毒害艾美耳球虫感染对雏鸡免疫器官IL-2表达及淋巴细胞增殖能力的影响

为了探讨毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix)感染雏鸡后,其免疫器官白细胞介素(IL-2)和T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力的变化,本研究应用组织匀浆涂片和酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶(ANAE)染色及细胞培养技术和四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)测定法对E.necatrix感染雏鸡免疫器官的T淋巴细胞百分数、IL-2诱生活性、T和B淋巴细胞对C...     

雏鸡脑软化症免疫功能的研究

用人工复制VE缺乏症患病雏鸡模型 ,研究脑软化症患雏血液白细胞数 (WBC)、T淋巴细胞酸性非特异性α -醋酸荼脂酶 (ANAE )、血清IgG含量J及新城疫血凝抑制抗体滴度 (HI)的变化。结果表明 ,患雏的WBC数、T淋巴细胞ANAE 、血清IgG含量及新城疫血凝抑制抗体滴度 (HI)明显低于健康对照组雏鸡。上述结果说明 ,VE缺乏对雏鸡免疫功能有明显的抑制作用     

铝中毒对蛋鸡白细胞和红细胞免疫功能的影响

采用连续腹腔注射相同体积不同浓度梯度的三氯化铝，建立不同程度的鸡亚慢性铝中毒型，检测铝中毒雏鸡外周血白细胞数(WBC)、淋巴细胞总数、ANAE+T数及红细胞C3b受体花环率和红细胞免疫复合物花环率。结果表明，铝中毒雏鸡外周血白细胞数、淋巴细胞总数、ANAE+T数及红细胞C3b受体花环率均明显低于健康对照组雏鸡，而红细胞免疫复合物花环率明显高于健康对照组雏鸡。上述结果说明, 铝中毒对雏鸡细胞免疫和非特异性免疫功能有明显的抑制作用。     

雏鸡脑软化症细胞免疫功能变化的研究

以1日龄海兰蛋鸡为试验动物，用低VE水平且添加鱼油日粮饲喂雏鸡，复制脑软化症动物模型，研究脑软化症雏鸡血液白细胞数（WBC）、T淋巴细胞总数、T淋巴细胞酸性非特异性α-醋酸萘脂酶（ANAE+）及血清白介素-1β和白介素-2含量的变化。结果表明，患雏的WBC数、ANAE+T淋巴细胞总数、血清白介素含量均明显低于健康对照组雏鸡。结果说明，VE缺乏对雏鸡细胞免疫功能有明显的抑制作用。     

雏鸡应用益生菌后消化道黏膜组织T_(ANAE+)及CD_4~+、CD_8~+T淋巴细胞数量变化

50只艾维因雏鸡随机分成益生菌组和对照组,采用酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶(acid nonspecifica-naphthyl acetate esterase,ANAE)染色法和免疫酶组织化学法,通过盲肠扁桃体、十二指肠和回肠派伊尔结T_(ANAE+)及其CD_4~+、CD_8~+T淋巴细胞亚型数量动态变化的检测,研究益生菌应用对雏鸡消化道局部黏膜组织的细胞免疫功能的影响。结果发现,1日龄雏鸡服用益生菌后1-14 d,其盲肠扁桃体、十二指肠及回肠派伊尔结的T_(ANAE+)、CD_4~+、CD_8~+T淋巴细胞数量均不同程度地高于未服用益生菌的对照雏鸡,表明益生菌应用可促进雏鸡消化道局部黏膜免疫组织的细胞免疫功能。     

亚硝酸钠对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为了研究亚硝酸钠对小鼠免疫功能的影响,试验采用分别给小鼠灌服不同剂量(12.5 mg/g、25 mg/g和50 mg/g)亚硝酸钠的方法,对小鼠免疫器官相对重量、细胞免疫系统中白细胞、淋巴细胞和酸性α-乙酸萘酚酯酶(ANAE)染色阳性T淋巴细胞数量以及体液免疫中血清溶血素含量等指标进行研究。结果表明:与对照组相比,灌服亚硝酸钠组小鼠的免疫器官相对重量、白细胞和淋巴细胞数量、ANAE染色阳性T淋巴细胞数量及血清中溶血素含量降低,且灌服亚硝酸钠的剂量越高,差异越显著。说明亚硝酸钠对小鼠的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能有不同程度的抑制作用。     

