养殖模式对固始鸡氨基酸及其组成的影响研究

分别采用无抗舍养、无抗放养、有抗舍养和有抗放养四种方式对固始鸡进行养殖,测定不同养殖阶段鸡腿肉、胸肉和肝脏中的氨基酸含量,以研究不同养殖模式对鸡肉品质的影响。结果显示,在舍养条件下,有抗养殖与无抗养殖比较,随着养殖时间的延长,无抗养殖的总氨基酸含量略高于有抗养殖,而呈鲜味、必需氨基酸含量有抗养殖略高;放养条件下有抗养殖与无抗养殖比较,总氨基酸、呈鲜味氨基酸、必需和非必需氨基酸,无抗养殖均略高。对不同养殖模式的总体比较,氨基酸总量放养条件时较高;必需和非必需氨基酸以及呈鲜味氨基酸放养条件时显著提高。有抗养殖与无抗养殖总体比较,总氨基酸、必需和非必需氨基酸有抗养殖较高,呈鲜味氨基酸差异不显著。经分析可知,无抗养殖有助于提高鸡肉中氨基酸、必需氨基酸和呈鲜味氨基酸的含量。在放养条件下,无论是有抗养殖还是无抗养殖,鸡腿、鸡胸和肝脏中的氨基酸总量总体水平均高于舍养,其中天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸相对较高。     

青蒿素及其衍生物药理作用研究进展

青蒿素及其衍生物具有抗疟疾、抗肿瘤、抗血吸虫、抗弓形虫、抗纤维化、抗孕、抗心律失常等多种药理活性；但其作用机制、特点、应用研究仍处于初级阶段，因此具有广阔的研究开发前景。本文综述了国内外近年来对青蒿素及其衍生物药理作用及可能的相关机制的研究进展。     

Advances in studies on Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its active components in anti-inflammation and mechanism

甘草及其活性成分能提高吞噬细胞的吞噬功能、调节淋巴细胞数量与功能、抑制IgE抗体形成、抗炎症介质及前炎性细胞因子,具有抗炎、抗变态反应的药理活性.甘草黄酮类化合物(异甘草素、异甘草苷、甘草素、甘草查耳酮A、光甘草定、甘草醇等)、甘草多糖和甘草酸是其抗炎、抗变应性炎症的活性成分.其中对异甘草素、甘草查耳酮A和甘草酸的抗炎及抗变应性炎症作用的研究较为深入.综述甘草及其活性成分的抗炎作用及抗炎机制的研究进展.     

抗微生物药品的分类、存在问题及解决措施

抗微生物药物,即抗感染药物,即杀灭或者抑制微生物生长或繁殖的药物,包括抗菌药物、抗病毒药物、抗滴虫原虫药物、抗支原体衣原体立克次体药物等,但不包括抗寄生虫药物。抗微生物药品用于临床兽医已有多年,在促进动物生长,     

“禁抗、减抗”背景下的生猪养殖思考

为提高畜产品质量安全，我国已全面实施饲料禁抗和养殖业减抗行动。养猪业是养殖业中的主导产业，本文重点阐述了养殖业替抗减抗的必要性，提出了生猪生产中要选育推广抗逆性强的猪种、配制安全营养平衡的饲料、创造健康舒适的环境和提升疫病防控能力等替抗减抗技术措施。介绍了微生态制剂、中草药制剂、酶制剂、抗菌肽等7种高效替抗产品，可在养猪生产中推广使用。     

禽类抗寄生虫药物的选用

1选药原则 抗寄生虫药物可分为抗蠕虫药（又称驱虫药,包括驱线虫药、驱绦虫药、驱吸虫药）、抗原虫药（抗球虫药、抗滴虫药）、体外杀虫药（又称杀昆虫和杀蜱螨药）。由于动物的寄生虫病多为混合感染,因此应选用高效、广谱、低毒,投药方便、价格低廉、无残留和不易产生耐药性等的抗寄生虫药。     

饲料原粮中的抗营养因子

抗营养因子是指饲料本身含有或从外界进入饲料中的阻碍营养的消化吸收的微量成分。抗营养因子可影响能量、蛋白质、矿物质和维生素的消化吸收。有些抗营养因子毒性很强，可造成动物中毒和死亡。1 影响蛋白质消化的抗营养因子1.1 主要抗营养物质：包括蛋白酶抑制因子、植物凝集素、皂素、单宁等。1.2 副作用：抗营养因子与消化酶结合，使其失去活性或减弱其活性。可与蛋白体结合，使粘膜发育异常。可与金属元素形成不溶性复合物。影响蛋白质、能量消化的抗营养因子、来源、抗营养作用及加工处理等详见表1。2 影响矿物质消化的抗营养因子2.1 …     

