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鱼属变温动物,鱼的体温随水温变化而变化,在低温时鱼体内各种消化酶的量和活性都不高,影响鱼的生长。鱼类饵料的加工工艺,应考虑养殖时的水温等因素,才能生产出低温时有较高消化率的特制饵料。鱼根据食性分为:肉食性、杂食性、草食性和滤食性的鱼,不同食性的鱼体内消化酶的种类、活性和含量亦不相同,对蛋白质和碳水化合物的消化能力各不相同,鱼饵料加工工艺应根据不同鱼的品种、不同生长期等特性来设计和配制,使其符合不同食性鱼的需要。随高油脂饵料的出现带来物料流动性差、加工设备易粘料、挂油现象和影响成品的储藏等问题,对包装及仓库的温度及光照设计标准应严格控制。促摄饵物质的应用,能对鱼类视觉、味觉和嗅觉产生强烈的刺激,激发了鱼摄取饵料的欲望,使消化酶的活性提升,能有效地促进鱼的抗病能力和增重。 相似文献
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淀粉消化主要是消化酶将淀粉水解成葡萄糖,并通过肠壁吸收进入血液而参与体内代谢的过程。淀粉消化在家禽生长中有着关键作用,不仅影响家禽的生产性能,同时对家禽的糖类和脂类代谢、肠道微生物菌群和肠道形态等都有显著影响。家禽对淀粉的消化与家禽日龄、饲粮淀粉类型、淀粉颗粒大小、支链/直链淀粉比例及非淀粉多糖含量等有关。本文主要综述家禽对淀粉消化特点及淀粉消化对家禽生理代谢的影响,并阐述影响淀粉消化的因素,为改善家禽对淀粉的利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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3碳水化合物南美白对虾消化碳水化合物的能力非常重要,许多学者对此进行了研究(Cousin等,1993;Davisand Arnold,1993;Cruz等,1996)。幼虾和中成虾摄食40%左右的高水平淀粉,其表观消化率反映了消化性能的增加(见图5)。淀粉具有良好的消化性,无论是粗原料还是熟化淀粉,其消化特性与常规饲料中可利用植物源的数量有关。图5饲料中不同淀粉水平下的淀粉ADC(80%~90%)和蛋白质ADC南美白对虾的消化酶分为3类:蛋白酶(如体内胰岛素、胰蛋白酶;体外氨肽酶;低相对分子质量蛋白酶虾红素)、糖酶(α-淀粉酶和昆布多糖酶)和脂肪酶。南美白对虾中研究最… 相似文献
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<正>不同品种的猪具有不同的种质特性,目前国内外对各猪种消化酶活性的研究主要集中在断奶阶段,并且由于日粮、饲养管理、取样方法、酶活分析方法以及酶活性表达方式的不同,所得数据的可比性有限。不同品种猪的消化酶活性是否存在差异,有待于进一步研究。本试验对长白猪、大白×太湖二元杂交猪(简称大太二杂猪)和太湖猪从初生到90日龄阶段消化酶的发育规律进行研究,揭示了各猪种消化酶活性存在的差异。 相似文献
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酶在幼鱼、幼虾开口饵料中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
<正> 鱼虾体内存在着各种消化酶,它在鱼虾体内起着极为重要的作用。饵料中的大分子如淀粉、蛋白质、纤维素等,经消化酶可分解为易消化吸收的糖类、氨基酸、纤维二糖等小分子物质,没有消化酶,各种饵料组份几乎无法被鱼虾吸收转化为其本体组份。因此,对部分原料进行酶化处理是提高仔鱼、幼虾饵料消化吸收率的一项 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1 材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5~ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2 结果和讨论2 .1 睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果 见表 1。表 1 獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标 μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管… 相似文献
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Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献