测方法的建立提供物质储备。     

非洲猪瘟病毒p72重组蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及双抗体夹心ELISA方法的建立

为了建立一种快速检测非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus, ASFV)的方法，试验利用GenBank中ASFV的p72基因(登录号为MK128995.1)序列构建原核重组表达质粒pGEX-6P-1-p72和真核重组表达质粒pCAGGS-myc-p72,通过大肠杆菌原核表达系统获得p72重组蛋白，将其纯化后免疫小鼠，获得阳性杂交瘤细胞，通过Western-blot和间接免疫荧光鉴定筛选单克隆细胞株，并用单克隆抗体亚类鉴定试剂盒鉴定各单克隆抗体的亚型。通过对p72兔源多克隆抗体包被浓度及纯化的3株单克隆抗体稀释度进行优化，初步建立检测ASFV的双抗体夹心ELISA方法，并用该方法测试纯化的3株单克隆抗体分别与p72兔源多克隆抗体两两组合后所能检测的p72重组蛋白的灵敏度。结果表明：p72重组蛋白大小为99 ku;以纯化的原核表达的p72重组蛋白作为抗原免疫3只小鼠，抗体效价均大于1∶10 000;经细胞融合、克隆和筛选共获得5株阳性杂交瘤细胞，将其分泌的单克隆抗体分别命名为2C4C8、2C4B8、5C11F11、5C11D12、7D10C9,5株单克隆抗体与真核...     

重组伪狂犬病病毒介导的siRNA对高致病性PRRSV N蛋白基因表达的抑制作用

构建表达HP-PRRSV河南分离株HN1 N蛋白基因的siRNA重组伪狂犬病病毒3株,将其感染PK-15细胞,在细胞水平上评价重组伪狂犬病病毒介导的siRNA对N蛋白表达的抑制效果.PCR扩增带CMV-siRNA-poly(A)片段和新霉素基因,通过酶切将CMV-siRNA-poly(A)片段和新霉素基因分别插入伪狂犬病病毒转移载体pUSKBH中,构建重组伪狂犬病病毒通用转移载体pUsiRNA.分别用BamH Ⅰ和HindⅢ酶切pUsiRNA,回收后与HP-PRRSV河南分离株HN1 N蛋白基因的3个siRNA分子连接,构建表达N蛋白基因siRNA的重组伪狂犬病病毒表达载体.将鉴定正确的重组伪狂犬病病毒表达载体与伪狂犬病病毒DNA共转染PK-15细胞,经同源重组及噬斑纯化获得表达N蛋白基因siRNA的重组伪狂犬病病毒株,应用PCR及Southern blot鉴定重组病毒.将HN1株N蛋白基因的真核表达质粒pAcGFP1-N转染PK-15,经筛选获得稳定表达N蛋白基因的细胞.将鉴定正确的表达N蛋白基因siRNA的重组伪狂犬病病毒接种于稳定表达N蛋白基因的细胞,利用绿色荧光蛋白基因及半定量RT-PCR检测重组伪狂犬病病毒介导的N蛋白基因siRNA对N蛋白表达的抑制效果.结果显示,PCR扩增到的CMV-siR-NA-poly(A)片段约为0.7kb,新霉素基因约1.5kb.经酶切、PCR及测序鉴定,构建了表达siRNA的通用伪狂犬病病毒转移载体pUsiRNA.经PCR及Southern blot检测,获得了3株表达HP-PRRSV河南分离株HN1 N蛋白基因siRNA的重组伪狂犬病病毒gG-/siRNAN1、gG-/siRNAN2和gG-/siRNAN3;经荧光显微镜观察和半定量RT-PCR检测表明,重组伪狂犬病病毒介导的N蛋白基因siRNA能够显著抑制N蛋白在PK-15细胞中表达,其中gG-/siR-NAN2抑制效果最好.这为深入研究N蛋白基因siRNA抑制HP-PRRSV复制奠定基础,并为HP-PRRSV的防制提供新的思路.     

