宣威市建立病死畜禽无害化处理机制探析

病死畜禽无害化处理是一个复杂的系统工程,属于公益性服务项目,对畜禽养殖、环境及公共卫生等领域保护意义重大。宣威市病死畜禽无害化处理存在无害化处理系统不健全、配套保障政策不完善、基层监管力量薄弱、无害化处理不规范等问题。建议完善无害化处理体系建设、完善配套保障政策、加强基层监管队伍建设、加强组织领导、明确主体、落实责任、强化宣传与培训、规范病死畜禽无害化处理,严厉打击违法犯罪行为。     

对病死畜禽无害化处理方式的研究——以湖南省洞口县为例

介绍了湖南省邵阳市洞口县病死畜禽以焚烧炉焚烧方式处理并围绕该项技术建立的病死畜禽无害化处理体系,涉及工作目标、无害处理收集中心建设、收集处理监管、财政补助办法等,讨论了建设大型病死畜禽焚化处理厂的注意要点,包括合理计算养殖区域病死畜禽当量、项目可行性研究,分点收集、密闭运输、集中处理,加强过程管理,依法监督等,提出了完善除生猪外其他病死畜禽无害化处理补贴的政策建议。     

云南省巍山县病死畜禽收集管理的经验做法

为推进云南省基层的病死畜禽无害化体系建设,规范做好病死动物无害化处理和资源化利用工作,总结了巍山县病死畜禽收集管理工作的经验做法：以大理州政府为主导,多部门积极推动;整合资源,多措并举筹集资金;与保险联动,落实监管责任;因地制宜开展病死畜禽集中收集处理工作。同时指出实践中存在养殖户法律意识淡薄,收集点覆盖面窄,无害化处理率不高,配套政策不完善等短板和问题;继而提出了强化收集点建设和运营保障,落实配套支持政策,强化农户宣传引导,联合执法监管等建议。     

湖南长沙市病死畜禽无害化处理监管分析

为做好病死畜禽无害化处理工作,长沙市全面开展动物无害化处理体系建设,加强信息化监管平台建设,积极推动地方立法,严厉打击违法行为,探索建立病死动物无害化处理长效监管机制。本文通过概述长沙市病死畜禽无害化处理工作现状,分析了长沙市现有动物无害化处理体系建设情况,包括动物无害化处理中心、收集转运中心、收集暂存点和无害化处理点等。指出了当前存在的监管难度大,养殖保险未全覆盖,补助机制不完善,相关法律法规不健全等问题,由此提出加大财政支持力度,实现养殖保险全覆盖,完善无害化处理补助机制,推动出台相关法律法规,厘清责任分工等思考建议。     

关于乳山市病死畜禽无害化处理长效机制建设情况的调研

<正>近几年来,我国部分地区发生了多起病死畜禽非法流入市场和乱扔乱弃事件,引起了社会各界对病死畜禽无害化处理问题的高度重视。乳山市以建设病死畜禽无害化处理厂为抓手,配套建设病死畜禽无害化处理收集体系,初步建立起了病死畜禽无害化处理长效机制。1乳山市病死畜禽无害化处理长效机制建设基本情况     

河南省病死畜禽无害化集中处理体系建设实践

病死畜禽无害化处理工作事关养殖业安全、公共卫生安全和生态环境安全。河南省2013年实施病死畜禽无害化集中处理体系建设以来,已建成病死畜禽无害化集中处理场100个,日均处理能力1350t,病死畜禽收集点1990个,在政策扶持、机制创新、资金支持、执法监督等方面积累了丰富经验,创设了病死猪无害化处理与保险勘查理赔相挂钩的联动机制——“河南模式”,但也存在体系规划不合理、建设标准不高、政策不完善等问题。本文结合实际,提出制定法律法规、完善扶持政策、加强科技研发、加强宣传引导等建议,以期为深入推进病死畜禽无害化集中处理体系建设提供借鉴。     

浅谈山区病死畜禽无害化处理机制的建立

病死畜禽无害化处理,不仅关系到畜牧业健康持续发展,涉及肉食品安全、生态环境安全和人民群众的身体健康。各级政府要根据畜禽养殖、疫病发生和畜禽死亡等情况,统筹规划和合理布局病死畜禽无害化收集处理体系,组织建设覆盖饲养、屠宰、经营、运输等各环节的病死畜禽无害化处理场所。     

