4型禽腺病毒HLJ1701株灭活疫苗的研制

利用4型禽腺病毒HLJ1701株进行灭活疫苗的研制,并对疫苗的免疫效果进行评价,为家禽4型禽腺病毒的防控提供数据及参考。将HLJ1701株用灭菌生理盐水作10~4倍稀释后,接种9日龄SPF鸡胚,37℃孵育72 h后收获感染鸡胚尿囊液,经甲醛灭活后,加白油佐剂乳化制成油乳剂灭活疫苗,对制备疫苗的性状、安全性、免疫效力等进行检验。结果显示,制备的3批4型禽腺病毒灭活疫苗(HLJ1701株)均为油包水型,黏度均在50 cP以内,对3批疫苗取样,样品经3000 r/min离心15 min,管底无水相析出。安全性试验结果显示,将疫苗按1 mL/只超剂量接种3周龄SPF鸡,试验鸡在观察期内全部健活,未出现局部或全身不良反应,表明疫苗对SPF鸡具有良好的安全性;免疫效力及攻毒保护试验结果显示,用疫苗按0.2 mL/只的剂量免疫接种3周龄SPF鸡1次,免疫接种后21d试验鸡血清中HLJ1701株的抗体平均效价可达2~8以上,使用4型禽腺病毒(HLJ1701株)接种0.2 mL/只(100 LD_(50))对免疫鸡进行攻毒,疫苗对免疫鸡的保护率均为100%。研究表明,实验室条件下研制的4型禽腺病毒(HLJ1701株)灭活疫苗的各项指标均符合标准。     

犬传染性肝炎病毒单克隆抗体的研究——Ⅰ.杂交瘤细胞株的建立

用从病犬分离的犬传染性肝炎病毒(ICHV)免疫BALB/C 小鼠,取其脾细胞与 SP_2/O 骨髓瘤细胞融合,通过 HI 试验筛选出4株分泌抗 ICHV 单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(C_2B_5、C_4B_8、D_4E_4、G_(10)C_(10))。HI 试验和斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(Dot-ELISA)进行特异性鉴定表明:4株单抗与鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)、牛腺病毒(BAV)、禽腺病毒(Oet株)、犬瘟热病毒(CDV)、犬细小病毒(CPV)均无反应,仅与 ICHV 苗德株反应。杂交瘤细胞株在液氮中保存3个月复苏,仍可分泌特异性抗体。     

一株野鸭源基因Ⅲ型新城疫病毒主要生物学特性及基因组序列测定分析

为研究分离自黑龙江三江自然保护区的野生绿头鸭粪拭子中的一株新城疫病毒(命名为Mallard/CH/HLJ383/06)主要生物学特性及基因组序列,本实验对病毒F基因序列进行测定,结果表明该病毒分离株属于NDV基因Ⅲ型,病毒的1日龄雏鸡脑内致病指数(ICPI)为1.81,高于NDV中等毒力病毒株ICPI值,预示该病毒分离株毒力有增强趋势.15日龄SPF鸡致病性试验表明,该病毒分离株可导致雏鸡发病但不死亡,致病性仍低于与其ICPI值相近的基因Ⅶ型毒株.对该病毒分离株进行全基因组序列分析表明:该病毒分离株与Ⅰ系疫苗病毒Mukteswar、江苏2株基因Ⅲ型分离株(JS/7/05/Ch,JS/9/05/Go)结构蛋白氨基酸同源性高达99.0%～99.7%;与疫苗株Mukteswar相比,3株基因Ⅲ型病毒分离株在F蛋白中只有1个共同的氨基酸位点变异(A203T);HN蛋白中存在15个变异氨基酸,但位置各不相同;L蛋白中变异位点最多,为28个,其中有4个变异位点为3个分离株所共有.以上结果初步表明,Mallard/CH/HLJ383/06株可能是由疫苗株Mukteswar在野禽、家禽生态系统中传播进化而来,并由于宿主或免疫压力而发生毒力变异;分离株L蛋白氨基酸位点的变异,可能是导致病毒株毒力返强主要因素之一.     