中国兽医杂志第39卷总目录

20 0 3年第 1～ 1 2期题　　目作　者期页·调查研究·以 CP2 3重组蛋白为抗原建立检测微小隐孢子虫抗体间接 EL ISA方法的研究何宏轩 ,等 13锡林郭勒盟草原莱姆病疫源地调查赵红梅 ,等 16用微小隐孢子虫子孢子表面蛋白 DNA疫苗免疫小鼠的实验研究何宏轩 ,等 2 3奶牛真胃变位发病规律的研究张国士 2 6含绿色荧光蛋白基因和猪瘟 E2 基因的伪狂犬病毒 Bartha- K6 1 株 TK基因缺失转移载体的构建范伟兴 ,等 33鸡感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫后某些血清生化指标变化的研究韦进钟 ,等 38利用鸡胚成纤维细胞培养禽脑脊髓炎病毒的研究秦卓明 ,等 4 3猪…     

猪伪狂犬病毒野毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种敏感、特异、高通量的猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)野毒抗体血清学检测方法,本研究利用原核表达技术表达了猪伪狂犬病毒gE蛋白,以纯化的重组gE蛋白为包被抗原建立了检测猪伪狂犬病毒野毒抗体的间接ELISA方法。参照已发表的PRV基因组gE基因序列,设计合成1对特异性引物,PCR扩增了长约606 bp的gE基因片段,将目的片段亚克隆至pET30a原核表达载体中,经IPTG诱导重组gE蛋白的表达,重组蛋白纯化后,免疫印迹检测证明具有良好的抗原性和特异性。以纯化蛋白为包被抗原,经间接ELISA反应条件的优化,建立了检测伪狂犬病毒野毒抗体的间接ELISA方法,该方法检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)、PRV疫苗毒的阳性血清均为阴性;该方法批内与批间重复性试验的变异系数分别小于5%和10%;该方法与IDEXX gE-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的符合率为96.2%。本研究建立的gE-ELISA检测方法为PRV野毒抗体检测以及野毒感染的快速诊断与流行病学调查等提供了一种简便、快速、高通量的血清学检测方法。     

表达猪细小病毒VP2蛋白和猪IL-18重组伪狂犬病毒的构建

为了获得表达猪细小病毒(PPV)VP2蛋白和细胞因子猪白细胞介素-18(IL-18)的重组猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)。将PPV VP2基因和猪IL-18基因分别插入到PRV转移质粒PG中,得到重组质粒PG18-VP2。利用脂质体转染法将重组转移质粒PG18-VP2与猪PRV弱毒株DNA共转染猪睾丸(ST)细胞,以EGFP荧光标记,通过5轮蚀斑筛选纯化,成功获得表达PPV VP2蛋白和猪IL-18且带EGFP标记的重组伪狂犬病毒IL18-VP2-rPRV。用重组病毒感染ST细胞,12h后在荧光显微镜下可见明亮的绿色荧光;通过RT-PCR证实感染细胞中含有PPV VP2和猪IL-18mRNA;Western-blot试验结果显示,重组病毒能表达具有生物活性的PPV VP2蛋白和猪IL-18。重组病毒经连续20次传代后感染细胞仍能发出绿色荧光,PCR检测表明VP2及IL-18基因在重组病毒中能稳定遗传。为进一步研究表达PPV VP2蛋白和猪IL-18的重组猪伪狂犬病毒的免疫效力奠定了基础。     

表达H3N2亚型猪流感病毒HA基因重组伪狂犬病病毒的构建

将SV40启动子控制下的LacZ基因表达盒和CMV启动子控制下的H3N2亚型猪流感病毒（SIV H3N2）的HA基因插入到伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）通用转移载体pBdTK-Uni中，获得转移载体pLTK-HA。将该载体与PRV Bartha-K61株基因组DNA通过脂质体法共转染Vero细胞，经过10代蓝斑筛选、纯化和PCR鉴定获得了一株插入SIV HA基因的重组伪狂犬病病毒，命名为rPRV-HA。Western blotting和间接免疫荧光试验证实HA基因在重组病毒感染的细胞中获得了表达。用不同的细胞（PK-15、IBRS-2、Vero和鸡胚成纤维细胞）对该重组病毒与亲本病毒的增殖滴度和致细胞病变进行比较，未见显著差异，对第30代重组病毒的HA基因进行序列分析，表明该重组病毒遗传性状稳定。     

