核酸斑点杂交法与ELISA在SPF鸡检测弱毒疫苗中ALV污染的应用与比较

本研究对SPF鸡检查法在检测弱毒疫苗中低剂量禽白血病病毒(ALV)污染时的核酸斑点杂交法和ELISA进行了比较。分别以10 TCID_(50)/羽份和5 TCID50/羽份ALV-A人为污染一批商品化新城疫(ND)活疫苗,将污染ND疫苗各接种10只SPF鸡,以ELISA定期检测ALV抗体并利用PCR结合核酸斑点杂交法检测血液中ALV核酸。结果显示,在免疫污染疫苗后连续3周内ALV抗体全部为阴性,而核酸斑点杂交法检测表明自免疫后两周开始就出现ALV阳性。结果提示在利用经典的SPF鸡检查法检测弱毒疫苗中ALV污染时,结合对病原核酸的检测有助于节省检测时间和降低漏检率。     

鸡马立克病活疫苗中污染禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒检测方法的建立

为建立鸡马立克病(MD)活疫苗中污染禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)的间接免疫荧光检测方法,本研究通过向MD活疫苗中添加不同剂量的REV,用拟定的方法对样品检测REV。结果表明,Ⅰ型MD活疫苗、火鸡疱疹病毒活疫苗(Fc-126株)和MD二价活疫苗(HVT+CVI988株)中污染REV的最低检出量分别为每500羽份疫苗中污染5TCID50、10TCID50和15TCID50的REV。应用建立的方法对国内10家企业生产的43批MD活疫苗进行了检验,结果显示,2个企业生产的4批疫苗REV检测阳性。随机选取了5批IFA检测阴性样品和4批IFA检测阳性样品,按鸡检查法进行外源病毒检验,结果两种方法对REV污染检验结果的符合率为100%。因此,本研究建立的IFA法可替代鸡检查法,用于疫苗中REV污染的检验。     

鸡胚中人工感染网状内皮增殖病病毒的检测

为了模仿禽网状内皮增生病毒(REV)垂直感染鸡胚,在1和3日龄的发育SPF鸡胚人工接种不同剂量的REV,并继续孵化至12日龄.在将发育鸡胚制成成纤维细胞单层后,再用抗REV单克隆抗体11B118作间接荧光抗体反应检测REV.结果表明,从所有人工感染REV的鸡胚12日龄制备的成纤维细胞中均能在培养48h检测出REV.该方法可用于检测生产弱毒疫苗的SPF鸡胚及其相应细胞有无REV的污染.     

鸡传染性贫血病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ法荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及其在疫苗污染检测中的应用

为了更快速而灵敏地检测禽弱毒疫苗中可能存在的鸡传染性贫血病毒(Chicken infectious anemia virus,CIAV)污染,根据CIAV基因组保守区域VP2部分基因设计和合成了1对特异性引物,通过优化反应条件建立了快速检测CIAV的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR方法。结果显示,建立的检测方法灵敏度可达6.36 copies/μL,是常规PCR灵敏度的1000倍。该方法与禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒(Reticuloendotheliosis virus,REV)、禽白血病病毒(Avian leukemia virus,ALV)、鸡马立克氏病病毒(Mareks disease virus,MDV)等均无交叉反应,特异性良好;批内和批间重复试验显示变异系数均小于2.5%,呈现良好的可重复性。在模拟试验中,建立的SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR能够检测到1000羽份弱毒疫苗中1个EID50的低剂量污染,应用该方法从送检的14种(批)商品化禽用弱毒疫苗中检测到2份为CIAV阳性,阳性样品按照经典的SPF鸡检查法进行检测也为CIAV阳性。因此,本研究建立的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR检测方法灵敏度高,特异性强,重复性好,适合用于疫苗中CIAV污染的检验。     

鸡病毒性关节炎活疫苗对 SPF 鸡攻毒保护实验研究

本研究分别测定了两种病毒性关节炎活疫苗ZJS株和S1133株的TCID50。其中ZJS疫苗株的TCID50为104.5TCID50/羽份,S1133疫苗株的TCID50为103.5TCID50/羽份。通过进一步的攻毒保护实验,证实ZJS疫苗株对SPF鸡的临床保护力明显优于S1133疫苗株。     