江西省病死畜禽无害化集中处理工作加快推进

<正>近日,省畜牧兽医局组成三个督查组,对全省6个设区市17个县(市、区)病死畜禽无害化处理工作进行了专项督查,重点督查病死畜禽无害化集中处理体系建设、养殖环节病死猪无害化处理补助政策落实及病死畜禽无害化处理机制执行情况等。同时要求各地对辖区内县(市、区)病死畜禽无害化处理工作开展情况进行     

病死畜禽无害化处理机制的建立

正云南省宣威市地处云南省东北部,畜牧产业占据宣威市大农业的半壁江山。但是,宣威市境内至今没有一家专业的病死畜禽无害化处理厂,没有病死畜禽收集网点和暂存设施。养殖、移动和屠宰环节的病死畜禽的无害化处理能力较低,水平不高。全市组织建设覆盖饲养、屠宰、经营、运输等各环节的病死畜禽无害化处理体系面临资金、技术、监管等诸多方面的困难,病死畜禽无害化收集处理体系仍不健全。     

辽宁省养殖环节死亡生猪无害化处理现状

为揭示辽宁省养殖环节病死猪无害化处理中存在的问题并提出相关建议,对辽宁省无害化处理中心及其收集体系建设运行情况、2017—2020年生猪无害化处理数据进行了综合分析。结果显示:截至2021年3月,辽宁省共建成24家病死畜禽无害化处理中心,主要集中在辽西地区,而辽东地区的抚顺、本溪和丹东3市目前尚未建成;24家无害化处理中心共配备156辆病死畜禽收集运输车,收集范围覆盖52%(52/100)的县区和78.95%(15/19)的生猪销售大县;2017—2020年全省养殖环节生猪无害化处理率分别为5.19%、7.81%、7.43%和11.99%,地区间存在较大差异。建议尽快完善辽东山区病死畜禽无害化处理体系、优化辽西地区无害化处理产能配置、深入实施无害化处理与养殖业保险联动、建立无害化处理法治与标准化体系。本研究可为辽宁省乃至全国更好地开展病死畜禽无害化处理监管工作提供参考。     

桑树的遗传变异特点及在品种选育中的应用

我国具有悠久的桑树栽培历史,拥有3 000余份桑树种质资源,分属15个桑种和4个变种,并逐渐形成适应不同生长环境的8个生态类型。依据已有的研究结果,综述桑树遗传变异的特点包括:广泛分布、自然有性杂交和异花授粉以及缺乏稳定性选择等,促进了桑树的突变发生,形成遗传变异的多样性;无性繁殖方式产生了丰富的无性系变异;性状遗传值中非加性效应占有较大比例;无性系品种间杂种一代存在复杂的多样性分离和经济性状的普遍退化;存在丰富的多倍体系列和普遍的混倍现象等。对桑树品种选育研究提出建议:基于桑树的高度杂合习性,不仅要重视研究不同品种中加性效应在遗传值中所占比率,更要研究非加性效应所占比率及充分利用的方法;基于桑树遗传变异的多样性和丰富的无性系变异,加强无性系和田间选优育种;利用桑树混倍现象,将培育多倍体特别是三倍体品种作为一条有效的多倍体育种途径。     

Housing of dogs and cats in shelters and kennels in Switzerland

The study deals with the situation regarding housing of dogs and cats in Swiss shelters and kennels. In shelters, dogs were mainly held inside a cubicle with a small outside yard. In kennels, housing of dogs took place mainly in inside rooms. Usually two or three dogs were kept together. Cats were held in rooms, with or without outside yards, mainly in groups; no establishment preferred exclusively the housing in cubicles. Shelters received on average 183 dogs and 262 cats each year. Among them, about a third were lost animals while the remaining ones were relinquished. The study highlights some possibilities for improvements and the great diversity of the establishments regarding their size, infrastructure, housing conditions and aims.     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.     