表达多个外源基因的重组伪狂犬病病毒的构建及其细胞培养特性研究

将SV40启动子控制下的LacZ报告基因表达盒与分别在CMV启动子控制下的含有猪瘟病毒（CS-FV）E2基因及猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）GP5基因的表达盒插入到伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）Bartha-K61株TK基因中，通过蓝斑筛选获得了一株插入CSFVE2、PRRSVGP5与LacZ基因的重组伪狂犬病病毒，命名为rPRV-E2-GP5。经Western blot、间接免疫荧光试验证实E2、GP5基因在重组病毒感染细胞中获得了表达。重组病毒感染Vero、PK-15、IBRS2和CEF细胞后的增殖滴度和致细胞病变特征与亲本病毒比较，无显著差异。本试验结果表明在PRV基因组中可以插入多个外源基因，为进一步研究多价基因工程载体疫苗奠定了基础。     

Comparison of persistence of seven bovine viruses on bovine embryos following in vitro exposure

The ability of seven cytopathic strains of bovine viruses to adhere to the zona pellucida of six-to-eight day-old bovine embryos were compared. Embryos were exposed to virus by placing them either in virus suspensions or by culturing them on infected bovine turbinate cultures for 18-24 h. After exposure to bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBV), bluetongue virus (BTV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3), or bovine enterovirus virus (BEV), the embryos were tested for virus by culture in bovine turbinate cells and by morphological examination using electron microscopy (EM). A special technique to minimize loss of embryos processed for EM was developed. More embryos had viral particles on the surface of the zona pellucida after exposure to 18-24 hour infected cell cultures than did embryos exposed to viral culture suspensions. The most dramatic finding was that BTV adhered in large numbers to the surface of the zona pellucida of exposed embryos. IBRV, PRV, and VSV comprised an intermediate group, with virions occasionally detected on the surface of exposed embryos after 5 washes. Therefore, extensive washing is required. The PI3 and BEV were easily removed from embryo-exposed virus by washing. BVD was difficult to identify morphologically, making assessment by EM unreliable. There was no evidence that any one of the seven viruses penetrated the intact zona pellucida. Using a micromanipulator, 42 embryos were also directly inoculated through the zona pellucida with +/- 50 picoliters of virus inoculum or medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

伪狂犬病病毒野毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据伪狂犬病病毒gE基因的序列,设计和合成了一对特异的可用于检测伪狂犬病病毒野毒的PCR引物和一条Taqman荧光探针,采用Li ght Cycl e 480荧光定量PCR仪,建立了一种可实时定量检测伪狂犬病病毒野毒的荧光定量PCR技术。该方法的线性范围为1.0×102～1.0×1010拷贝,灵敏度可达4拷贝。检测速度快,仪器的运行时间仅为1 h。对13株猪伪狂犬病病毒野毒进行了检测,结果均为阳性;与伪狂犬病gE基因缺失疫苗、猪细小病毒和鸭瘟病毒无非特异性反应。与病毒分离培养比较,该方法具有快速、灵敏、特异、定量、重复性好等优点,可望用于临床上伪狂犬病病毒野毒与疫苗毒的区分,伪狂犬病病毒野毒的检测和病毒分布的研究等。     

Second-generation pseudorabies virus vaccine with deletions in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein genes