口蹄疫病毒P1-2A和3C蛋白重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫原性研究

为研制口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的新型重组腺病毒疫苗,本研究通过RT-PCR扩增FMDV GD株3C、P1、P1-2A、L-P1和L-2A基因,分别构建重组腺病毒穿梭质粒,并在含有腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的BJ5183E.coli中同源重组获得腺病毒重组质粒pAd-3C、pAd-P1、pAd-P1-2A、pAd-L-P1、pAd-L-2A,经PacⅠ线性化后转染AD-293细胞,获得含有目的基因的重组腺病毒。将具有感染能力的复制缺陷型重组腺病毒rAd-3C分别与rAd-P1、rAd-P1-2A、rAd-L-P1、rAd-L-2A共感染Vero细胞,裂解细胞收集细胞上清液并进行小鼠免疫试验。经ELISA检测表明,重组腺病毒rAd-3C分别与rAd-P1-2A、rAd-L-2A共感染Vero细胞上清液能够诱导小鼠产生特异性体液免疫应答。     

2019年云南省景洪市哨兵动物多种虫媒病毒的分离鉴定

本研究旨在了解云南省景洪市虫媒病毒的流行情况。2019年在景洪市勐罕镇设立了3头哨兵动物牛,定期采血进行虫媒病毒的分离与鉴定,共获得7株病毒分离物。经病毒核酸的RT-PCR鉴定,分离到2株血清型分别为6型和7型流行性出血热病毒（epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus,EHDV）,2株血清型分别为4型和5型的蓝舌病病毒（bluetongue virus,BTV）,1株帕利亚血清群病毒（palyam serogroup virus,PALV）中的D’Aguilar virus（DAV）血清型病毒和2株未鉴定出的环状病毒。经病毒Seg-2、Seg-3序列ORF区的比对和进化分析显示,7株病毒的地域型均为Eastern型,与日本、澳大利亚和印度毒株具有最近的亲缘关系。3头哨兵动物的血液和血清,经病毒核酸及血清中和试验检测,证明3头动物均被相应的病毒感染。动物感染病毒后,血清中的特异性抗体迅速上升,3~4周后达最高点并能够在该水平维持较长时间,而血液中病毒核酸含量2~4周到达最高点后则呈迅速下降趋势。本研究报道了景洪虫媒病毒的分离、毒株序列特征以及在动物上的感染特性,研究结果为进一步了解当地的牛虫媒病毒提供数据支撑,同时3头牛分离获得7株病毒,提示当地可能还存在更多种类的虫媒病毒。     

Ⅰ群禽腺病毒血清4型QD株的分离与鉴定

为了对Ⅰ群禽腺病毒血清4型(FAdV-4)的毒株进行分离,试验采用病毒分离、DNA提取、PCR鉴定、Hexon基因序列分析、病毒毒价测定、病毒形态学观察及动物回归试验等方法对青岛地区疑似心包积水及包涵体肝炎病鸡的肝脏进行了研究。结果表明:该分离毒株提取的DNA经PCR鉴定为阳性;该分离毒株序列与已发表的Ⅰ群禽腺病毒4型序列同源性为97.7%,病毒毒价为1×10~8TCID_(50)/0.1 mL;病毒形态为球形、无囊膜、二十面体对称的粒子结构;在动物回归试验中,病死肉鸡心包有积液,发病鸡肝脏的中央静脉广泛淤血,肝细胞发生空泡样变性,细胞浆和细胞核内可见嗜碱性包涵体。说明该分离株为Ⅰ群禽腺病毒血清4型毒株。     