Ecology and epidemiology of anthrax in cattle and humans in Zambia

Anthrax is endemic in Western and North-western Provinces of Zambia. The disease occurs throughout the year and impacts negatively on the economy of the livestock industry and public health in Zambia. During 1989-1995, there were 1626 suspected cases of anthrax in cattle in Western province and of these 51 were confirmed. There were 220 cases of human anthrax cases in 1990 alone and 248 cases during 1991-1998 with 19.1% and 7.7% case fatality rates, respectively. Interplay of the ecology of affected areas and anthropogenic factors seem to trigger anthrax epidemics. Anthrax has drawn considerable attention in recent years due to its potential use as a biological weapon. In this paper, the history, current status and approaches towards the control of the disease in Zambia are discussed. Quarantine measures restrict trade of livestock and exchange of animals for draught power resulting in poor food security at household levels. Challenges of anthrax control are complex and comprise of socio-political, economical, environmental and cultural factors. Inadequate funding, lack of innovative disease control strategies and lack of cooperation from stakeholders are the major constraints to the control of the disease. It is hoped that the information provided here will stimulate continued awareness for the veterinary and medical authorities to maintain their surveillance and capabilities against the disease. This may lead to a culminating positive impact on livestock and human health in the southern African region.     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation

Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.     

Variation in quantity and quality of native forages and grazing behavior of cattle and goats in Tanzania

The study was conducted to assess the effects of seasonal variation in the quality and quantity of pasture and management of livestock exclosures (ngitili) on the grazing behavior of cattle and goats. The study was 2×2×2 factorial design with three independent variables: season (Dry or Rainy), ngitili management (Private or Communal) and animal species (Cattle or Goats). Focal and scan observation methods were used to record different behavioral activities. Vegetation attributes from the study areas were measured in two consecutive seasons. Most key forage species had significant higher crude protein (CP) content and in vitro organic matter digestibility (INVOMD) in rainy than in dry season (P<0.05), but Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) did not vary significantly with season (P>0.05). ADF and NDF were significantly higher in species from communal ngitili than those from private ngitili (P<0.05). Above-ground herbaceous biomass and bulk density (BD) were significantly higher in the rainy season and in the private ngitili than in the dry season and in the communal ngitili respectively. Cattle and goats spent considerably more time grazing and browsing respectively in the rainy season than in the dry season (P<0.05). Cattle foraging activities did not vary significantly (P>0.05) with ngitili management, but goats found to spend considerably more time browsing in the communal ngitili and more time grazing in the private ngitili (P<0.05). Despite the merits of stocking cattle and goats together in the heterogeneous pasture, seasonal variation in forage resources requires investigation of other strategies such as use of multipurpose trees and treatment of crop residues to improve livestock production.     

兰州地区苜蓿和红豆草根际溶磷菌筛选及菌株部分特性研究

利用溶磷圈法对苜蓿和红豆草根际不同部位溶磷细菌进行了分离,共获得分离物386个,其中137个具有溶磷能力.苜蓿和红豆草根际不同部位溶磷菌数量分布有差异.其数量为RS>RP>NRS>HP.对筛选获得的12株溶磷圈较大的菌株进行菌落形态特征观察发现,大多数菌落呈灰白色或乳白色、不规则、半透明、边缘不整齐、突起、无光泽、无色素.进一步利用钼蓝比色法对菌株分解磷矿粉能力测定显示,各菌株分解磷矿粉能力差异较大,溶磷量最大为338.4mg/ml,最小为25.9mg/ml,这与其自身溶磷机制有关.溶磷量与菌株培养液pH值之间存在显著相关性.12株菌株大部分具有分泌IAA的能力,其中LM6和LH9分泌IAA能力较强.     

精氨酸在畜禽营养生理中的应用进展

精氨酸在动物体内参不仅参与多种营养物质的合成分解代谢,同时通过精氨酸酶、一氧化氮两条代谢途径,参与机体内的免疫调节。由于断奶仔猪与哺乳母猪自身不能合成足量的精氨酸以满足代谢需要,因此需要从外源摄取以满足需求;另外,家禽体内也缺乏可以合成精氨酸的氨甲酰磷酸酶,其整个生长阶段更是需要补充外源性精氨酸。