A modified-live pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine, designated PRV(dlg92/d1tk), with deletions in the thymidine kinase (tk) and glycoprotein-gIII (g92) genes, was derived from the PRV (Bucharest [BUK]-d13) vaccine strain. The vaccine virus also contained a deletion in glycoprotein gI. Despite 3 deletions, PRV(dlg92/d1tk) replicated to high titers in cell culture from 30 C to 39.1 C. Enzyme assays and autoradiography revealed that PRV(dlg92/d1tk) did not induce a functional tk activity in infected tk- RAB(BU) cells (rabbit skin). Rabbit skin cells were infected with PRV(dlg92/d1tk), with vaccine strains derived from BUK or Bartha K strains of PRV or with the virulent Illinois (ILL), Indiana-Funkhauser (IND-F), and Aujeszky (Auj) strains of PRV and were labeled with [3H]mannose from 4 or 5 to 24 hours after infection to investigate whether these viruses induced the synthesis of glycoprotein gIII. Nonionic detergent extracts were prepared and immunoprecipitated with antisera from pigs vaccinated with tk(-)-PRV(BUK-d13) or tk+-Bartha K, pigs vaccinated with tk+-PRV(BUK) strains and then challenge exposed to tk+-PRV(IND-F), naturally infected domestic or feral pigs, and pigs vaccinated with tk-)-PRV(dlg92/d1tk). Mouse monoclonal antibodies against PRV glycoproteins gIII, gp50, and gII were also studied. After immunoprecipitation, labeled PRV-specific proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The PRV glycoprotein-gII complex, but not glycoprotein gIII, was synthesized in PRV(dlg92/d1tk)-infected cells. Glycoprotein gII and gIII were made in cells infected with PRV vaccine strains BUK, Bartha K, and BUK-d13 and with virulent PRV strains ILL, IND-F, and Auj. Cells infected with PRV(dlg92/d1tk) and with PRV strains ILL, IND-F, Auj, Bartha K, BUK, and BUK-d13, excreted into the cell culture medium a highly sulfated glycoprotein gX of about 90 kilodaltons. Antibodies to glycoprotein gIII were not detected in the sera of pigs inoculated with PRV(dlg92/d1tk), but were found in all other swine sera.     

The pathogenicity of three Australian fowl plague viruses for chickens,turkeys and ducks

The pathogenicity of three Australian fowl plague viruses, FPV-1, FPV-2, FPV-3, isolated during a natural outbreak of the disease varied for chickens, turkeys and ducks. FPV-1 and FPV-2 were pathogenic for chickens and turkeys, but not for ducks. However, these viruses were not highly pathogenic as they failed to cause illness or death in all birds that became infected. FPV-3 was non-pathogenic for the three species tested.The viruses spread from infected to in-contact birds, and more readily to ducks than to chickens or turkeys. All chickens and turkeys infected with the fowl plague viruses developed specific serum haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody which persisted for up to 85 days after infection. The titre of this antibody wan ed in six of 16 ducks over an 85-day period and two ducks failed to produce detectable specific HaI antibody despite being infected with the virus.     

猪伪狂犬病病毒变异毒株HeNZK-2014的分离鉴定及gE基因序列分析

为了解猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）变异毒株的特点,本研究采集临床疑似PRV感染发病猪的淋巴结等组织样品进行PCR鉴定,选取仅PRV阳性的组织样品经研磨除菌后取上清接种于PK-15细胞进行病毒分离培养、蚀斑纯化、PCR和间接免疫荧光法（IFA）鉴定,采用Reed-Muench法测定PRV的TCID₅₀,接种小鼠并观察临床症状,对纯化的PRV和死亡小鼠脑组织样品进行gE基因PCR扩增及测序分析。结果显示,PRV阳性病料接种于PK-15细胞24 h后出现典型细胞病变（CPE）,经3轮蚀斑纯化后PCR和IFA鉴定结果均为阳性,分离株命名为HeNZK-2014,其TCID₅₀为10^-9.77/0.1 mL;以1×10⁸个TCID₅₀病毒悬液接种小鼠22 h后可引起小鼠出现奇痒、撕咬、死亡等典型猪伪狂犬病症状,死亡小鼠脑组织样品PRV PCR检测结果为阳性;纯化病毒和死亡小鼠脑组织样品gE基因核苷酸序列同源性为100.0%,与GenBank中2011年以前登录的经典毒株位于不同分支,与2011年之后中国流行毒株位于同一分支,在第48和496位各有1个天冬氨酸（D）的插入,具有变异毒株的典型特征。本研究成功分离了1株PRV变异毒株,为进一步开展针对PRV变异毒株的疫苗及其防控研究奠定了基础。     

