抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其特性的研究

本实验将鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（澳大利亚Ｔ株）进行纯化，制成抗原，应用杂交瘤技术建立了５株分泌抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的杂交瘤细胞株，其免疫球蛋白的亚类分别属于ＩｇＧ１、ＩｇＧ３、ＩｇＭ。杂交瘤细胞分泌抗体的能力稳定，长期传代对其抗体分泌能力没有影响。５株单克隆抗体与其它１２株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒标准株之间存在不同程度的交叉反应，但对鸡新城疫病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒、产蛋下降综合征病毒及禽流感病毒均无交叉反应。用此杂交瘤细胞制备腹水的ＥＬＩＳＡ效价为１０－６～１０－７，抗体对热的稳定性有一定的差别。抗体纯化后，经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ凝胶电泳表明具有单克隆抗体的特征，经快速蛋白分析鉴定其纯度为８９．４９％。竞争ＥＬＩＳＡ法证明其中４株的单抗与抗原结合位点并不完全相同。采用单抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法，对抗原的检测方法进行了初步探索。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的鉴定

筛选建立了8株牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞，通过对其染色体的分析、单克隆抗体免疫球蛋白类型及病毒中和活性等指标的检测，表明8株单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞的染色体数目均接近两亲本细胞的染色体数目之和；单克隆抗体免疫球蛋白类型均为IgG，其中6株为IgG1,2株为IgG2a，且以BVDV具有不同程度的中和能力。     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒单克隆抗体的建立及其应用

应用鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（ＩＬＴＶ）作免疫原建立了８株分泌抗ＩＬＴＶ单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的杂交瘤细胞株。这８株ＭｃＡｂ均具有荧光抗体的特性，没有中和病毒的能力，分别属于ＩｇＧ２ａ，ＩｇＧ３和ＩｇＭ，应用异硫氰酸荧光素标记ＭｃＡｂ，建立了直接荧光抗体试验，用其检测ＩＬＴＶ抗原与分离病毒的符合率为９２．８％。     

抗传染性法氏囊病病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其生物学特性鉴定

应用杂交瘤技术获得了１３株抗传染性法氏囊病病毒的单克隆抗体,其中有９株ＭｃＡｂｓ为ＩｇＧ类,４株为ＩｇＭ类,这些ＭｃＡｂｓ与新城疫病毒,传染性支气管炎病毒和马立克氏病病均无交驻反应病毒中和试验表明,有５株ＭｃＡｂｓ具有中和活性,Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｉｏｔｔｉｎｇ试验表明,这５株有中和性的ＭｃＡｂｓ识别的抗原位在ＶＰ２上。     

分泌抗鸡Ig单抗杂交瘤细胞系的建立与单抗生物学特性的鉴定

从传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）杂交瘤细胞系１Ｄ１０、１Ｇ１中得到了３株能稳定分泌抗鸡免疫球蛋白（Ｉｇ）ＭｃＡｂ的杂交瘤细胞系１Ｂ７、１Ｄ７、３Ｇ６。其抗体类和亚类均属ＩｇＧ２ｂ，腹水的ＥＬＩＳＡ效价≥１∶２５６００，琼扩效价为１∶８～１∶１６。３株ＭｃＡｂ能与鸡血清中的Ｉｇ出现沉淀反应，琼扩在２４ｈ以内出现清晰的沉淀线，而不能和鸭、鸽、鹌鹑等禽类及异种动物血清出现沉淀线。纯化的鸡ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ后，分别用纯化并经辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＰＲ）标记的１Ｂ７、１Ｄ７、３Ｇ６单抗酶结合物进行免疫印迹试验证明，３株单抗识别的均为ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ分子的轻链     

抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒单克隆抗体中和株的建立

将纯化的鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）组织毒免疫的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ鼠脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０骨髓瘤细胞融合，用ＥＬＩＳＡ，病毒中和试验检测分泌抗体，获得了６株稳定分泌抗ＩＢＤＶ单隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞，命名为ＮＩＢ－１，ＮＩＢ－２，ＮＩＢ－３，ＮＩＢ－４，ＮＩＢ－５，ＮＩＢ－６；６株ＭＣＡｂ均具ＥＬＩＳＡ特性和免疫沉淀特性，亚类鉴定表明，前４株属于ＩｇＧ２ａ，后２株属于ＩｇＧ１。杂交瘤细胞冻存６个月后复苏，均     

