山东省山鸡和鹅白血病流行病学调查

为了解山东省山鸡和鹅禽白血病（Avian Leukosis, AL）流行情况,从德州平原、潍坊临胸等地区无菌采集262份山鸡血清,701份泄殖腔棉拭子（山鸡棉拭子362份、大白鹅鸡棉拭子168份、郎德鹅棉拭子171份）,利用IDEXX公司ELISA试剂盒进行了ALV—J、ALV—A／B抗体检测及p27抗原检测。检测结果显示,262份山鸡血清中ALV-J只有2份抗体阳性,而ALV-A／B抗体阳性6份,但在362份棉拭子中p27抗原阳性率却高达26．5％。大白鹅和郎德鹅棉拭子p27抗原检测全为阴性。本研究以病原学和血清学方法开展ALV的流行病学调查,初步了解了山东地区山鸡和鹅的ALV的感染状况。为该病的防控提供了理论依据。     

禽白血病病毒贵州流行株env基因克隆与序列分析

为了解禽白血病病毒（ALV）贵州流行株的遗传变异情况及分子特征,本试验基于ALV env基因设计合成引物对禽白血病贵州临床病例进行目的基因扩增、克隆和序列分析。结果显示,从临床病例中筛选获得3份阳性样本,PCR扩增均获得大小约921 bp的目的基因片段,将其命名为：GZ-ALV-1株、GZ-ALV-2株和GZ-ALV-3株。序列分析结果显示,3株ALV贵州流行株之间核苷酸同源性在97.2%~97.6%之间,与国内外ALV-J的同源性相对较高,为93.1%~99.3%;而与A、B、C、D、E、K亚群ALV同源性仅为51.4%~53.2%。系统进化分析显示,3株ALV贵州流行株与ALV-J亚群参考株处于同一分支,表明本试验所检测的ALV毒株均为ALV-J亚群;与A、B、C、D、E、K亚群处于不同进化分支。基因变异分析显示,3株流行株37处相同核苷酸变异导致17处氨基酸发生位点变异,其中9个可变点在高变区hr1和hr2,1个可变点在低变区vr3。结果表明,3株ALV贵州流行株均为ALV-J亚群,env基因存在位点发生了变异,且可变位点位于序列高变区。本研究结果为明确贵州禽白血病流行概况及ALV的防控与净化提供基础数据。     

禽白血病病毒贵州流行株env基因克隆与序列分析

为了解禽白血病病毒(ALV)贵州流行株的遗传变异情况及分子特征,本试验基于ALV env基因设计合成引物对禽白血病贵州临床病例进行目的基因扩增、克隆和序列分析。结果显示,从临床病例中筛选获得3份阳性样本,PCR扩增均获得大小约921 bp的目的基因片段,将其命名为:GZ-ALV-1株、GZ-ALV-2株和GZ-ALV-3株。序列分析结果显示,3株ALV贵州流行株之间核苷酸同源性在97.2%～97.6%之间,与国内外ALV-J的同源性相对较高,为93.1%～99.3%;而与A、B、C、D、E、K亚群ALV同源性仅为51.4%～53.2%。系统进化分析显示,3株ALV贵州流行株与ALV-J亚群参考株处于同一分支,表明本试验所检测的ALV毒株均为ALV-J亚群;与A、B、C、D、E、K亚群处于不同进化分支。基因变异分析显示,3株流行株37处相同核苷酸变异导致17处氨基酸发生位点变异,其中9个可变点在高变区hr1和hr2,1个可变点在低变区vr3。结果表明,3株ALV贵州流行株均为ALV-J亚群,env基因存在位点发生了变异,且可变位点位于序列高变区。本研究结果为明确贵州禽白血病流行概况及ALV的防控与净化提供基础数据。     

湖南省禽白血病病毒分子流行病学调查及env基因序列分析

为了解禽白血病病毒(ALV)在湖南省各禽类养殖场的感染情况,于2018年1月至2019年1月采集湖南省不同地区21个养殖场的156份组织与血清样品。分别设计针对ALV 5′非翻译区(5′UTR)的检测引物和env基因近全长扩增引物,通过RT-PCR首先用检测引物对样品进行检测,然后扩增阳性样品ALV env基因全长并测序分析。结果显示,19个养殖场检测出E亚群ALV(ALV-E),其env基因与GenBank中ALV-E的核苷酸序列同源性为99.38%～99.90%;1个养殖场检测出ALV-J,其env基因推导的氨基酸序列与GenBank中ALV-J的氨基酸序列同源性最高为92.63%,并且在该场同一样品中同时检出ALV-E和ALV-J;1个野鸡养殖场检测出ALV-F,其env基因推导的氨基酸序列与已发表的ALV-F的氨基酸同源性为88.69%;同时检测出2株新型的ALV,其env基因推导的氨基酸序列与已发表的A、B、C、D、E、F、J和K亚群的氨基酸同源性为44.68%～58.42%。结果表明,ALV-E在湖南省禽养殖场普遍存在,并首次在我国养殖野鸡中检测出ALV-F,而且在野鸡中发现了很可能是ALV新亚群的2株病毒。本试验为ALV在湖南禽类养殖场的流行情况研究提供了依据。     

