使用不同佐剂去势疫苗免疫效果的比较

分别应用明矾、氢氧化铝和弗氏佐剂的去势疫苗免疫 SD大鼠 ,检测大鼠 LHRH抗体效价、睾酮水平、观察睾丸肉眼及组织学变化 ,以及精子数量、畸形率的变化 ,确定去势疫苗的效果。结果表明明矾、氢氧化铝和弗氏佐剂组均能够较好的诱导大鼠产生 L HRH抗体 ,引起睾酮明显降低。三个免疫组与阴性对照组相比 ,都能使大鼠明显增重 ,并起到萎缩性腺的作用     

新剂型兔瘟疫苗的研究

经血凝抑制和攻毒试验结果表明，在含有相同抗原量制备的疫苗，兔瘟油乳剂灭活疫苗比兔瘟组织灭活苗免疫后血清ＨＩ抗体效价高３．２５￣６．０ｌｏｇ２，即使油乳剂灭活疫苗仅为组织灭活苗四分之一的抗原量，免疫后血清ＨＩ抗体效价还高１ｌｏｇ２。油乳剂灭活苗免疫兔第５０天其血清ＨＩ抗体未见下降，而组织灭活苗免疫后第２６天已开始下降。虽然接种二种剂型的疫苗攻毒后均具有１００％的保护率，但血清ＨＩ抗体效价消长情况证明     

去势同时注射猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗预防猪瘟

为了解决生猪防疫抓猪的麻烦,我们从1977年开始,按照当地对45～60日龄仔猪去势的习惯,在去势的同时注射猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗。通过试验证明,45日龄去势同时注射猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗的猪,分别在免疫后3个月(3只猪)、7个月(3只猪)和10个月(2只猪)攻击石门系强毒,均获100％保护;去势同时注苗的猪与不去势注苗的对照猪产生的中和抗体效价相同(1∶128)。说明去势对抗体的产生没有影响。 10年来,全县共采用本方法免疫仔猪2610000余头。目前已有13个县、区推广这一方法,免疫仔猪3000多万头次。实践证明,此方法安全可靠,效果确实,节省时间,深受群众欢迎。     

畜禽净(LHRH)去势鸡的肉质和血清学的检测

本文选用200羽30日龄永安麻鸡作畜禽疫苗去势试验，试验组鸡每羽注射0．5ml畜禽净(LHRH)疫苗。试验表明：经畜禽净肌注去势的麻鸡，有明显的去势作用并且提高鸡肉品质。而且血清学检测结果说明：该免疫去势疫苗对鸡的血清学无明显影响。     

酒糟益生菌发酵饲料和LHRH试剂对猪的去势、生长及猪肉品质的影响

应用酒糟益生茵发酵饲料喂猪和LHRH试剂去势,经二批次试验,结果说明对生猪确实能够起到去势、提高饲料营养、促进生猪生长、降低生猪料肉比和粪便臭味、提高猪肉品质的效果。     

LHRH试剂对猪的去势、猪肉品质和血清学的影响

本文讨论LHRH试剂对养殖猪的影响，实验表明应用该试剂作猪药物去势能明显提高猪肉品质，对小公猪无明显的血清学改变和其它副作用，但出现去势现象。     

猪流行性腹泻和传染性胃肠炎弱毒二联疫苗免疫抗体应答的研究

用猪流行性腹泻（PED）和传染性胃肠炎（TGE）弱毒二联疫苗（下称二联苗）免疫PED和TGE抗体阴性的妊娠母猪，仔猪出生后第7、14、21和28d抽取仔猪血样用微量血清中和试验检测血清抗体。结果，免疫母猪所产仔猪通过哺乳获得了相当高的血清抗体，在出生后第7d时接近母体的中和抗体水平，并随日龄增大而下降。二联苗免疫母猪所生仔猪和相同株的PED、TGE疫苗株免疫母猪所生仔猪的血清抗体变化基本相似。用二联苗免疫PED和TGE抗体阴性的10日龄仔猪，并于免疫后以7d的间隔（1月龄内）或半月（1月龄后）间隔采取血样进行血清抗体检测。结果，用二联苗免疫抗体阴性的10日龄仔猪，抗体在免疫后第21d（TGE）或第28d（PED）达到最高值，但抗体下降缓慢，在免疫后第5月，免疫猪血清中仍能检测出抗体。相同弱毒株的PED和TGE疫苗免疫组的结果与之基本相同。提示，PED和TGE弱毒株联合免疫在诱导妊娠母猪和小猪产生抗体以及母猪产后向哺乳仔猪传递抗体方面未见有相互影响的现象。     

