四川省第四期种猪性能测定

对全省各主要种猪场送检的 39头种猪进行种猪性能测定和氟烷基因型检测 ,测定结果表明 ,测试期平均日增重、平均校正背膘厚、平均耗料指数分别为 90 5 .6克、1 5 .5毫米、2 .6 2 ,39头送检种猪中有 2头长白猪含有氟烷阳性杂合子 (HalNn)。经过四期种猪性能测定表明 ,我省种猪质量得到明显提高 ,部分种猪性能已达到国内先进水平     

抗病育种技术在引进美国SPF种猪后代选育中应用探究

为探索利用现代分子育种技术培育抗病新品系种猪,本试验对引进美国的44头杜洛克、138头大约克、28头长白纯种猪进行耳组织采样,采用基因检测技术分别进行氟烷基因（抗应激基因）、抗腹泻基因及KPL2基因（精子短尾基因）检测。结果表明,1）氟烷基因检测：杜洛克种猪检测出氟烷基因型Nn个体（应激易感基因个体）1头,占2.33%（1/44）;大约克种猪检测出氟烷基因型Nn个体2头,占1.45%（2/138）;长白种猪未检测到氟烷基因型Nn个体（0/28）,所检测的28头猪全部为氟烷基因型NN个体（抗应激基因个体）。2）抗腹泻基因检测：杜洛克种猪群中含有抗腹泻GG基因型个体37头,占杜洛克猪检测总数的86.05%（37/43）;长白种猪群中腹泻抗性有利GG基因型个体有11头,占40.74%（11/27）;大约克种猪腹泻抗性有利基因个体有23头,占16.79%（23/137）,3个品种中杜洛克种猪群占有腹泻抗性个体最多,其次是长白种猪,大约克种猪最少。3）KPL2基因检测：所检测的138头大约克种猪,没有检出携带精子短尾遗传疾患的个体。在种猪繁育中,只要加大世代有利纯合抗性个体的选留比例,最终可以建立纯系杜洛克、大约克、长白种猪等抗应激、抗腹泻、无精子短尾症等专门化新品系。     

四川省"种猪性能测定技术研究"取得重大进展

四川省畜牧科学研究院完成的“种猪性能测定技术研究”在国内首次将氟烷基因型的ＰＣＲ -ＲＦＬＰ检测技术用于种猪性能测定中心的种猪测定 ,研究建立了种猪性能测定与氟烷基因型ＤＮＡ检测生产技术相结合、中心测定与场内测定相结合、种猪测定与种猪公开展销相结合的一套技术规程和测定制度 ,技术达到国际先进水平。同时 ,该院制定了《种猪中心测定办法》、《种猪场内测定办法》和《种猪展销规则》等技术性文件 ,具有较强的系统性、科学性、先进性、实用性和可操作性 ,通过在四川省种猪性能测定中心和我省重点种猪场应用 ,取得良好效果 :中…     

莆兴大白种猪测定与选育进展报告

考虑国内市场的需求,用英系大白、美系大白、法系大白为育种材料,采用开放与闭锁相结合的育种方法,间断导入新的血缘,实行场内种猪测定,用GBS育种软件进行育种值估计,经5个世代选育取得显著的遗传进展:达100kg时日龄减少了5.4d,背膘厚下降1.41mm,初产母猪平均产仔数达10.36头,经产母猪平均产仔数达12.63头,种猪体型高、长,前躯宽深,四肢粗壮。2006年经武汉国家种猪测定中心的测定,共获得2个第3名的好成绩。现将选育情况总结如下。1材料与方法1.1选育目标考虑本区域通常利用大白猪做第一母本或第一父本的实际情况,遗传评估中适当提高母系种猪的繁殖性状和生长性状的经济权重,外形要高大、四肢粗壮、前肩宽深。目标:达100kg时日龄少于160d,平均背膘厚小于12.5mm,母猪初胎平均产仔数10头,经产母猪平均产仔数12头以上,氟烷阳性率≤1%,无明显的PSE或DFD肉。1.2基础群种猪组建在本公司原种场内查阅大白种猪档案,根据种猪个体的生长性能、繁殖性能并结合体型外貌等挑选优秀纯种大白猪组成多品系的基础选育群(12个血统),其中法系大白6个血统、新美系大白6个血统、英系大白3个血统,共16头公猪、120头...     