A、J亚群禽白血病病毒感染肉用种鸡的诊断

通过流行病学调查、剖检病变和组织病理学观察,结合PCR技术检测病原核酸,确诊肉用种鸡群发生了由ALV—A和ALV—J感染而导致的淋巴细胞性白血病和骨髓细胞瘤型白血病。在检测的6只病鸡中,6只病鸡均感染了ALV—J,2只病鸡感染了ALV-A.     

不同组织样品或检测方法对ALV检测结果的影响

本研究探讨不同检测方法或样品等因素对ALV检测结果的影响,为建立我国种鸡场禽白血病净化检测和临床鉴别诊断方法提供科学依据.我们对从我国不同种禽场获得的蛋清和泄殖腔棉拭子进行ALV抗原酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)比较检测;对上述不同检测结果区间的鸡只使用细胞培养分离病毒方法进行比较检验检测;对血清、血浆和蛋清样品使用DF1细胞和CEF进行病毒分离比较检测.结果,使用泄殖腔棉拭子和蛋清检测ALV P27的ELISA之间存在高度相关性,且蛋清检测更为灵敏(线性关系方程为y(蛋清)=1.3765X(泄殖腔)+0.0363,相关系数为0.9588).ELISA直接检测值(S/P值)不小于1.5(蛋清)或2.0(泄殖腔棉拭子)的鸡只,分离外源性ALV的比例为100％;检测值不小于1.0(蛋清)或1.5(泄殖腔棉拭子)的鸡只,病毒分离比例在90％以上;检测值为0.2以上的鸡只,病毒分离比例仅为59％(蛋清)和32.4％(泄殖腔棉拭子);而且,至少10％得检测值小于0.2的鸡只仍能用细胞分离到病毒;另外,对相同鸡只,使用蛋清分离病毒的比例为21％,而血清为8.5％;从相同蛋清中使用DF1细胞分离病毒的比例为27.84％,而CEF为17.53％.结果表明,蛋清较泄殖腔棉拭子ELISA检测更敏感;90％以上检测值在1.0(蛋清)或1.5(泄殖腔棉拭子)以上的鸡只,使用DF1细胞能够分离病毒;比较发现蛋清较血清,DF1细胞较CEF分离检测病毒更敏感.该研究结果结论对在我国种鸡群实施ALV净化建立包括泄殖腔棉拭子或蛋清进行ALV P27抗原ELISA检测以及细胞分离ALV方法相结合的综合检测方法提供科学依据.     

广西龙胜县某凤鸡养殖场禽白血病检测

为了解广西纯地方品种龙胜凤鸡中禽白血病（AL）的流行情况,采集龙胜凤鸡的肛拭子217份、蛋清样品59份和血清样品276份,采用禽白血病病毒（ALV）群特异性抗原p27和A/B、J亚群抗体检测试剂盒分别对肛拭子、蛋清样品和血清样品进行检测.结果显示,p27抗原的总阳性率为26.45％（68/276）;A/B亚群抗体的总阳性率为24.64％（10/276）;J亚群抗体的阳性率为3.62％（73/276）.结果表明,龙胜凤鸡的种群已存在ALV的感染,以A/B亚群感染为主.     

我国东北地区野生鸟类A亚群禽白血病病毒分子流行病学调查及env基因序列分析

为了解野生鸟类禽白血病病毒(ALV)的感染情况,本研究采集了300份野生鸟类样品,将样品处理后接种DF-1细胞,利用p27抗原ELISA、IFA、PCR等方法检测,其中两份样品为ALV阳性并对其env基因扩增.结果表明,其中gp85编码序列与已发表的A亚群ALV (ALV-A)的同源性最高,为91.1％～100％,而与已发表的鸡的B、C、D、E、J亚群ALV的gp85编码序列的同源性仅在28.0 ％～80.3％之间.遗传进化树分析也表明这两份ALV阳性样品的gp85编码序列属于ALV-A.本实验在我国野生鸟类群体中首次分离和鉴定出ALV-A,表明目前我国野生鸟类已经存在A亚群ALV的感染.     