牛魏氏梭菌浓缩氢氧化铝灭活苗的制备及其免疫兔的抗体动态变化研究

将牛源魏氏梭菌磐石、双阳、德惠菌株作为生产菌苗株,制备浓缩甲醛氢氧化铝灭活苗,该苗安全性好,免疫后３０天以２个致死量强毒攻击,可获１００％保护,免疫后２００天以同样剂量攻击仍可获９０％保护。经氢氧化铝与蜂胶佐剂对比试验,氢氧化铝佐剂比蜂胶佐剂免疫效果好。抗体动态试验表明,免疫后３０～５０天,菌体抗体和毒素抗体均达最高峰。用兔血清进行中和试验表明,免疫后３０天兔血清能中和８（ＭＬＤ）毒素,小鼠全部存活。     

甘南牦牛口蹄疫O型、AsiaⅠ型二价灭活苗免疫效果分析

为了解口蹄疫O型、AsiaⅠ型二价灭活苗对甘南牦牛的免疫保护情况,试验应用ELISA方法对30头牦牛不同免疫阶段的血清进行了抗体监测。结果表明:除免疫前口蹄疫O型、AsiaⅠ型二价灭活苗产生的抗体水平较低外,在一免后30天和二免后30,90,150天均能达到群体免疫保护水平,且在二免30天时最高,持续2~3个月后有下降趋势,在免疫5个月后下降至70.00%左右,但仍具有保护力。说明用甘南牦牛口蹄疫O型、AsiaⅠ型二价灭活苗免疫牦牛产生的抗体水平符合国家规定的要求,且能维持较高水平,免疫效果良好。     

基因Ⅰ型猪乙型脑炎灭活疫苗免疫原性评价

为了评估猪基因Ⅰ型乙型脑炎病毒YA1株、CZ株灭活疫苗的免疫原性,通过将YA1株、CZ株乙脑病毒分别在乳鼠脑内连续传代,获得了高病毒含量的鼠脑病毒液。将佐剂ISA206分别与灭活的YA1株、CZ株乙脑病毒液混合,制备成鼠脑灭活苗。将YA1株、CZ株鼠脑灭活苗以及HW1株商品化鼠脑灭活苗分别免疫接种小鼠、豚鼠、仔猪,采用间接ELISA试验、血凝抑制试验、病毒中和试验以及攻毒保护试验分别检测IgG抗体、血凝抑制抗体、中和抗体的的产生情况以及疫苗对小鼠的攻毒保护率。结果显示YA1株、CZ株灭活苗在小鼠和仔猪上产生的IgG抗体、在豚鼠上产生的血凝抑制抗体、在仔猪上产生的中和抗体以及对小鼠的攻毒保护率均高于HW1株。结果表明乙脑病毒YA1株、CZ株灭活苗的免疫原性优于HW1株,其中CZ株灭活苗的免疫原性最优。     

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone fusion protein vaccines block estrous cycle activity in beef heifers

Two LHRH fusion proteins, thioredoxin and ovalbumin, each containing seven LHRH inserts were tested for their ability to inhibit estrous cycle activity. The objective was to evaluate immune and biological responses from alternating the two fusion proteins in an immunization schedule. One hundred ten heifers were divided equally into 11 groups. Two control groups consisted of either spayed or intact, untreated heifers. Heifers in the other nine groups were immunized on wk 0, 4, and 9. Treatments were immunizations of the same protein throughout or alternating the proteins in different booster sequences. Blood was collected weekly for 22 wk, and serum was assayed for concentrations of progesterone and titers of anti-LHRH. At slaughter, reproductive tracts were removed from each heifer and weighed. Heifers with >or=1 ng/mL of progesterone were considered to have a functional corpus luteum and thus to have estrous cycle activity. All LHRH-immunized groups of heifers had a smaller (P < 0.05) proportion of heifers showing estrous cycle activity after 6 wk than the intact, untreated control group. There was no difference in number of heifers cycling between the immunized groups and the spayed heifers during wk 9 to 22. Anti-LHRH did not differ among immunized groups during wk 1 to 9. Starting at wk 10 and continuing through the conclusion of the study, there was an overall difference among treatment groups for anti-LHRH (P < 0.05). Uterine weights differed among treatments (P < 0.05), with intact control animals having heavier uteri than all other groups (P < 0.05). Uterine weights were negatively correlated with maximum LHRH antibody binding (r = -0.44). In summary, the LHRH fusion proteins were as effective as surgical spaying in suppression of estrous cycle activity, but alternating the two proteins in an immunization schedule did not enhance the immunological or biological effectiveness of the vaccine.     