复方中草药"毒菌杀"对禽大肠杆菌及鸡白痢沙门氏菌的体外抑菌试验

观察了复方中草药“毒菌杀”的安全性及其对禽大肠杆菌及鸡白痢沙门氏菌的体外抑菌情况。结果发现“毒菌杀”安全性高，组成“毒菌杀”的各单味中药及其合剂对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度MIC(g/mL)分别为板蓝根0．05、穿心莲0．05、黄芪0．025、黄柏0．05、柴胡0．05、生地0．05、甘草0．05、当归0．025，“毒菌杀”方剂为0．05；对沙门氏菌的MIC分别为板蓝根0．05、穿心莲0．025、黄芪0．025、黄柏0．05、柴胡0．025、生地0．05、甘草0．025、当归0．05，“毒菌杀”方剂为0．025；而牛胆汁对这两种致病菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为2％和1％。说明“毒菌杀”方剂对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌具有明显的抑制作用。     

绢蒿浸液对雏鸡免疫功能的影响

为探讨新疆石河子南山地区牧草绢蒿对雏鸡T淋巴细胞增殖与巨噬细胞吞噬活性的影响,试验采用称重法、MTT法、菌落计数法、ANAE染色法及攻毒试验分别对小鼠的体重、T淋巴细胞增殖、T淋巴细胞数量、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能及发病率进行研究。结果表明,绢蒿浸液能不同程度的提高雏鸡体重、T淋巴细胞增殖能力及T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率,降低吞噬细胞吞噬性,减少感染大肠杆菌雏鸡的发病率,提高抗感染能力。提示,绢蒿浸液对正常雏鸡具有双向免疫调节作用。     

益生菌对肉仔鸡血液ANAE+淋巴细胞及淀粉酶含量的影响

本实验观察了不同组合益生菌对肉仔鸡ANAE 淋巴细胞及血清淀粉酶和肠道淀粉酶活性的影响。三种组合益生菌在不同日龄给雏鸡免疫新城疫(Lasota系)弱毒苗,分别在1,7,14,21,28,35,49日龄测血液ANAE 淋巴细胞,血清淀粉酶,肠道淀粉酶的活性。结果显示,随着日龄的增长,实验组高于对照组,差异日趋显著。说明本实验所用的益生菌可以显著增强雏鸡血液ANAE 淋巴细胞活性和机体内淀粉酶含量。证明益生菌在一定程度上增强雏鸡的机体细胞免疫水平和消化能力。1材料与方法本试验完成了添加不同组合衣生菌对肉仔鸡ANAE 淋巴细胞、血清和肠道淀粉酶含…     

肉豆蔻酰乙醛亚硫酸钠对新城疫疫苗Clone30的免疫佐剂作用

目的:以Al(OH)3、蜂胶为阳性对照,检测肉豆蔻酰乙醛亚硫酸钠(HOU-C14)对新城疫疫苗(Clone30)的免疫佐剂活性.方法:将不同佐剂与新城疫疫苗配合制成佐剂苗注射免疫10日龄雏鸡,测定血清中特异抗体效价、淋巴细胞ANAE+百分率的变化.结果:与空白对照组相比,3种佐剂疫苗均能有效的提高ND-HI抗体效价、淋巴细胞ANAE+百分率,并且体重都正常增加;与阳性对照相比,HOU-C14的各项指标均高于Al(OH)3佐剂组、蜂胶佐剂组.结论:HOU-C14能明显地增强疫苗的免疫活性,安全性好,对雏鸡的生长无不良影响,是一种具有开发前景的新型的免疫佐剂.     

感染IBDV雏鸡血液激素水平和ANAE阳性淋巴细胞动态变化

为探讨内分泌活动及细胞免疫反应在鸡抗传染性法氏囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）感染中的调节作用机制而进行了本研究。结果表明,攻毒后１～５ｄ内,未免疫攻毒鸡（Ａ组）、免疫攻毒鸡（Ｂ组）血浆皮质酮均明显上升,而未免疫未攻毒鸡（Ｃ组）则否。Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３组血浆Ｔ４水平攻毒前后无明显变化,Ｔ３除在攻毒后第３天Ａ组明显高于Ｂ、Ｃ组外,其他时间无明显差异性变化。血液ＡＮＡＥ阳性淋巴细胞（％）在攻毒后的１～５ｄ内,Ａ组和Ｂ组明显下降,以后回升,至２８ｄ回复到攻毒前水平,并接近于Ｃ组。Ａ组的ＡＮＡＥ阳性淋巴细胞（％）与皮质酮呈显著负相关,与Ｔ３和Ｔ４无明显相关性。     