进口白羽肉种鸡禽白血病疫情鉴定

2018年以来,某进口品种肉种鸡发生疑似禽白血病病例,流行范围广,危害严重,为确定该次疫情的病原,本研究从辽宁、山东等地发病鸡场采集55份疑似禽白血病病料样品。病理组织切片观察显示,病料样品肝脏和脾脏均有髓细胞样肿瘤细胞增生。针对禽白血病病毒(ALV)、鸡马立克氏病病毒(MDV)和网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)的特异性PCR检测结果显示,55份病料样品中ALV阳性样品12份(21.8%),MDV阳性样品1份(1.82%),REV均为阴性。将12份ALV阳性病料样品经处理后接种DF-1细胞进行病毒分离,ELISA检测结果显示有8份ALV群特异性抗原阳性。ALV多重PCR检测结果表明,8个分离株均为J亚群ALV(ALV-J),测序结果显示,8个分离株之间核苷酸序列同源性为99.5%~100%,与A、B、C、D、E亚群ALV的同源性仅为56.5%~58.8%,与ALV-J的同源性为90.7%~96.6%,进一步表明所有分离株均为ALV-J。上述结果表明,引起该次进口白羽父母代肉种鸡发生禽白血病的病原主要以ALV-J为主,该研究结果为疫情的溯源和有效防控奠定了基础。     

禽白血病p27抗原检测阳性与病毒分离的相关性比较

本试验以80只300日龄的A品系蛋鸡为试验对象,分5个日龄段按翅号采集蛋清、泄殖腔棉拭子,无菌抗凝血和血清.用ALV p27抗原检测试剂盒检测蛋清和泄殖腔棉拭子.将无菌抗凝血分离血浆接种DF-1细胞,培养一周后用同样方法检测上清收集液,分析该群鸡只在不同日龄段泄殖腔棉拭子阳性、蛋清样本阳性和病毒分离阳性之间的相关性.用ALV-Ab抗体试剂盒检测各日龄段血清的抗体水平.此外,选取某一日龄段蛋清和泄殖腔拭子样本用4个不同厂家的ALV p27抗原检测试剂盒进行检测比较.结果表明,5个日龄段泄殖腔棉拭子平均阳性率为61％,蛋清样本平均阳性率为72.6％,病毒分离平均阳性率为48.8％.5个日龄段ALV的抗体阳性率一直为零;4个厂家的ELISA试剂盒对同一批样本的检测结果表明,IDEXX试剂盒的敏感度最高.本试验为外源性鸡白血病病毒检测及鸡白血病净化其方法的应用、试剂盒的选择、减少判定的误差、提高净化效果提供了一定的科学依据.     

Response of white leghorn chickens to infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup J and infectious bursal disease virus

The effects of viral-induced immunosuppression on the infectious status (viremia and antibody) and shedding of avian leukosis virus (ALV) were studied. Experimental white leghorn chickens were inoculated with ALV subgroup J (ALV-J) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) at day of hatch with the ALV-J ADOL prototype strain Hcl, the Lukert strain of IBDV, or both. Appropriate groups were exposed a second time with the Lukert strain at 2 wk of age. Serum samples were collected at 2 and 4 wk of age for IBDV antibody detection. Samples for ALV-J viremia, antibody detection, and cloacal shedding were collected at 4, 10, 18, and 30 wk of age. The experiment was terminated at 30 wk of age, and birds were necropsied and examined grossly for tumor development. Neoplasias detected included hemangiomas, bile duct carcinoma, and anaplastic sarcoma of the nerve. Control birds and IBDV-infected birds were negative for ALV-J-induced viremia, antibodies, and cloacal shedding throughout experiment. By 10 wk, ALV-J-infected groups began to develop antibodies to ALV-J. However, at 18 wk the incidence of virus isolation increased in both groups, with a simultaneous decrease in antibody levels. At 30 wk, 97% of birds in the ALV-J group were virus positive and 41% were antibody positive. In the ALV-J/IDBV group, 96% of the birds were virus positive at 30 wk, and 27% had antibodies to ALV-J. In this study, infection with a mild classic strain of IBDV did not influence ALV-J infection or antibody production.     