小鼠对温和气单胞菌口服缓释微球疫苗的免疫应答

采用中华鳖温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria,As)Z-1株灭活全菌液,以生物降解性高分子材料为载体,制成微球疫苗,口服免疫ICR小鼠,测定了血清中凝集抗体效价、血液中单核-巨噬细胞的吞噬活性以及对活菌攻击的免疫保护力.结果显示小鼠微球疫苗口服免疫后第4周,血清中凝集抗体效价和血液中单核-巨噬细胞的吞噬指数均可达到与灭活菌液注射组相当的水平(P＞0.05),明显高于灭活菌液口服组(P＜0.01);免疫后第7～12周,微球疫苗口服组血清凝集抗体效价显著高于灭活菌液注射组(P＜0.05);微球疫苗口服组和灭活菌液注射组的免疫保护力均为87.5%,而灭活菌液口服组不能提供有效的保护,与对照组死亡率相同(100%).结论认为,中华鳖气单胞菌口服微球疫苗具有缓释作用;以可生物降解的微球作为中华鳖气单胞菌口服疫苗的载体系统具有潜在的优势.     

猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒不同佐剂灭活疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠的比较试验

用血凝/血凝抑制试验（HA/HI）检测自制的猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒（HEV）氢氧化铝胶灭活苗和蜂胶佐剂灭活苗免疫BALB/c小鼠后的抗体效价,依据小鼠抗体效价比较不同免疫佐剂的效果。结果表明,用氢氧化铝胶佐剂配制的疫苗可刺激接种动物产生快速免疫应答反应,抗体产生效价高、维持时间长,其效果优于其它佐剂,有望成为HEV灭活疫苗的候选佐剂。     

中华鳖对温和气单胞菌口服微球缓释疫苗的免疫应答

以中华鳖温和气单胞菌 (Aeromonas sobria,As) Z- 1株灭活全菌液 ,采用生物降解性高分子材料制成缓释微球疫苗 ,口服免疫中华鳖 ,测定血清中凝集抗体、血液中白细胞杀菌率以及对活菌攻击的免疫保护率。结果表明 ,中华鳖口服微球疫苗 ,其血清中凝集抗体效价和血液中白细胞杀菌百分率均可达到灭活菌液注射组相当的水平 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;微球疫苗口服组和灭活菌液注射组的免疫保护率分别为 94 .7%和 89.5 % ,两者差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而对照组小鼠 95 %死亡。采用可生物降解微球作为中华鳖气单胞菌口服疫苗的载体系统是可行的。     

Development and validation of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the detection of immunoglobulin G of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).

Antibodies directed against species-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) have a broad range of applications in serologic and immunologic research and in the development of clinical assays. Validated anti-IgG antibodies for marine mammal species are in short supply. The objective of this study was to produce and validate antibodies with specificity for IgG of the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Bottlenose dolphin IgG was purified using protein G. Two mouse monoclonal antibodies and a rabbit polyclonal antibody were developed from mice and rabbits immunized with bottlenose dolphin IgG. The specificity of the monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal antibody for bottlenose dolphin IgG was first verified by Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For further validation, both monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal antibody were incorporated in an indirect ELISA for the detection of the immune response of bottlenose dolphins to a vaccine antigen. Three bottlenose dolphins were immunized with a commercial Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae vaccine, and serial blood samples were collected from all dolphins for measurement of levels of circulating antibodies. Seroconversion was observed in all 3 dolphins by use of both monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal antibody. Circulating antibodies were detectable as early as 6 days after immunization in 1 dolphin. Peak antibody levels were detected 14 days after the immunization. The ability to detect seroconversion in all 3 immunized bottlenose dolphins firmly establishes the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal antibody for IgG of the common bottlenose dolphin.     