经鸡胚感染的ALV-J对新城疫弱毒疫苗免疫的抑制作用及疫苗株对病毒载量的影响

为了解经鸡胚感染携带J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)的雏鸡体内ALV-J对新城疫(ND)弱毒疫苗(La Sota株)免疫的抑制作用以及疫苗免疫后增强ALV-J对雏鸡致病作用的可能性,随机选择50个SPF鸡胚经卵黄囊接种模拟ALV-J感染,同时选取等量SPF鸡胚以相同方式接种PBS作为对照。出雏后于接毒组和对照组各取20只SPF鸡在7日龄时免疫ND弱毒疫苗(La Sota株)。2～6周龄时,记录各组鸡的体重和免疫器官指数,并对雏鸡的NDV抗体水平和血液ALV-J病毒载量进行动态检测。结果显示,感染ALV-J的SPF鸡5、6周龄时体重显著低于PBS对照组(P0.05),而感染ALV-J再免疫新城疫弱毒疫苗后SPF鸡体重进一步降低(P0.05);与PBS对照组相比,6周龄时感染ALV-J的SPF雏鸡胸腺萎缩和脾脏肿大(P0.05),免疫新城疫弱毒疫苗后胸腺和脾脏损伤加剧(P0.05);3、4周龄时感染ALV-J再免疫ND弱毒疫苗组的雏鸡NDV抗体水平极显著低于仅免疫ND弱毒疫苗组(P0.01);4周龄时免疫弱毒疫苗后的SPF鸡血液中ALV-J病毒载量高于未免疫组(P0.01)。研究表明,感染ALV-J的雏鸡在免疫ND弱毒疫苗(La Sota株)后增强了ALV-J对SPF雏鸡的致病作用,提示净化种源的重要性。     

禽网状内皮增生病病毒对不同日龄SPF鸡的致病性比较

本研究拟通过禽网状内皮增生病病毒(REV)分子克隆化病毒REV-C99株对1、8日龄SPF鸡的致病性比较,探讨REV的致病性与感染日龄的关系。在1、8日龄SPF鸡,分别腹腔注射REV-C99株1000个TCID50.只-1,以新城疫病毒(NDV)灭活疫苗免疫后HI抗体滴度的测定结果为指标,比较了REV对不同日龄SPF鸡的致病性。结果表明,与对照组相比,1日龄SPF鸡感染REV后,即使经过NDV灭活疫苗的二次、三次免疫,对NDV的HI抗体滴度仍然差异显著(P0.05);而8日龄SPF鸡感染REV后则随着感染时间的延长以及NDV灭活疫苗的二次、三次免疫,对NDV的HI抗体滴度差异不显著(P0.05)。本研究表明,REV感染1日龄SPF鸡可显著抑制对NDV灭活疫苗免疫后的体液免疫反应,并且这种免疫抑制作用可持续至4个月;而8日龄SPF鸡感染REV后更多表现为一过性的致病作用。显然,REV的致病性对雏鸡感染日龄具有很强的依赖性,从而揭示出控制REV早期感染的重要性并具有现实意义。     

病毒样颗粒疫苗可能用于控制鸡新城疫

正韩国建国大学的科研人员应用昆虫细胞表达系统研制出表达新城疫病毒(NDV)F蛋白和流感病毒M1蛋白的NDV病毒样颗粒(VLP)。SPF鸡分别免疫含不同剂量VLP(0.8、4、20、100μg/mL)的NDV VLP油乳剂疫苗。免疫3周后,应用商品化ELISA试剂盒检测NDV VLP疫苗的免疫力;同时用NDV强毒株进行攻毒试验以评估NDV VLP疫苗对SPF鸡的保护效果。结果显示,NDV VLP疫苗免疫后可产生大量抗NDV的抗体,且SPF鸡对NDV强毒株的抵抗力与NDV VLP疫苗免疫剂量相关。尽管含0.8、4μg/mL VLP的NDV VLP疫苗不能     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒超强株VP2基因重组新城疫病毒胚胎免疫安全性及效力试验

为研制能够同时预防传染性法氏囊病(IBD)和新城疫(ND)的疫苗,本研究选用表达IBD病毒(IBDV)超强毒株(vvIBDV)VP2基因的重组ND病毒(NDV)LaSota疫苗株(rL-VP2),测定其半数鸡胚感染量、平均鸡胚致死时间、脑内接种指数和静脉内致病指数等指标,按不同剂量接种18胚龄SPF鸡胚,分别于出雏后第9d、第14d和第21d采血,用微量凝集法和ELISA方法测定血清中抗NDV抗体和抗IBDV抗体水平,并于出雏后28d用NDV强毒(F48E9株)和vvIBDVGx株攻毒,评估重组疫苗的胚胎免疫效果。结果显示:按104EID50/枚剂量进行免疫不会影响SPF鸡胚出雏率和出雏后21d存活率,并且该免疫组雏鸡能够对NDV强毒和vvIBDV攻毒提供安全的免疫保护。     

囊素对鸡传染性法氏囊病弱毒苗免疫的影响

为了研究囊素对鸡传染性法氏囊弱毒苗免疫效果的影响,将囊素按不同剂量与法氏囊弱毒苗混合滴鼻接种雏鸡。对接种后7,14,21和51日龄的鸡进行抗体琼扩效价检测、抗体转阳率检测和囊指数测定。结果显示:中等剂量(10μg/羽)囊素添加的鸡传染性法氏囊弱毒疫苗组抗体效价产生和持续时间高于其他剂量组和疫苗对照组(低毒力),囊指数值也高于其他组;鸡传染性法氏囊弱毒疫苗(中等毒力)接种试验鸡,能长时间维持较高抗体,但对鸡的法氏囊损伤较大。试验证明,适当剂量的囊素对鸡传染性法氏囊弱毒疫苗具有免疫增强作用和减少法氏囊损伤作用。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.