分泌抗猪伪狂犬病病毒(北京株)单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

用纯化的猪伪狂犬病病毒免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠,取脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０骨髓瘤细胞融合 ,经间接ＥＬＩＳＡ筛选,３次有限稀释法克隆,获得了２株能稳定分泌抗伪狂犬病病毒单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株１Ｈ７和３Ｂ５,经鉴定两株单抗均为ＩｇＧ１亚类、Ｋａｐｐａ型轻链,杂交瘤细胞的平均染色体数为９７,细胞培养液上清及腹水效价分别为１：１０２４、１：１０２４和１：１０＾８、１：１０＾７;１Ｈ７、３Ｂ５单克隆抗体不与猪繁殖－呼吸综合征病毒、猪温病毒、猪细小病毒发生交叉反应,显示良好的特异性,为进一步应用奠定了基础。     

抗绵羊肺炎支原体单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

用绵羊肺炎支原体（ＭＯ）抗原免疫的ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠，取血清抗体阳性免疫鼠的脾细胞与ＳＰ２／Ｏ细胞在聚乙二醇作用下进行融合，产生杂交瘤细胞、用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法对杂交瘤细胞生长孔上清液进行检测，筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株．以有限稀释法克隆１～２次，得到６株分泌抗绵羊肺炎支原体抗原的单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）杂交瘤细胞株．选择抗体分泌较高的１４Ａ６、７Ａ２７、Ｂ３８进行了较详细的研究，结果表明，其核内染色体数为９４～９６．抗体属性是：１株为ＩｇＧ２ａ、２株为ＩｇＧ１．用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法对３株ＭｃＡｂ作符异性分析、该ＭｃＡｂ只特异地与绵羊肺炎支原体抗原发生反应，而不与猪肺炎支原体、山羊无乳症支原体抗原发生反应．将杂交瘤细胞注射ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠诱生腹水．其抗体效价提高１００倍．杂交瘤细胞在液氮中保存１～２年后复苏仍能稳定地分泌抗绵羊肺炎支原体ＭｃＡｂ。     

抗传染性法氏囊病病毒单克隆抗体的特性研究

应用杂交瘤技术获得了１３ 株抗传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ） 的单克隆抗体（ ＭｃＡｂ） ,经过检测其中有９ 株ＭｃＡｂｓ 为ＩｇＧ 类, ４ 株为Ｉｇ Ｍ , 这些ＭｃＡｂｓ 与新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ） 、传染性支气管炎病毒 （ＩＢＶ） 和马立克氏病病毒（ ＭＤＶ） 均无交叉反应, 病毒中和试验表明, 有５株ＭｃＡｂｓ 具有中和活性,Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ － ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ 试验表明, 这５ 株有中和活性的ＭｃＡｂｓ 识别的抗原位点在ＶＰ２ 。传染性法氏囊病最早于１９５７ 年发现于美国东部特拉华州的甘博罗（Ｇｕ ｍ ｂｏｒｏ） 地区,１９６２ 年由Ｃｏｓｇｒｏｖｅ 首次报道, 此后该病相继在全世界许多国家和地区广泛流行。本试验对通过淋巴细胞杂交瘤获得的１３ 株单克隆抗体进行了生物学特性鉴定, 以期应用于对ＩＢＤ 的研究, 现将试验情况报告如下。     

分泌抗猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的制备与鉴定

用纯化的猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒(PRRSV)免疫Balb／c小鼠，应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术．取脾细胞与NSn骨髓瘤细胞融合，经间接ELISA筛选，3次有限稀释法克隆，得到1株能稳定分泌抗猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株：6Pg。经鉴定，该单抗为IgG1亚类，杂交瘤细胞的平均染色体数目为99条，杂交瘤细胞培养上清及小鼠腹水单克隆抗体的ELISA效价分别为1：256和1：20480。经Western-blot鉴定为针对N蛋白的单抗。6Pn株单克隆抗体与伪狂犬病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪细小病毒均不发生交叉反应，显示出良好的特异性。连续培养20代后能稳定分泌抗体。此单克隆抗体的获得为PRRSV的研究及快速诊断方法的建立奠定了基础。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Clinical chemistry of companion avian species: a review

