2015—2018年安徽省定点猪场主要疫病病原和血清抗体监测

为全面掌握安徽省口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪伪狂犬病等主要猪群疫病的感染及免疫状况,2015—2018年,从安徽省东部、中部和南部选取12个生猪养殖场,应用荧光定量RT-PCR和ELISA检测方法,连续4年对上述疫病病原和血清抗体进行检测。结果显示：每年均检测出口蹄疫3ABC阳性抗体,O型和A型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率呈逐年下降趋势。猪瘟和高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫情况较好,抗体合格率均超过农业农村部规定的70%标准,高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒核酸阳性率呈逐年下降趋势。猪伪狂犬病在猪场中存在一定的流行,gE（野毒）抗体阳性率在0.74%~19.90%之间;gB免疫抗体合格率在35.64%~71.16%之间,合格率较低且呈逐年下降趋势。小型猪场的主要疫病免疫抗体合格率普遍低于中型猪场,保育猪群和育肥猪群抗体合格率低于其他生产阶段猪群。结果提示,该地定点猪场的口蹄疫和猪伪狂犬病防控效果不理想,不仅存在一定的病毒感染,免疫抗体合格率也偏低,病毒流行风险较高,需要加强监测和免疫;猪瘟、高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征总体防控效果较好,但需要加强种公猪免疫。     

陕西省关中部分县（区）散养猪群PRRS流行情况调查

进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）疫苗安全及效力试验时,需要选用猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）抗原、抗体均为阴性的猪血清。为此,应用EUSA和RT—PCR方法对取自陕西省关中部分县（区）散养的未进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗免疫猪群共计135份血清样品进行了PRRSV抗体和抗原测定。结果表明,PRRSV抗体阳性率为6．67％（9／135）．PRRSV抗体阴性猪群中抗原阳性率为11．11％（14／126）。由此可以得出,该地区农户散养的猪群存在感染猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的危险。     

近三年上海浦东新区南汇新城CSF、FMD、PRRS抗体水平监测分析

为了掌握2011—2013年南汇新城镇猪瘟(CSF)、口蹄疫(FMD)和高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)的免疫效果,随机采取175份规模养殖场和162份散养猪血清,利用ELISA方法检测这3种疫病的抗体水平。结果显示,全镇CSF、FMD、PRRS的抗体合格率分别为82.7%,89.1%,90.6%,散养户为88.3%,90.1%和92.0%,规模场为77.1%,88.0%和89.1%,均高于农业部规定标准,这表明全镇存栏生猪CSF、FMD和PRRS免疫水平较高,生猪重大动物疫病防控形势良好。但规模场的抗体合格率普遍低于散养户,这提示规模养猪场在实际免疫操作过程中略有不足,本文对此提出一些综合性措施,为今后的防疫工作提供参考。     

广西部分地区猪群主要疫病免疫抗体监测和免疫效果分析

从广西5个地市33家养殖场随机采集免疫过猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)、猪瘟(CSF)、猪伪狂犬病(PR)疫苗的血清样品393份,使用免疫胶体金方法对样品的抗体水平进行检测。结果显示,不同养殖规模的猪场抗体阳性率总体较高的是猪瘟,达75.06%;其次是猪伪狂犬病,为71.25%;而猪繁殖与呼吸综合征抗体最低,仅为42.24%。各种病原抗体在不同规模的猪场有较大的差别,规模猪场的猪群某些疫病的抗体未必比散养猪群高。通过对不同类型的疫苗所产生的抗体水平进行比较,结果发现,使用猪繁殖与呼吸综合征灭活苗和弱毒苗、猪瘟脾淋苗和细胞苗、猪伪狂犬病国产苗和进口苗免疫所产生的抗体水平没有明显差异。     

不同免疫方式对仔猪免疫高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪瘟、猪口蹄疫三种疫苗抗体水平的影响

采用不同的免疫方式,对38头36~38日龄健康仔猪进行高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪瘟、猪口蹄疫3种疫苗进行免疫,分别于免疫前（0 d）和免疫后15、30、45、60、90 d采血进行这3种疫病抗体检测。结果发现效果最好的方法是先免疫猪瘟和口蹄疫疫苗14 d后再免疫高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗;其次是猪瘟疫苗和高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗分别释稀后混合为1针,口蹄疫疫苗另作1针同时分点注射;免疫效果最差的是高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪瘟、猪口蹄疫3种疫苗同时分3点注射。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的调查报告

为了解2011年盘锦地区免疫猪群中高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的免疫效果和感染状况,采用ELISA和荧光定量RT-PCR方法分别检测了本年度1-12月采集到的2160份猪血清和120份猪组织样品。结果表明,受检的猪组织样品中均无高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征抗原;大洼县、盘山县、兴隆台区、双台子区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征抗体阳性率分别为82.2%、81.1%、78.8%、81.1%;种猪场、商品代猪场、散养户的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征抗体阳性率分别为90%、81.3%、75%。从总体来看,2011年盘锦地区的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫状况良好,无猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫情发生。     

贵州规模猪场三种主要疫病调查情况与分析

为了解近几年贵州省部分规模养猪场猪瘟（HC）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）三种猪主要疫病的感染和免疫状况,采用ELISA方法对2011-2013年贵州省部分规模养猪场血清抗体进行了检测。结果显示,猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪圆环病毒病的免疫效果较为理想,但猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪圆环病毒2型的隐性感染较为严重,应加强综合防控。     

河南省部分猪群主要疫病疫苗免疫抗体水平监测与效果分析

2009年1月—2011年12月,从河南省信阳和驻马店地区62个猪场共收集免疫过猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、伪狂犬病毒(PRV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)疫苗的猪血液,利用ELISA方法对样品进行抗体水平的检测。结果显示:该地区猪场猪群的疫苗免疫合格率最高是PRV疫苗(87.06%);其次是CSFV疫苗(76.24%);PRRSV和PCV2的疫苗免疫合格率较低,分别为65.20%和50.78%。4种疫苗免疫抗体合格率在不同规模的猪场有较大的差别,规模猪场的猪群某些疫病的抗体未必比散养猪群高。种猪群的4种疫苗的免疫合格率最高,商品猪中各个生长阶段的免疫后抗体合格率比较后发现,断奶仔猪群PRRSV抗体合格率明显高于哺乳仔猪,育肥猪群合格率要比哺乳仔猪群和断奶仔猪群的抗体合格率低。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征治疗试验

在2007年高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病传人后,一度因疗效差和死亡率高引起恐慌,为了解其危害和探索科学有效的治疗方案,对发病后确诊为高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病的猪群154头进行治疗试验,治愈率73.38%.其中并发猪瘟组治愈率54.39%,比无猪瘟组的85.94%低31.55个百分点,差异显著;免疫过高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗的治愈率85.71%,比未免疫过高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗的75.00%高10.71个百分点,差异显著;猪瘟、高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病阳性猪群治愈率54.39%,比面上的治愈率43.59%高10.8个百分点,差异不显著.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征减毒疫苗在仔猪体内的抗体消长规律

本文比较了不同日龄和母源抗体水平的仔猪接种高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征减毒疫苗（JXA1-R株）后的抗体平均值、抗体阳性率和变异系数等指标。结果表明,对于母源抗体水平和整齐度不高的猪群,15日龄和30日龄接种减毒疫苗的免疫效果相似;对于母源抗体水平和整齐度较高的猪群,采用30日龄进行减毒疫苗接种可以产生较好的效果。本研究结果为制定适合连云港地区的高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫程序提供了依据。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.