Detection of subgroup J avian leukosis virus infection in Australian meat-type chickens

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection in Australian broiler breeder flocks, using virus isolation and molecular biological detection. Any resultant ALV-J viral isolates to be characterised by neutralisation cross testing in order to determine antigenic relationships to overseas isolates of ALV-J. STUDY DESIGN: Samples of blood, feather pulp, albumen and tumours were obtained from broiler breeder flocks which represented four genetic strains of meat chickens being grown in Victoria, South Australia, NSW and Queensland. Dead and ailing birds were necropsied on farm and samples were collected for microscopic and virological examinations. Virus isolation was carried out in C/O and DF-1 CEF cultures and ALV group specific antigen was detected in culture lysates using AC-ELISA. Micro-neutralisation assay was used for antigenic characterisation of selected isolates. Genomic DNA was isolated from cultured cells, tumours and feather pulp. ALV-J envelope sequences were amplified by PCR using specific ALV-J primers while antibodies against ALV-J were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: A total of 62 ALV-J isolates were recovered and confirmed by PCR from 15 (31.3%) of 48 breeder flocks tested. Antibody to ALV-J was detected in 20 (47.6%) of the 42 flocks tested. Characteristic lesions of myeloid leukosis caused by ALV-J were found in affected flocks. The gross pathological lesions were characterised by skeletal myelocytomas located on the inner sternum and ribs, neoplastic enlargement of the liver, and in some cases gross tumour involvement of the spleen, kidney, trachea, skeletal muscles, bone marrow, skin and gonads. Microscopically, the tumours consisted of immature granulated myelocytes, and were present as focal or diffuse infiltrations in the affected organs. Virus micro-neutralisation assays demonstrated antigenic variation among Australian isolates and to overseas strains of ALV-J. CONCLUSION: ALV-J infection was prevalent in Australian broiler breeder flocks during 2001 to 2003. Australian isolates of ALV-J show a degree of antigenic variation when compared to overseas isolates.     

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of glycoprotein GP85 of ALV-J isolates from Mainland China between 1999 and 2010: coexistence of two extremely different subgroups in layers

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), first isolated in 1989, preferentially infects meat-type birds. However, layer flocks in China have experienced outbreaks of this virus since 2008. To understand the genetic diversity of ALV-J in Chinese layers, we compared and analyzed the GP85 gene sequences of 106 ALV-J isolates that were isolated between 1999 and 2010 in Mainland China. The GP85 gene sequences of 41 layer isolates collected from 9 provinces of China between 2008 and 2010 belonged to two separate, highly diverse subgroups and were differentiated from meat-type chicken isolates. When compared to all meat-type isolates from China, Subgroup 1 exclusively contained current layer isolates and seemed to be dominant; all the isolates in this subgroup exhibited gene diversity, and many unique amino acid mutations were present. In contrast, the viruses in Subgroup 2 were perfectly conserved and shared high identity with the prototype meat-type chicken ALV-J strain HPRS-103. The two subgroups contained only two concurrent mutations at the same position. Moreover, most of the isolates in Subgroup 1 had two additional glycosylation sites (at positions 101 and 191) when compared with those in Subgroup 2. Our study provides evidence for the coexistence of two extremely different ALV-J subgroups in Chinese layers from 2008 to 2010, supporting the need for vaccine development and purification measures to prevent ALV-J infection in layers in China.     

REV和ALV-J感染对肉用型鸡细胞免疫反应的影响

以网状内皮增生症病毒（REV）和禽白血病病毒J亚群（ALV-J）单一感染和共感染1日龄商品代AA肉鸡后不同时间,采用3H-TdR掺入法测定血液和脾脏的淋巴细胞对ConA的增殖反应能力。结果表明,血液淋巴细胞对ConA增殖反应能力在REV和ALV-J共感染后7 d均下降,REV单一感染组在感染后17、37 d均极显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）,ALV-J单一感染组也呈现下降趋势。在脾淋巴细胞反应中,REV感染组在感染后37 d极显著降低（P〈0.01）,ALV-J组显著降低（P〈0.05）。REV和ALV-J共感染抑制淋巴细胞对ConA增殖反应较单一感染强,效应期也较长,在感染后37 d,共感染对血液和脾淋巴细胞反应的抑制作用均大于REV和ALV-J的单一感染（P〈0.05）。在感染后273、7 d检测NDV抗体,单一感染组降低显著（P〈0.05）,而共感染组下降极显著（P〈0.01）,且显著低于单一感染组（P〈0.05）。本研究表明REV、ALV-J感染不仅能抑制体液免疫反应,也能抑制细胞免疫反应,且共感染比单一感染的抑制作用更强。     