表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白的重组乳酸菌口服免疫小鼠特异性免疫应答分析

将表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌pNZ8112-Sa/NZ9000经口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,在免疫后的不同时间收集免疫鼠粪便样品,断尾采血收集血液样品并分离血清,用间接ELISA技术检测血清中的IgG抗体及血清和粪便中的IgA抗体的动态产生规律;在加强免疫后流式细胞仪检测分析外周血T细胞的变化情况及无菌收集免疫鼠的肠黏液,经中和试验检测其抗体的中和能力。结果表明重组菌株口服免疫小鼠后血清中的IgG和IgA抗体产生能力由于非特异性干扰不能确定,外周血中T细胞百分数在实验组和对照组间变化不显著;粪便中的IgA抗体水平产生效果明显;黏液的抗体具有一定的中和能力,其效价检测结果为1:36。     

Host immune responses after administration of inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus vaccines—III. Kinetics for neutralizing antibody immunoglobulin class responses in donors and adoptively-immunized recipients

C57B16 mice were immunized with either live, attenuated TC-83 strain VEE virus vaccine or formalin-inactivated VEE vaccine combined with Bordetella pertussis. The kinetics of specific donor and adoptively-immunized recipient anti-VEE neutralizing antibody responses were studied. Donor mice immunized with either live or inactivated VEE virus vaccine combined with potent adjuvants develop specific anti-VEE IgM and IgG responses as early as 7 days post-immunization. Anti-VEE IgM antibody responses comprise the majority of anti-VEE neutralizing antibody at this early time period. By 14 to 21 days post-immunization, anti-VEE IgG responses predominated. When adoptively-immunized recipients were studied, the anti-VEE IgM to IgG predominance seen in donors early after administration was reversed, and for each time-period studied, recipients' serum anti-VEE antibody class responses consisted principally of IgG rather than IgM antibody. Since T-cells cooperation with B-cells is critical in the IgM-IgG antibody shift, these studies support the critical role T-cells exert in adoptive transfer in a murine model of experimental VEE infection. Furthermore, immunization with either live or inactivated VEE vaccine coupled to a potent adjuvant induce comparable donor and adoptively-immunized recipient anti-VEE antibody class responses.     

Endocrine,growth, and carcass characteristics of bulls immunized against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone fusion proteins

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a LHRH fusion protein vaccine on endocrine changes, feedlot performance, and carcass quality of bulls compared with steers and hormone-implanted steers. Crossbred bulls (n = 30; mean weight, 179 +/- 4 kg; mean age, 130 +/- 2 d) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: 1) castrated (castrated; n = 10); 2) castrated-implanted with trenbolone acetate (implanted; n = 10); and 3) immunized against a cocktail of recombinant fusion proteins, ovalbumin-LHRH-7 and thioredoxin-LHRH-7 (immunized bulls; n = 10). Blood was collected every 2 wk to evaluate antibody and hormone concentrations. Serum LHRH antibodies (P < 0.001) were detected in animals of the immunized group, which had reduced serum LH concentrations (P < 0.001) compared with the castrated groups and serum FSH concentrations, which did not decrease but were significantly different when compared with castrated and implanted animals. Serum testosterone concentrations in the immunized bulls were not different from the two castrated groups (P > 0.05) by d 60 after primary immunization. Initial mean scrotal circumference of the immunized bulls was 18.0 +/- 0.6 cm on d 0 and increased to 22.6 +/- 1.3 cm by d 310. No differences (P > 0.05) in ADG were observed among treatment groups. Immunized animals had an intermediate BW gain (P > 0.05) when compared with the castrates, whereas the castrated groups differed (P < 0.05) from each other. Carcass characteristics were similar (P < 0.05) among the three groups. Vaccinating bulls against a LHRH fusion protein cocktail suppressed LH and testosterone, which led to reduced testicular development and no bullock carcasses. Growth and carcass characteristics of the immunized animals were similar to the steers.     

Antigen Epitope Peptides and Immunogenicity Analysis of E. coli O157: H7 Ivy Protein

To evaluate the feasibility of synthetic polypeptides O157:H7 Ivy146-157 as a vaccine antigen, a bioinformatics method was employed to analyze the secondary structures, hydrophilicity plot, flexibility plot, surface probability plot and antigenic index of the Ivy. A B-cell epitope peptide sequence was identified and synthesized. BALB/c mice were immunized with Ivy146-157, antibody titers and splenic lymphocytes proliferations in mice were tested. The results showed that the antibody titers were 1:6 400 after immunized mice three times. And the native Ivy protein of O157:H7 R14 strain was identified by polyclone antibody Ivy146-157. The MTT assay results indicated the splenic lyphocytes were increased after immunized polypeptides Ivy146-157, and had significant difference with the control group (P<0.05). These results indicated that polypeptides Ivy146-157 could induce a strong humoral and celluar immune respond, and it would provide a theory as a vaccine antigen for further researches.