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1.
为了建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中18种喹诺酮类药物的分析方法,以0.1%乙酸乙腈提取饲料样品中的待测物,HLB柱净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,氘代同位素内标法定量。18种喹诺酮类药物在线性范围为0~1.0 mg/L,线性关系良好,相关系数分别在0.9989~0.9999之间,方法的检测限为0.005~0.2 mg/kg。在不同饲料中添加浓度范围为0.1~5.0 mg/kg,平均回收率为43.0%~101%,相对标准偏差小于11.2%。结果表明,该方法灵敏、高效、抗干扰力强,适用于饲料中的18种喹诺酮类药物的测定。  相似文献   

2.
贾涛 《饲料研究》2014,(11):77-80
应用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测饲料中的氟喹诺酮类药物,用含1%甲酸的甲醇提取饲料中的氟喹诺酮类药物,HLB固相萃取柱净化,0.22μm滤膜过滤后用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,基质匹配标准曲线校正,外标法定量。检测限可达到0.1 mg/kg,定量限可达到0.5 mg/kg,能很好的满足检测要求。各种饲料中氟喹诺酮类药物的平均回收率均可达70%~120%;日内变异系数范围均小于15%,日间变异系数均小于15%,方法回收率高,精密度好。从方法的线性、灵敏度、准确度和精密度等方面进行试验与考察,证明试验方法设计合理,实用有效,检测方法中样品处理相对较简单,所用时间较短,适用于饲料的范围比较广泛。  相似文献   

3.
为建立同时测定饲料中5种喹诺酮类和4种四环素类药物含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC/MS/MS)分析方法,本实验采用1%甲酸甲醇溶液作为样品的提取溶液,经HLB固相萃取柱净化后上机测定。在正离子模式下通过两对离子对进行定性和定量分析,基质匹配标准溶液外标法校准。结果显示:各药物浓度在2.5 ~ 50 μg/L内线性关系良好,相关系数r均大于0.995|空白饲料添加浓度为0.05、0.1、0.25 mg/kg时,回收率为74.7% ~ 93.2%|批内、批间相对偏差(RSD)均小于15%|本方法对饲料中喹诺酮类和四环素类药物的定量限为0.05 mg/kg(S/N>10),检测限为0.025 mg/kg(S/N>3)。 [关键词] 喹诺酮类|四环素类|饲料|超高效液相色谱-串联质谱  相似文献   

4.
建立了同时测定蜂蜜和蜂王浆中20种喹诺酮类药物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。以磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 3.0)溶液提取样品中的待测物,HLB固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。药物在1~50 ng/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99。方法的检出限为0.5μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg,在蜂蜜和蜂王浆中添加浓度范围为1.0~5.0μg/kg,其平均回收率为69.0%~105.1%,相对标准偏差在1.4%~14.7%之间。方法抗干扰能力强、分析速度快、灵敏度高,适用于蜂产品中喹诺酮类药物残留量的测定。  相似文献   

5.
建立了鸡肉中金刚烷胺和8种氟喹诺酮类药物的超高效液相色谱串联质谱的测定方法。鸡肉样品经QuEChERS萃取剂提取,QuEChERS净化剂净化后,经氮气流吹干浓缩后,以超高效液相色谱串联质谱测定,稳定同位素内标法定量。本方法对金刚烷胺的测定线性范围为0.2~10.0 ?g/kg。在0.2、1.0、10.0 ?g/kg三个浓度的回收率为80~120 %。本方法对氟喹诺酮类药物的测定线性范围为2~100 ?g/kg。在2、10、100 ?g/kg三个浓度的回收率为80~120 %。批内、批间精密度小于20 %。本方法简便、快速、灵敏,适用于鸡肉中金刚烷胺和氟喹诺酮类药物残留的大批量筛选和定量测定。  相似文献   

6.
建立了同时测定饲料中21种磺胺类药物和13种喹诺酮类药物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。以2%氨水乙腈和0.1 mol/L 氢氧化钠溶液提取样品中的待测物,HLB固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。药物在1~50 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99。方法的检出限为0.05 mg/kg,定量限为0.10 mg/kg,在不同饲料中添加浓度范围为0.1~100 mg/kg,平均回收率为60.6%~118.6%,相对标准偏差在1.9%~15.2%之间。本方法抗干扰能力强、分析速度快、灵敏度高,适用于饲料中磺胺类和喹诺酮类药物的测定。  相似文献   

7.
本研究旨在建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定饲料中6种多肽类抗生素的分析方法。样品用0.1 mol/L盐酸水溶液/乙腈(3:7,V/V)作为提取液提取,经PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,在电喷雾电离正离子模式下使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明:恩拉霉素A和B、杆菌肽A和B在质量浓度为5 ~ 200 μg/L内,维吉尼亚霉素M1和S1在质量浓度为2.5 ~ 100 μg/L内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0.9985 ~ 0.9991。6种多肽类抗生素在添加浓度0.025 ~ 1.0 mg/kg内,平均回收率为83.2% ~ 112.1%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)小于7.8%,方法的定量限为0.025 ~ 0.05 mg/kg。该方法快速简便、准确可信、灵敏度高,适合饲料中多肽类抗生素的检测。 [关键词] 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法|PRiME HLB固相萃取柱|饲料|多肽类抗生素  相似文献   

8.
超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)检测猪肉中克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇3种β-受体激动剂残留方法.选用盐酸葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶水解,混合型阳离子交换固相萃取净化,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液-甲醇为流动相,超高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测,在1.0、5.0、10μg/kg浓度添加水平,空白肌肉组织中3种药物添加平均回收率范围84~95%,标准偏差3.6~8.1%.该方法检测限为0.1μg/kg,定量限为0.3μg/kg,具有准确敏感特性.  相似文献   

9.
本试验建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱同时测定饲料中7种喹诺酮类药物残留的方法。饲料样品中喹诺酮药物经酸化乙腈提取,电喷雾离子源三重四级杆串联质谱对喹诺酮类药物进行测定,外标法定量。试验结果表明,7种喹诺酮药物在0~500 ng/m L的浓度范围内,其回归标准曲线方程的相关系数为0.997 4~0.999 7。对空白饲料添加5、50、100μg/kg 3种浓度的喹诺酮类药物,回收率在74.7%~92.3%范围内,相对标准偏差为3.99%~8.29%,方法检出限为2μg/kg以下。说明该方法操作简单快速,定性定量准确。  相似文献   

10.
本试验建立了生鲜牛乳中8种氟喹诺酮类药物的超高效液相色谱串联质谱的测定方法。生鲜牛乳经QuEChERS萃取剂提取,QuEChERS净化剂净化后,经氮气流吹干浓缩后,以超高效液相色谱串联质谱测定,稳定同位素内标法定量。本方法对氟喹诺酮类药物的测定线性范围为2.0~100 μg/kg。在2.0、10、100 μg/kg低、中、高3个浓度的回收率为80%~120%。批内、批间精密度小于20%。本方法简便、快速、灵敏,适用于生鲜牛乳中氟喹诺酮类药物残留的大批量筛选和定量测定。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

13.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.  相似文献   

17.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

18.
The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.  相似文献   

19.
Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.  相似文献   

20.
不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。  相似文献   

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