The effects of avian leukosis virus subgroup J on broiler chicken performance and response to vaccination

The effects of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection on meat-type chickens reared in a simulated commercial setting were evaluated. Each of three ALV-J isolates was evaluated with both simulated horizontal transmission (SHT) and simulated vertical transmission (SVT). Mortality, morbidity, disease condemnations, and feed conversions were increased and body weights at processing were decreased in ALV-J infected birds as compared to sham inoculated hatch mates. The adverse effects of ALV-J infection were more severe in birds exposed by SVT than in birds exposed by SHT. At 8 weeks of age response to vaccination for infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus or prior exposure to a pathogenic reovirus was assessed in the ALV-J and sham inoculated broiler chickens by challenge studies. Although not statistically significant, an overall trend of decreased protection to challenge after vaccination, or prior exposure, was observed in the ALV-J inoculates as compared to sham inoculated hatch mates. Differences in vaccine response were most evident in groups inoculated with ALV-J by the SVT route.     

Polymerase chain reaction for detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in feather pulp

Feather pulp from experimentally infected chickens was used as a source of DNA for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) proviral DNA. A primer set that produces a large amplicon (approximately 2,125) was used to detect ALV-J proviral DNA. This primer set was used in lieu of previously published primers because it allows for sequencing of the entire envelope gene and because it was able to detect diagnostically a number of North American ALV-J isolates that could not be detected with previously published primers and PCR conditions. ALV-J proviral DNA was detected in feather pulp at 7 days of age in more than 90% of birds infected as embryos and 7 days postinoculation in over 50% of chickens infected at 3 days of age. The results obtained with PCR on feather pulp were compared with those of virus isolation. In the embryo-inoculated birds, the percentages of agreement between PCR and virus isolation were 92.5% at 7 days of age and 100% at 28, 42, 49, and 56 days of age. However, the overall sensitivity of virus isolation in embryo-infected birds was higher, particularly at 7 and 56 days of age. In chickens inoculated at 3 days of age, the percentages of agreement of detection between PCR and virus isolation ranged from 75% at 10 days of age to 100% at 42 days of age. Agreement of negative results of ALV-J detection by PCR and virus isolation in chickens infected posthatch ranged between 66.6% and 100% between the ages of 10 and 42 days. Virus isolation requires chicken embryo fibroblasts of specific genetic lines, and the process takes onaverage 7-9 days. Aseptic collection of blood and tissues for virus isolation and molecular detection of ALV-J requires sterile necropsy instruments as well as syringes and needles for each individual chicken, whereas sterile microcentrifuge tubes and gloves are the only equipment necessary for aseptic feather pulp collection for ALV-J detection by PCR. PCR-based detection of ALV-J in feather pulp is especially suitable when ALV-J infection must be diagnosed rapidly and unequivocally without killing the chicken(s) and in situations where crucial reagents or suitable virus propagation substrates are not readily available for isolation and propagation of ALV-J in cell culture.     

Haemangiomas, leiomyosarcoma and myeloma caused by subgroup J avian leukosis virus in a commercial layer flock

An outbreak of simultaneously occurring haemangiomas, leiomyosarcoma and myeloma was observed in a commercial layer flock in China. The sick chickens were extremely thin and dehydrated. Scattered haemangiomas were found on the claws, breast and wings. At necropsy, haemangiomas and some other nodular tumours were also found in the internal organs. In addition, diffuse enlargement of the liver and spleen appeared in some birds. Histopathologically, haemangiomas were typically cavernous haemangiomas and haemangioendothelioma. In the diffusely swollen liver and spleen, multifocal or widespread marrow tumour cells filled with ball-like acidophilic particles in cytosol were observed, which are the characteristic pathological changes of avian myelocytomatosis. The nodular tumour cells formed by muscle bundles were of variable size, irregular shape, poorly differentiated and malaligned. Immunohistochemistry for vimentin, cytokeratin, actin (smooth muscle) and actin (sarcomeric) and Masson's staining confirmed the different cell lineage of the nodular tumour, thus leading to the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. The seroprevalence of avian leukosis subgroup J (ALV-J) antibodies was 13.46% (7/52), while ALV-A/B and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) antibodies were not detectable. The DF-1 cells inoculated by virus extracted from liver samples from 24 infected chickens were cultured and the group-specific antigen (GSA) was identified by ELISA. All samples were positive for ALV, which was further identified as ALV-J by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). PCR analysis revealed that three isolates of ALV-J proviral sequence were close to the HPRS-103 prototype strain and other Chinese field strains isolated in recent years, while one isolate (DP01) had a lower homology with them. This is the first report that ALV-J infection caused the simultaneous occurrence of haemangiomas, leiomyosarcoma and myeloma in a commercial layer flock.     