Birds have evolved alternate physiologic strategies to contend with dehydration, starvation, malnutrition, and reproduction. Basic anatomic and functional differences between birds and mammals impact clinical chemistry values and their evaluation. Interpretation of the results of standard biochemical analyses, including BUN, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, gamma glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, ammonia, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, bile acids, glucose, albumin, globulins, calcium, phosphorus, prealbumin (transthyretin), fibrinogen, iron, and ferritin, is reviewed and discussed in relation to these physiological differences. The use and interpretation of alternative analytes appropriate for avian species, such as uric acid, biliverdin, glutamate dehydrogenase, and galactose clearance, also are reviewed. Normal avian urine and appropriate use of urinalysis, an integral part of laboratory diagnosis in mammalian species that frequently is omitted from avian diagnostic protocols, is discussed.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Studies on some biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus of buffalo mammary origin

A total of 49 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus of buffalo mammary origin were studied for biochemical characteristics. Coagulase production, clumping factor, haemolytic activity, pigment production and fermentation of maltose and mannitol were employed to differentiate S. aureus from S. hyicus and S. intermedius. Out of 49 isolates, 97.95, 93.87, 93.87, 89.79, 95.91, 100.0, 95.91, 59.18, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0, 89.79, 91.83 and 100.0% isolates were positive for coagulase production, protein-A production, haemolysin production, thermostable nuclease production, deoxyribonuclease production, tellurite reduction, nitrate reduction, lipase production, phosphatase production, mannitol fermentation, glucose fermentation, M.R. test, V.P. test and pigment production respectively. The only isolate from which coagulase production could not be detected, however, showed haemolytic activity, protein-A productivity, pigmentation and mannitol fermentation. One of the protein-A negative isolate was coagulase positive and showed mennitol fermentation, pigmentation and haemolytic activity. The study revealed that the biochemical characteristics of S. aureus of buffalo mammary origin did not differ from those of cattle origin. Coagulase, haemolysin, thermostable nuclease, deoxyribonuclease, phosphatase, lipase, tellurite and nitrate reduction closely related with protein-A. The presence of protein-A seems to be as reliable an indicator for S. aureus of buffalo origin as is coagulase production.     

几种草坪草和牧草在兰州地区的引种适应性研究

国外引进的6个优良草坪草品种：Bardur(百舵)、Barfina(百妃娜)、Barcotsa、Barkole(百克星)、BarLp95-1和BarPc74及牧草品种——紫花苜蓿三得利(Sanditi)在中国兰州(寒冷半干旱带)进行品种的评定和适应性研究,结果表明：除在气候异常、高温多雨的夏季,Barcorsa表现不佳外,6个草坪草品种适宜在中国寒冷半干旱带推广;紫花苜蓿三得利(Sanditi)的植株高大,产量高、抗寒、抗倒伏,与当地品种相比,优势明显;并且在兰州地区1年刈割4次,可收到更好的增产效果。     

哺乳期犊牛健康管理

哺乳期犊牛是奶牛生命周期的开始,也是奶牛整个生命周期中最为脆弱的阶段,其健康状况可直接影响牧场的可持续发展和经营效率。在哺乳期,犊牛可面临多种疾病的挑战,但消化道疾病和呼吸道疾病是全球奶牛养殖业面临的共性问题。本文对哺乳期犊牛健康状况、初乳管理、犊牛腹泻和呼吸道疾病的管理进行了梳理,并对其防控提出了建议。初乳管理方面分析了影响初乳质量的因素、初乳储存与处理和饲喂管理;犊牛健康管理部分叙述了产圈管理、饲养环境和饲喂方式、营养及饲喂管理、疫苗免疫、通风、疾病早期诊断、应激管理和患犊管理。     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