Isolation and Identification of Variant HeNZK-2014 of Pseudorabies Virus and Sequence Analysis of gE Gene

In order to learn the situation of pig pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant in this study, tissue samples such as lymph nodes which were collected from clinical pigs with suspected PRV infection were identified by PCR. PRV positive sample were inoculated on PK-15 cells after grinding and degerming, with further experiment including virus isolation, plague purification, PCR and IFA identification, TCID₅₀ confirmed by Reed-Muench method, inoculation test and observation of clinical symptoms in mice. The gE gene of purified PRV and brain tissue samples of dead mice were identified by sequencing analysis. The results showed that the virus grown on PK-15 cells could produce typical cytopathic effect (CPE) after 24 h; After three rounds of plaque purification,the isolate was PRV positive identified by PCR and IFA, and nominated as HeNZK-2014; The TCID₅₀ of the isolate was 10^-9.77/0.1 mL; The virus in 1×10⁸ TCID₅₀ inoculation was able to cause itching, tearing, death in infected mice, and PRV could be detected in tissues of dead mice; The molecular genetic variation analysis of gE gene by PCR amplification and clone sequencing indicated that the gE gene from brain tissue of infected mice shared 100.0% homology with HeNZK-2014, and located in a relatively independent branch with newly pandemic isolates in recent years after 2011, but was far from the classical strains before 2011, and both had two insertion of aspartic acid (D) at sites of 48 and 496 amino acids, which were considered to be the typical characteristics of PRV variants. This study successfully isolated a PRV variant, which laid a foundation for further research on vaccine development, prevention and control against PRV variants.     

In vivo and in vitro genetic recombination between conventional and gene-deleted vaccine strains of pseudorabies virus

Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an alpha-herpesvirus, causes substantial economic losses in the swine industry and is currently the focus of eradication and control programs. Some of these programs rely on the ability of veterinarians to differentiate animals exposed to virulent strains of PRV from animals exposed to avirulent vaccine strains of PRV on the basis of a serologic response to nonessential glycoproteins that are deleted in some vaccine strains of PRV. Genetic recombination resulting in the creation of virulent strains of PRV with the same negative immunologic markers as vaccine strains could disrupt these programs. Two strains of PRV were coinoculated either into tissue culture or into sheep to facilitate recombination. Progeny viruses were selected to detect a specific recombinant phenotype. We were able to detect genetic recombination between vaccine strains of PRV following in vitro or in vivo coinoculation of 2 strains of PRV. The selected recombinants had marker-deleted phenotypes in strains with restored virulence genes. Increased virulence was observed in sheep after coinoculation of 2 avirulent vaccine strains of PRV.     

Identification of the cross-reactive antigens between Marek's disease virus and pseudorabies virus by monoclonal antibodies

Among the 33 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against pseudorabies virus (PRV) examined, three MAbs (24-17, 74-26, and 8) were found to react with cells infected with Marek's disease virus (MDV)-related viruses by immunofluorescence test. Two of the MAbs (24-17 and 74-26) reacted with the nuclei of cells infected with MDV serotype 1 (MDV1), MDV serotype 2 (MDV2), and herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), whereas MAb 8 reacted with the cytoplasm of MDV2- and HVT-infected cells. However, none of the MAbs against MDV1, MDV2, and HVT that were examined reacted with PRV-infected cells. None of these three MAbs against PRV reactive with MDV-related viruses cross-reacted with the cells infected with other herpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, or human herpesvirus 6. Southern-blot hybridization under stringent or less-stringent conditions showed that no significant DNA homology was detected between PRV DNA and MDV DNA.