无抗畜牧业的概念及发展方向

饲料AGP（抗生素生长促进剂）停用已成为世界畜牧业发展的趋势与潮流,我国饲料乃至畜牧业的无抗化也成为行业及公众关心的重要课题.本文主要针对无抗畜牧业（无抗饲料、无抗养殖、无抗畜产品）的概念定义、饲料AGP的效果、危害、我国饲用AGP使用的动物分布与最长停药期及无抗饲料技术研发方向等作一浅述.     

抗犬病五联高免血清过敏

抗犬病五联高免血清包括抗犬瘟热、抗犬细小病毒、抗狂犬病、抗传染性肝炎及抗副流感高免血清,作者在治疗犬瘟热病时,应用抗犬病五联高免血清(解放军农牧大学生产),发现有一系列不良反应,暂称血清病综合征.     

91味中药及复方体外抗内毒素实验研究

对91味中药进行体外抗内毒素试验研究，拟筛选出高效抗内毒素作用中药组方。结果表明，多数中药具有抗内毒素作用，中等抗内毒素作用分布较多，而少数品种，如牡丹皮（安徽）、石榴皮（浙江）、贯众（浙江）在1：128的浓度仍然具有很强的抗内毒素作用。复方2（丹皮、贯众）、方6（贯众、丹皮、知母、栀子、大黄）具有极强的抗内毒素作用。     

哺乳期犊牛健康管理

哺乳期犊牛是奶牛生命周期的开始,也是奶牛整个生命周期中最为脆弱的阶段,其健康状况可直接影响牧场的可持续发展和经营效率。在哺乳期,犊牛可面临多种疾病的挑战,但消化道疾病和呼吸道疾病是全球奶牛养殖业面临的共性问题。本文对哺乳期犊牛健康状况、初乳管理、犊牛腹泻和呼吸道疾病的管理进行了梳理,并对其防控提出了建议。初乳管理方面分析了影响初乳质量的因素、初乳储存与处理和饲喂管理;犊牛健康管理部分叙述了产圈管理、饲养环境和饲喂方式、营养及饲喂管理、疫苗免疫、通风、疾病早期诊断、应激管理和患犊管理。     

家兔大肠杆菌病的调查研究

本文报告了对家兔大肠杆菌病的调查研究结果,并侧重于病原学方面。其内容主要包括流行病学;临床表现;病理形态学;病原形态学、理化特性、血清定型、致病力、产肠毒素(LT)及纤毛抗原成分、内毒素致病作用;间接荧光抗体检查法;药物和菌苗防治;临床健康家兔肠道内大肠杆菌分布等。从中发现了一些基本规律和特点,填充了家兔大肠杆菌病的内容,对有效地诊断和防治家兔大肠杆菌病具有一定的指导意义。     

新疆伊犁夏牧场铁、铜、锰、锌、硒营养生态环境的研究(Ⅰ)

试验旨在研究新疆伊犁牧区土壤－牧草－水(溪流)中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒5种微量元素的含量、分布特征与相互关系,以评估新疆伊犁夏牧场微量元素的营养生态环境。在伊犁夏牧场卡拉卓恩(南坡)和唐布拉草地(北坡)海拔1400~2999 m垂直带,根据海拔分别采取土壤(n=75)、牧草(n=75)和溪水(n=75)样品,测定其铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量。结果表明,伊犁夏牧场土壤中铁、铜、锰和锌平均含量分别为15 418.4、32.6、474.5和115.8 mg/kg,牧草中分别为446.0、7.8、85.7和41.9 mg/kg,土壤与牧草铁、铜、锰和锌含量的相关性(R²)分别为0.43、0.82、0.47和0.72,土壤和牧草中铁、铜、锰、锌含量随海拔变化规律不明显;溪水中不含以上4种元素;土壤和牧草中不含硒,溪水含硒极微量。由此说明,伊犁夏牧场铁元素过多,锌、锰基本适宜,铜缺乏,而硒则严重缺乏。     

Study on Improving Active Ingredients of Astragalus Root,Stem and Leaf by Probiotic Fermentation