感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒SPF雏鸡局部免疫组织的免疫学变化

研究１日龄ＳＰＦ雏鸡感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒后局部免疫组织均浆涂片的免疫学变化。结果表明：雏鸡感染ＲＥＶ后其局部免疫组织中，淋巴细胞数、ＡＮＡＥ、Ｔ细胞数以及颗粒型和弥散型ＡＮＡＥ＾＋Ｔ淋巴细胞数明显低于未感染雏鸡。说明病消化道和呼吸道相关的局部免疫组织的细胞免疫呈现抑制。     

INTERACTION BETWEEN INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS AND NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN CHICKENS

The Australian strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), 002/73, affected the response of chickens to Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The titre of serum antibodies to NDV in chickens infected with IBDV was significantly lower than that of birds infected with NDV alone. It also appeared that IBDV affected NDV excretion from chickens as NDV was more frequently isolated from chickens infected with IBDV, IBDV infection did not alter the pathogenicity of NDV in chickens. This Australian strain of IBDV therefore appeared to be immunodepressive in one-day-old chickens.     

Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in chickens with infectious bursal disease

Primary and secondary immune responses to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was evaluated in chickens infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) at one and 28 days of age. The geometric mean primary hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers (GMT) of chickens infected with IBDV at one day of age was significantly lower (P less than or equal to 0.01) than those infected at 28 days of age. Infection with IBDV had no influence on secondary immune response to NDV. The effect of IBDV infection at one day of age on the cell-mediated immunity of chickens was evaluated by skin allograft acceptance or survival time. There was no significant difference between the percentage of grafts accepted in IBDV infected and noninfected control chickens. However, the mean graft survival time in the IBDV infected chickens was significantly longer (P less than or equal to 0.05) than those in the control group. This suggested a suppression of cell-mediated immunity due to IBDV infection.     

Protective immunity against infectious bursal disease virus in chickens in the absence of virus-specific antibodies

The role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was investigated. One-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens were treated with 3mg of cyclophosphamide (Cy) per chicken for 4 consecutive days and, 3 weeks later, infected with the IBDV-IM strain. Chickens were examined for: (a) mitogenic response of splenocytes to ConA, as an indicator of T-cell functions in vitro, (b) antibody against IBDV by ELISA, (c) IBDV genome in various tissues by RT-PCR and (d) immunological memory. At the time of IBDV infection, Cy-treated chickens had depleted bursal tissue (an avian primary B-cell lymphoid organ), severely compromised antibody-producing ability, but normal T-cell response to ConA. In primary infection, no detectable antibody against IBDV antigen in Cy-treated, IBDV-infected chickens was observed up to 28 days post-infection (PI), while IBDV genome was detected by RT-PCR in spleen, thymus, liver and blood until 10 days PI. Like intact control chickens infected with IBDV, Cy-treated, IBDV-infected chickens suppressed splenocytes responses to ConA from 5 to 10 days PI, suggesting that intact control as well as Cy-treated chickens responded similarly to IBDV infection in the early phase. Following re-infection with IBDV, no detectable secondary antibody response to IBDV as well as IBDV genome in tissues were observed in Cy-treated chickens, while intact control chickens developed vigorous secondary antibody response. Similar to intact control chickens infected with IBDV, Cy-treated chickens after second infection with IBDV did not suppress splenocyte response to ConA. These results suggested that in the absence of detectable anti-IBDV antibodies, protection of Cy-treated chickens from IBDV infection may occur via immunological memory mediated by CMI. We concluded that under normal conditions, IBDV induces a protective antibody response, however, in the absence of antibody, CMI alone is adequate in protecting birds against virulent IBDV.     