ALV-J诱发鸡成红细胞白血病的临床病例分析

2010—2011年检测3批病例,分别来自泰安新泰的110日龄麻鸡、济宁泗水的90日龄麻鸡和济南20日龄蛋雏鸡。病鸡均表现消瘦、精神萎靡、嗜睡、鸡冠稍苍白或发绀等,死亡率分别为20%、12%和18%。剖检,3批病鸡均可见肝脏、脾脏及肾脏严重肿大,胸腺、肌肉、腺胃等组织器官出血。新泰病鸡肝脏和肺脏表面有明显的白色肿瘤结节。血液涂片与骨髓涂片观察发现大量红细胞转变为体积较大,胞质丰富蓝染,胞核大呈圆形、核内有很纤细的染色质、核周围有空泡的成红细胞,以晚幼成红细胞为主;组织学检查发现,在所有组织脏器血管及间质内均可观察到大量聚集的与血涂片中形态相一致的成红细胞,并且可观察到核分裂相,但未见淋巴细胞聚集。通过血液学和组织学观察不仅排除马立克氏病和网状内皮组织增生症,而且排除中毒及代谢性疾病的可能。以肝脏组织DNA为模板,在3批病鸡中利用PCR检测均扩增出J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)gp85基因924bp的特异性片段,而A亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-A)、B亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-B)阴性。免疫组织化学检测结果表明,发病鸡肺脏和脾脏等含血量丰富的组织内发现组织细胞及成红细胞胞质呈ALV-J抗原阳性。根据以上检测结果确定此3批患有成红细胞白血病病鸡均由ALV-J感染引起。ALV-J引起单纯鸡成红细胞白血病在国内为首次发现。ALV-J在我国鸡群中的多潜能致瘤机制需要进一步的研究。     

地方品种HR土鸡不同亚型禽白血病病毒的共感染

为研究HR土鸡中存在的不同亚型禽白血病病毒(ALV)共感染的情况,本实验分别采集46只HR土公鸡的泄殖腔棉拭子和455枚鸡蛋卵白样品,采用ELISA试剂盒检测p27抗原;并采用相应的ELISA试剂盒分别检测卵黄中J亚型ALV(ALV-J)和AB亚型ALV(ALV-AB)抗体。结果表明:HR土公鸡泄殖腔棉拭子样品中p27检出阳性率为87%(40/46),卵白检出率为74.7%(340/455);而卵黄中ALV-J和ALV-AB抗体阳性率分别为0(0/30)和80%(24/30)。无菌采集初步筛选p27抗原检测为阳性的5只HR土公鸡的抗凝血接种CEF,采用抗ALV-J和ALV-A的单克隆抗体进行IFA检测,结果显示5份样品中ALV-A和ALV-J的阳性率均为100%(5/5)。同时选取HR土鸡分离株HR332进行PCR扩增鉴定,结果表明分离株HR332存在ALV-J(HR332J)和ALV-A(HR332A)。其中,HR332J与11株ALV-J国内外参考株的同源性为92.4%～97.9%;HR332A与ALV-A参考株RSA-A、MQNCSU的同源性分别为90.1%和89.7%,与国内分离株SDAU09E2的同源性为99.0%。本研究显示,地方品种HR土鸡存在不同亚型ALV共感染,同时ALV-A和ALV-J共感染同一个鸡的现象已经存在。     

J亚群禽白血病多发性肿瘤的病理改变与POR检测

两个规模化商品蛋鸡场发病鸡群临床解剖显示：脚部和翅膀有血管瘤、肌肉组织内出现纤维肉瘤,肿大的肝、脾出现髓细胞瘤;经组织病理学观察符合J亚群禽白血病（ALV-J）的病理学特征。针对ALV—J保守序列P27基因设计特异引物,建立PCR方法,从出现病理改变的各组织脏器、各多发性肿瘤中以及血液中均检测到ALV-J,证实该病为以髓细胞瘤,血管瘤和纤维肉瘤为主的多发性肿瘤传染病。对扩增产物序列进行测定后,与原型株序列进行比较,核苷酸同源性为98．27％,从分子水平上证明为J亚群禽白血病,用PCR检测进一步验证J亚群禽白血病毒的感染机制和引起鸡群的病理改变。