河南省种猪测定情况报告

2003年河南省种猪联合育种协作组共测定种猪1049头;测定场包括我省的绝大多数一级种猪场和部分二级种猪场共20个场。测定杜洛克公猪100头、母猪109头,大约克公猪443头、母猪138头,长白公猪51头、母猪102头。从测定结果看,我省的种猪质量比较高,但是差异也比较大。1测定结果1.1大约克种猪测定结果全省大约克种猪达100千克体重的日龄平均为175.2天,最短136.9天;100千克上市体重的背膘厚平均为13.12毫米,最薄的7.49毫米;体重30～100千克育肥阶段平均日增重811.4克。具体测定结果见表1、表2和表3。从表1、表2和表3可以看出,大约克公猪150日龄以…     

不同饲养密度下猪的采食规律研究

为探讨不同饲养密度条件下猪的采食规律,利用奥斯本种猪性能测定系统(FIRE)对68头纯种大约克60~100kg生长阶段进行了测定和观察。试验猪按饲养密度大小分为4组,每组1个重复,饲养密度分别为0.56头/m2、0.50头/m2、0.44头/m2、0.39头/m2。结果表明,饲养密度为0.44头/m2时,群体的生长性能表现较好,平均日采食次数13.59次,平均日采食时间64.95 min,平均日采食量2.52 kg,平均日增重867.39 g。在后备种猪的饲养管理过程中,建议采用0.44头/m2的饲养密度,充分利用养殖空间并发挥猪群的生长潜力。     

苏钟Ⅰ系和Ⅱ系猪的氟烷基因及其对产肉性能的影响

:对 3 0 1头瘦肉型新品系苏钟 系和 系仔猪进行氟烷测验 ,阳性率为 1 .3 3 %。随机抽取氟烷阴性猪 3 4头进行基因型检测 ,有 6头为杂合子 ,由此得知 NN、Nn和 nn3种基因型的频率分别为 81 .2 6%、1 7.4 1 %和 1 .3 3 %,N和 n2种基因的频率分别为 89.97%和 1 0 .0 3 %。对 3种基因型猪的肉质进行评定结果显示 ,4头氟烷阳性猪 ( nn)肉质最差 ,出现 3头严重 PSE肉和 1头轻度 PSE肉 ,而氟烷阴性猪 ( NN或 Nn)未发生 PSE肉。2 0头苏钟 系氟烷阴性猪用阳性公猪测交 ,对产出的 2 0 8头后代进行氟烷测验 ,共检出 4窝中的 2 1头阳性猪。对测交后代进行肥育性能和肉质测定 ,发现阳性猪的日增重和饲料报酬等较低 ,屠宰率、眼肌面积和瘦肉率较高 ,肉质较差     

猪场风采:河南省黄泛区鑫欣牧业有限公司

河南省黄泛区鑫欣牧业有限公司是河南省规模较大的种猪繁育销售基地和供港生猪饲养基地,目前拥有集约化猪场8座,其中原种猪场1座,基础母猪400头;种猪测定站2座,每年可测定种猪8000头;种猪场2座,基础母猪3200头,     

农业部通报2016年种畜禽质量检验结果

近期,农业部组织开展了2016年种畜禽质量安全监督检验工作,委托具有法定资质的种畜禽质量检验机构,对种牛、种猪精液进行质量抽检,对种猪、肉鸡商品代进行生产性能测定,并通报检验结果. 本次检验组织抽检了56家企业762头种公牛的冷冻精液产品及74家企业1030头种公猪的常温精液产品,对21家企业送检的653头种公猪进行了生产性能测定,对12家企业的5400只商品代肉鸡进行了生产性能测定.     

动物疫病防治的健康养殖战略(下)

四川瘦肉型猪规模化养殖及产业化技术研究与开发项目取得了一系列的关键技术突破：(1)结合我国养猪生产实际，将氟烷基因型PCRRFLP检测技术应用于种猪测定，并成功地研究建立起种猪生长发育测定与氟烷基因型DNA检测生物技术相结合，场内测定与中心测定相结合，种猪测定与种猪公开拍卖相结合，种猪测定与各育种场良种登记制度相结合的一整套技术规程和测定制度。     

梅山和大约克猪ESR和FSH-β基因多态性比较

采用RFLP-PCR和PCR方法对梅山和大约克猪核心群ESR和FSH-β基因多态性进行检测。结果表明,梅山群体中ESR基因A和B等位基因的频率分别为0.353和0.647,FSH-β基因A和B等位基因的频率分别为0.836和0.164;大约克群体中ESR基因A和B等位基因的频率分别为0.409和0.591,FSH-β基因A和B等位基因的频率分别为0.069和0.931。     