基于网络药理学分析桑叶增强鸡抗氧化功能的作用机制

利用中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)和herb数据库检索收集桑叶的化学成分和靶点,运用Cytoscape3.7.2软件、NCBI数据库、STRING数据库构建并分析桑叶化合物-靶点网络和蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,并对靶点进行GO富集和KEGG通路富集分析,藉以分析桑叶增强鸡抗氧化功能的作用机理。结果表明,共筛选到槲皮素、芦丁、山柰酚、β-谷甾醇、β-胡萝卜素和花生四烯酸等30个有效活性成分,这些成分作用于221个靶点。其中IL-6、VEGFA、EGF、INS、CAT、CASP3、CCND1、PTGS2、IL-1B和MMP9等为核心靶点。GO功能富集和KEGG通路分析显示靶点的作用涉及分子功能、生物过程和细胞组成3个方面,并参与到NOD样受体信号通路、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路、细胞凋亡等多条代谢通路。本研究表明,理论上桑叶基于IL-6、VEGFA、EGF、INS、CAT、CASP3、CCND1、PTGS2、IL-1B和MMP9等靶点可以调控鸡的抗氧化作用,为进一步的试验验证及桑叶作为抗氧化功能饲料添加剂的开发提供了启示。     

CT features of malignant tubular genital tract tumors in seven goats

Neoplasia of the tubular genital tract in goats, while rarely described, is most commonly reported as uterine adenocarcinoma, leiomyoma, or leiomyosarcoma. In this retrospective, single-center, case series, medical records were searched for goats with a computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of tubular genital mass and a definitive histologic (surgical biopsy or necropsy) diagnosis of malignant neoplasia. Data recorded from CT images were presence of peritoneal/retroperitoneal fluid, urinary tract obstruction, abdominal lymphadenomegaly, additional abdominal nodules/masses, and pulmonary nodules. For masses, maximum cross-sectional area, contrast enhancement, and uterine luminal fluid accumulation were also recorded. Seven goats met the inclusion criteria (leiomyosarcoma n = 5, adenocarcinoma n = 2). Both goats with adenocarcinoma had upper urinary tract obstruction, moderate to severe regional lymphadenopathy, peritoneal fluid, and peritoneal or hepatic nodules/masses; one goat with adenocarcinoma was discharged and subsequently euthanized, and the other had palliative mass debulking and was lost to follow up. Goats with leiomyosarcoma had infrequent, mild peritoneal fluid and mild sublumbar lymphadenopathy. Of the goats with leiomyosarcoma, two were euthanized at or near the time of CT imaging, two were euthanized at the time of surgery due to perceived mass non-resectability, and one had mass regression approximately four months post ovariohysterectomy but was subsequently lost to follow up. Five goats had pulmonary nodules, three of which had pathologic confirmation (pulmonary metastasis in a single patient with adenocarcinoma, and lungworm granulomas in two goats with leiomyosarcoma). Severe sublumbar lymphadenopathy and obstructive uropathy were sequelae in the two caprine patients with genital adenocarcinoma, and in none with leiomyosarcoma.     

QUANTITATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE NORMAL FELINE CRANIAL ABDOMEN

Magnetic resonance images of the cranial abdomen were acquired from 15 clinically normal cats. All cats had T1-weighted images, 8 cats had T2-images made and 7 cats had T1-weighted post Gd-DTPA images acquired. Signal intensity measurements for T1, T2, and T1 post contrast sequences were calculated for liver, spleen, gallbladder, renal cortex, renal medulla, pancreas, epaxial muscles, and peritoneal fat. On T1-weighted images the epaxial muscle had the lowest signal intensity, followed by renal medulla, spleen, renal cortex, pancreas, liver and fat, respectively. On T2-weighted images, epaxial muscle had the lowest signal intensity followed by liver, spleen, fat, and gallbladder lumen. Calculations of specific organ percent enhancement following contrast medium administration were made and compared with that reported in humans. A brief review of the potential clinical uses of MR in cats is presented.