腺病毒载体的研究概况

1953年,Rowe等首次由人的手术切除的扁桃体组织,用血浆埋块培养分离得到一株病毒,以后他人又陆续从人和其他哺乳动物、禽类中分离到类似的病毒.因为最初是从腺体组织分离得到,故名腺病毒.它分为两个属:哺乳动物腺病毒和禽类腺病毒[1].该病毒是无囊膜的线性双链DNA病毒[2,3],腺病毒在自然界分布广泛,至少存在100种以上的血清型,基因组长约36 kb,其两端各有一个反向末端重复区(ITR),ITR内侧为病毒包装信号.基因组上含有早期转录基因(E)和晚期转录基因(L),早期转录基因包括E1A、E1B、E2A、E2B、E3、E4, 晚期转录基因为L1、L2、L3、L4、L5[4].     

四川省某肉牛场犊牛呼吸道疾病的病原学诊断

四川省某肉牛场新引进的犊牛出现发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难、流鼻涕等呼吸道症状,为了解该病的病因,本试验采集了10份病牛深部鼻腔棉拭子样本,采用PCR方法检测了牛冠状病毒（BCoV）、牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（IBRV）、牛腺病毒3型（BAV-3）、牛支原体（M.Bovis）、多杀性巴氏杆菌（P.multocida）、溶血性曼氏杆菌（M.haemolytica）及睡眠嗜组织菌（H.somni）等8种常见呼吸道病原。结果显示：BCoV检出率为70%,BVDV检出率为30%,其余病原均未检出,表明该肉牛场犊牛的呼吸道疾病是由BCoV和BVDV混合感染引起的。     

鸭腺病毒A型Hexon基因克隆与序列分析

为明确鸭腺病毒A型Hexon基因特征及其在腺病毒科病毒分类中的作用,本研究从前期分离鉴定的一株番鸭源鸭腺病毒A型分离株（JX2016株）中分段扩增获得其Hexon基因编码区。结果发现,鸭腺病毒A型JX2016株Hexon基因编码区为2 733 bp,编码910个氨基酸,与鸭腺病毒A型（FJ12025株）核苷酸同源性最高,达99.8%;与其他分离株Hexon基因核苷酸同源性均在99.4%以上;与鸭腺病毒2型（GR株,未明确分类地位）同源性仅为54.5%;与禽腺病毒A型Phelps株（鸡源）及P29株（鹅源）的核苷酸同源性分别为53.6%和55.2%。遗传进化树分析发现,所有鸭腺病毒A型分离株在遗传进化上均处于相同的亚分支,且与绵羊腺病毒D型（OAV287株）均处于富AT腺病毒属遗传进化分支。但鸭腺病毒2型（GR株）与禽腺病毒A型Phelps株（鸡源）、P29株（鹅源）却处于同一遗传进化分支,均属于禽腺病毒属遗传进化分支。基于Hexon蛋白的遗传进化分析,建议将鸭腺病毒A型重新命名为鸭源富AT腺病毒A型,将鸭腺病毒2型重新命名为鸭源禽腺病毒。     

新城疫病毒分离株F基因的克隆与序列分析

应用RT-PCR分别扩增出新城疫病毒(NDV)青海株(QH3)、黑龙江株(HLJ)和甘肃株(A4)的融合蛋白(F)基因的全长核苷酸,再克隆到pMD18-T载体中.经酶切和质粒PCR鉴定,获得阳性重组质粒后,进行序列测定并推导出其氨基酸序列,同时进行分析和比较.序列分析结果表明,所获得的3个分离株F基因完整的开放阅读框长度为1 662 bp,共编码F蛋白的553个氨基酸;3个毒株之间的核苷酸序列同源性为88.0%～90.6%;与常用疫苗株之间核苷酸序列同源性只有85.3%～91.6%.三者F基因的裂解位点均为112R-R-Q-K/R-R-F117,符合强毒株裂解区氨基酸组成的特征.以1 bp～374 bp的核苷酸序列绘制系统发育树分析表明,QH3株NDV为基因Ⅷ型,A4株NDV为基因Ⅵ型,HLJ株NDV为基因Ⅸ型.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.