The utilization of Astragalus resource was often limited to the root, while the stem and leaf had always been discarded, causing serious waste of traditional Chinese medicine resources. This experiment was aimed to study the changes of the content of active ingredients such as Astragalus polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins in Astragalus root, stem and leaf by probiotic fermentation. A strain of FGM probiotic isolated from chicken intestines was used in this experiment for the fermentation of Astragalus root, stem and leaf. The results showed that, after fermentation, the crude polysaccharide contents of Astragalus root, annual stem, two years stem, annual leaf, two years leaf increased by 177.46%, 227.27%, 207.11%, 170.61% and 182.28%, respectively, the total flavonoids contents increased by 55.67%, 33.68%, 30.04%, -8.17% and -6.57%, respectively, and the total saponins contents increased by 68.50%, 55.91%, 55.71%, 40.93% and 46.13%, respectively. FGM probiotic fermentation made the main component contents of Astragalus increased, which would help for the further utilization of different parts of Astragalus, and efficient utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

川楝子治疗鸡球虫病的药效研究

选用川楝子治疗鸡球虫病及其对机体免疫力影响的研究,通过测定用药前后球虫虫卵数量的变化,以及测定用药前后血清和胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊组织匀浆中NO、NOS、SOD、MDA含量,结果为川楝子组血清和胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊组织匀浆中NO、NOS、SOD、MDA含量都较球虫感染对照组差异显著(P0.05)或差异极显著(P0.01);川楝子组对鸡免疫器官胸腺、脾、法氏囊指数指数均较球虫感染对照组差异显著或差异极显著。说明川楝子治疗鸡球虫病效果明显,且能够促进鸡免疫器官的发育和增强机体的免疫力,为研究驱杀球虫中药对免疫功能的影响提供了一种可行性的方法。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

岩藻多糖的生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用

岩藻多糖是一种天然的杂多糖，其自然资源丰富、安全无毒，具有多种生理功能：可清除体内过量自由基，激活抗氧化酶系统，抑制氧化应激通路的信号转导，发挥抗氧化功能；可通过抑制体内炎症因子的产生，抑制炎症通路，促进抗体表达，提高机体非特异性免疫等途径提高机体免疫；可通过促进癌细胞凋亡、抑制血管生成，提高机体免疫力等方式发挥抗肿瘤作用；此外，岩藻多糖还具有抑菌、抗病毒、抗血栓等多种生物学功能。动物试验表明，岩藻多糖可降低仔猪料重比，提高其对营养物质的消化率；可提高雏鸡的总采食量、总增重和饲料转化率；显著提高南亚野鲮的体重、生长速率和蛋白质功效比；提高鸡的胴体重和胸肌重量；提高猪肉抗氧化能力；降低肠道炎症和水肿；提高肠道绒毛高度，改善肠道菌群平衡；调节糖脂代谢，降低体脂含量。作者就岩藻多糖的理化性质、生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用现状进行综述，以期为岩藻多糖在动物生产中的应用提供理论依据。     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

疱疹病毒ICP22蛋白研究进展

疱疹病毒（herpesvirus）是一类有囊膜结构的双链DNA病毒,典型结构由双链DNA基因组、衣壳（capsid）、皮层（tegument）和囊膜（envelope）组成。其家族庞大,迄今共发现了100多种,分为甲型（α）、乙型（β）、丙型（γ）疱疹病毒亚科。疱疹病毒宿主分布极其广泛,可感染两栖类、禽类、哺乳类、灵长类和人类,主要侵害皮肤、黏膜以及神经组织,严重影响着人类及其他动物的健康。感染细胞蛋白22（infected cell protein 22,ICP22）是US1或其同源基因编码的多功能蛋白,可与细胞和/或病毒成分相互作用而广泛发挥作用,如参与病毒潜伏感染期的建立、与RNA聚合酶Ⅱ（RNA polymerase Ⅱ,RNA Pol Ⅱ）相互作用影响病毒和宿主基因转录、影响病毒诱导分子伴侣富集域（virus-induced chaperone-enriched,VICE）区域的形成以及子代病毒粒子的核出芽、涉及细胞凋亡、自噬与抗病毒反应等。本文就疱疹病毒US1及同源基因编码蛋白ICP22的研究进展作一综述,以期为深入开展ICP22与病毒和宿主蛋白相互作用参与病毒复制和致病过程中的机制研究提供参考,对动物疱疹病毒、特别是以ICP22作为靶标的新药研究具有一定的参考价值。