致病性嗜水气单胞菌PCR快速检测方法的建立

本试验根据GenBank已登录的致病性嗜水气单胞菌保守序列16S rDNA和Aero,设计2对引物,以嗜水气单胞菌纯培养物为起始材料,建立PCR检测方法。从12株分离物中均扩增到16S rDNA片段,从3株分离物中均扩增到Aero片段,经序列测定和分析,所扩增的片段均为嗜水气单胞菌的核苷酸序列。结果表明,建立的PCR方法可用于检测致病性嗜水气单胞菌。     

Knockout of Myostatin Gene by CRISPR/Cas9 System in Ovine Fetal Fibroblasts

Mutation in myostatin (MSTN) gene resulted in double muscle effect,generating more mutton.To knock out MSTN gene in sheep fetal fibroblast by CRISPR/Cas9 system and obtain MSTN gene knockout cell lines,four plasmids were designed and constructed to target MSTN gene,and confirmed correctly by sequencing.The correct plasmids were delivered into the fetal fibroblast cells.The targeting efficiency was detected using SURVEYOR assay Kit.The stable transfected cell colonies were obtained via limiting dilution procedure.The sequence results demonstrated that the pX330-target 1 and pX330-target 4 plasmids could successfully knockout MSTN gene,and the targeting efficiency were 24.20% and 10.18%,respectively.Twelve MSTN gene knockout cell colonies were obtained via limiting dilution,and one of them was homozygous mutation.Several indel mutations were discovered at specific site,and some of them were frame-shift mutation.Therefore,we concluded that the CRISPR/Cas9 system could apply to the gene editing of sheep efficiently,and the gene knockout cell clones had potential application in generating MSTN gene knockout sheep.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒传统毒株与变异毒株的鉴别诊断

从山东各地猪场采集了50份疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)感染的病料,采用RT-PCR技术扩增出PRRS病毒(PRRSV)的ORF7基因和Nsp2基因,并对Nsp2基因进行了序列同源性比较和遗传进化树分析,从RT-PCR阳性病料中进行病毒分离,然后应用Nsp2单克隆抗体对分离毒株进行鉴别诊断。结果表明,从8份病料中同时扩增出病毒的ORF7基因和Nsp2基因,序列分析显示其中6株病毒的Nsp2缺失30个氨基酸,与Nsp2单克隆抗体不发生反应,属于变异毒株;另外两株病毒的Nsp2未见氨基酸缺失,与Nsp2单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,属于传统毒株。序列同源性和系统进化分析表明,6株变异毒株与其他高致病性毒株亲缘关系很近,而与经典毒株的遗传距离较远。     

Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Marker Gene neo Drifts in Transgenic Pigs

This study was designed to study the possibility of gene drift of the antibiotic marker gene neo in transgenic pigs.First,dominance and recessiveness of neo gene in 6 piglets of F1 were identified using Southern blotting.It was found that 3 piglets were positive transgenic piglets and the other 3 piglets were non-transgenic piglets.The neo gene in blood and digestive tract tissue of experimental piglets were detected using PCR.The result showed that no gene drift was showed in blood and digestive tract tissues of experimental piglets.Then PCR technology was used to detect neo gene in intestinal bacteria of experimental piglets.The result showed that neo gene did not exist in the genome of intestinal bacteria.This study suggested that no gene drift was found in blood,intestinal bacteria and digestive tract tissues of piglets.     

副猪嗜血杆菌分离株hhdA和hhdB基因的克隆及同源性分析

用预先设计好的hhdA和hhdB基因的PCR扩增引物,扩增不同血清型的副猪嗜血杆菌分离株中的hhdA和hhdB基因,将扩增产物与克隆载体pMD ^TM18-T连接,转化入感受态细胞DH5α,通过PCR、双酶切及序列测定,测序结果表明：扩增的16株HPS菌中有11株能扩增出hhdA基因,其中10株有测序结果,该10株菌的hhdA基因全基因序列有7种长度,分别为1754、1755、1758、1759、1760、1761和1762bp。另外,16株HPS菌中有9株能扩增出hhdB基因,该9株菌的hhdB基因全基因序列有7种长度,分别为1628、1637、1639、1640、1641、1646和1647bp。对于相同血清型的不同菌株来说,它们的2段目的基因序列长度两两不一致。强毒株中,71％的菌株均能扩增出hhdA和hhdB基因;中毒型菌株也基本可以扩增出hhdA和hhdB基因;而无毒型菌株均没有扩增出目的基因。同源性比对可知：所分离菌株的hhdA之间和hhdB基因之间,以及它们分别与GenBank中副猪嗜血杆菌SH0165的hhdA和hhdB基因之间序列同源性都在98％以上,说明所分离的菌株中均含有hhdA和hhdB基因序列。同源系统进化树分析可知,hhdA和hhdB基因在分离菌菌株间具有良好的保守性,可作为研制HPS新型疫苗的候选基因。     

Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw bulk-tank milk samples of goats and sheep

Two hundred and ninety-three isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from 127 bulk-tank milk samples of goats and sheep from Switzerland were characterised by pheno- and genotypic traits. Of the 293 S. aureus isolates, 193 (65.9%) were egg yolk-negative and 15 (5.1%) were negative for clumping factor and/or protein A determined by a latex agglutinating test system. For 285 isolates, PCR amplification of the 3' end of the coagulase gene showed a single amplicon. Five differently sized PCR products of 500, 580, 660, 740 and 820 bp were distinguished. In 191 isolates (n = 293) staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes were detected: 123 isolates tested positive for SEC gene, 31 for SEG gene, 28 for SEA gene, 26 for SEJ gene, 24 for SEI gene, 4 for SEB gene and 4 for SED gene. Furthermore, 126 isolates were positive for the gene encoding the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. Coagulase gene restriction profile analysis of the 145 isolates harbouring SEA or SEC genes revealed six different patterns using AluI and five different patterns using HaeIII. In summary, within these two groups, high genotypic uniformity within the different sized coagulase gene amplicons was demonstrated. This is the first study providing comprehensive characterisation data of S. aureus strains originating from bulk-tank milk samples of goats and sheep. Remarkable differences in phenotypic traits between S. aureus originating from goats and sheep and bovine milk were found. Moreover, the high prevalence of toxin-producing S. aureus may be important as it is relevant to food hygiene.     

Typing of the eae and espB genes of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli isolates from ruminants

The types of the eae and espB genes of 178 attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) strains isolated from diarrhoeic and healthy ruminants were investigated by PCR. Six types of the eae gene: beta (beta), gamma1 (gamma-1), gamma2 (gamma-2), epsilon (epsilon), zeta (zeta) and iota (iota), and three types of the espB gene: alpha, beta and gamma were identified in the strains studied. Moreover, three strains were negative to all the types of the eae gene tested. The types beta and gamma2 in healthy cattle, beta, gamma2 and epsilon in healthy sheep and goats, and beta in diarrhoeic calves, lambs and goat kids were the most frequent types of the eae gene among the strains studied. Although the eaebeta gene was the most prevalent among AEEC from healthy and diarrhoeic ruminants, the percentages of AEEC strains with this type found in this study in diarrhoeic animals (66.7-100%) were higher than those found in healthy animals (33.3-40.6%). Thus, these data suggest that AEEC strains with the eaebeta gene are associated with neonatal diarrhoea in ruminants. The eaegamma1, eaezeta and eaeiota genes were found in low percentages in the strains studied (4.5, 2.8 and 7.3%, respectively). All the types of the eae gene, except the type iota, showed a close correlation with the types of the espB gene: the eaebeta and eae epsilon genes with the espBbeta gene, the eaegamma2 and eaezeta genes with the espBalpha gene and the eaegamma1 gene with the espBgamma gene.     

2008-2009年部分地区新城疫病毒分离株的进化分析

本研究旨在从分子水平上掌握中国新城疫病毒的变异情况和新城疫的流行规律,对2008-2009年从中国部分省市养殖场分离的9株新城疫病毒毒株,采用RT-PCR方法扩增其F和HN基因,经克隆和测序,对所得序列进行同源性和遗传进化分析。结果显示,9株分离株有8株为基因Ⅶ型,1株为基因Ⅱ型,F基因开放性阅读框架(ORF)为1662 bp,强毒株同La Sota的核苷酸同源性为83.5%~84.2%。HN基因开放性阅读框架(ORF)为1716或1734 bp,强毒株在538位缺失1个糖基化位点。结果表明,近年流行的ND疫情主要是由基因Ⅶ型NDV引起,F和HN基因的变异可能与频繁的疫苗免疫选择压力有关。     

哺乳动物低氧适应性基因EGLN1的适应性进化与共进化特征

 EGLN1基因是一个关键的氧传感基因,也是低氧适应的重要调控基因之一。用生物信息学方法分析了哺乳动物EGLN1基因的适应性进化和共进化特征。结果表明,基于SLAC、FEL和REL方法在EGLN1基因中都检测到正选择位点,表明EGLN1基因在进化过程中受到了正选择作用,产生了适应性进化。在EGLN1基因编码区还识别出共进化位点,推测这些位点间可能存在直接或间接的相互作用,对维持蛋白质的结构和功能起着重要作用。