复方中药对蛋雏鸡感染IBDV后免疫器官的形态学影响

２００只３０日龄健康海兰蛋雏鸡随机分为四组,每组５０只。Ａ组饲料中添加复方中药,接种ＩＢＤＶ;Ｂ组饲料中添加中药,接种ＩＢＤＶ;Ｃ组不添加中药,接种ＩＢＤＶ;Ｄ组不作任何处理为对照组。在接种后７ｄ剖检、取材作石蜡切片,观察鸡免疫器官的形态学变化。结果表明,传染性ＩＢＤ野毒可使鸡免疫器官发育不良,主要导致法氏囊的淋巴细胞变性坏死,抑制免疫活性细胞的生成,导致免疫抑制;中药促进免疫器官发育及免疫活性细胞生成,提高免疫活性,调节免疫抑制,使免疫器官的组织结构保持或恢复正常水平;复方中药抗ＩＢＤＶ感染的效果优于中药。     

Single and combined infections of specific-pathogen-free chickens with infectious bursal disease virus and an intestinal isolate of reovirus

The susceptibility of 1-day-old and 7-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens to infection with a virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) or an intestinal isolate of avian reovirus, or a combination of the two, was investigated. Chickens infected with IBDV and reovirus had more severe pathological lesions than chickens infected with either virus alone, and prior infection with IBDV enhanced the pathogenicity of enteric reovirus. Virus recovery was attempted from bursa, spleen, thymus, liver, intestine, pancreas, cecal tonsils, heart, and tarso-metatarsal tendons. Viruses were recovered from all tissues sampled for either IBDV or reovirus isolation, and indications were that infection with IBDV before infection with reovirus led to longer persistence of reovirus in some tissues. Antibodies to IBDV or reovirus were measured by the virus neutralization test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chickens infected with IBDV had lower (P less than 0.05) antibody responses to reovirus than chickens infected with reovirus alone.     

传染性法氏囊病免疫保护试验中3种评定指标的比较

100只SPF鸡均分为5组，A、B、c3组免疫后攻毒，接种3批次自制的IBD基因工程重组亚单位油乳剂疫苗；D组不免疫不攻毒，E组不免疫而攻毒。免疫后第22天，感染IBDV强毒株BC-6／85。攻毒后第4天，将所有存活的鸡只以颈脱臼致死，收集法氏囊，以3种方法和指标（法氏囊眼观病变；法氏囊显微病变；法氏囊中IBDV抗原检测）进行分析，以评定免疫保护率。结果显示，以这3种方法和指标评定，A组免疫保护率为90％，B、C组免疫保护率均为95％；试验鸡A3、A14、B7、C16、E1～E20，法氏囊眼观病变明显，法氏囊显微病理损伤评分为3～5分，琼脂免疫扩散试验检测法氏囊中IBDV抗原均为阳性；其他试验鸡，法氏囊眼观无明显异常，法氏囊显微病理损伤评分在3分以下，琼脂免疫扩散试验检测法氏囊中IBDV抗原均为阴性。结果表明，这3种方法和指标在IBD疫苗免疫保护试验评定中具有很好的一致性。     

The exacerbating effect of infectious bronchitis virus infection on the infectious bursal disease virus-induced suppression of opsonization by Escherichia coil antibody in chickens

Chickens infected with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) commonly develop secondary infection of the respiratory tract with Escherichia coli, resulting in significant economic losses. To understand the host factors that may contribute to the E. coli infection, we investigated macrophage-mediated E. coli phagocytosis, intracellular bacterial killing, and development of opsonizing antibody in previously uninfected chickens and in those infected with IBV, IBDV, and IBDV plus IBV. Macrophages from the peripheral blood and the respiratory tracts of chickens infected with IBV or IBDV plus IBV efficiently performed in vitro phagocytosis of E. coli in the presence of positive-control serum (i.e., E. coli antiserum produced in normal chickens). Those macrophages also had adequate bactericidal activity, indicating that IBV and IBDV infections had not affected their phagocytic activity or bactericidal function. The phagocytic activity of macrophages remained unaffected (P < 0.05) when the positive-control serum was replaced with E. coli antiserum produced in chickens infected with IBV alone. However, when E. coli antisera raised in IBDV-infected and, especially, that produced in IBDV plus IBV-infected chickens were supplemented, the percentage of phagocytosis and number of bacteria ingested per phagocyte were significantly (P < 0.05) less. These results indicate that although IBDV alone has the potential to markedly reduce opsonizing ability of antibody, this effect is significantly (P < 0.05) exacerbated by IBV infection.