番茄褪绿病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR方法

根据番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,ToCV)热激蛋白70(Hsp70)的基因序列,设计ToCV实时荧光定量PCR特异引物。利用重组质粒ToCV-1为标准品建立SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量方法。针对引物浓度、退火温度、特异性、灵敏度、重复性和稳定性进行系列优化。结果表明,最适退火温度为63℃,最适引物浓度为0.3μmol·L~(-1)。熔解曲线为特异性单峰,表明其特异性良好。建立的SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR较常规PCR灵敏100倍,且具有良好的重复性和稳定性。基于SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR技术建立的ToCV检测方法,速度快、特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可以用于ToCV的定量检测。     

甜瓜黄斑病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR方法

为建立检测甜瓜黄斑病毒(melon yellow spot virus, MYSV)的SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法。基于MYSV核衣壳蛋白基因保守序列设计qPCR特异性引物对,针对引物退火温度、引物浓度、特异性和敏感性进行系列优化。结果显示,优化后的qPCR方法最适退火温度为61.3℃,最适引物浓度为0.65μmol·L^-1,特异性强,灵敏度高,比PCR高100倍。以携带目的基因片段的重组质粒为标准品,构建的qPCR标准曲线循环阈值与模板浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 7。实验样品验证表明建立的qPCR方法可用于MYSV的定量检测。     

三种分子检测体系的比较及柑橘果园黄龙病监测

为了评价3种PCR分子检测体系对柑橘黄龙病(citrus huanglongbing,HLB)大田诊断效果,综合比较了常规PCR、巢式PCR和SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR(SG Ⅰ-qPCR)方法对柑橘黄龙病菌检测的灵敏度、特异性和准确度等参数,并用SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR和巢式PCR监测广西柑橘园疑似HLB样品425个,比较了2种检测体系的阳性检出率。基于CQULA04F/CQULA04R引物对的SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR的灵敏度可达10 ag/μL;而巢式PCR灵敏度为100 ag/μL,巢式PCR较常规PCR检测灵敏度高104倍。疑似样品的HLB病原SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR和巢式PCR检出率分别为46.6%、40.0%。各检测体系的灵敏性、特异性、符合度依次为SYBRGreen Ⅰ荧光定量PCR>巢式PCR>常规PCR。研究表明,SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR可作为果园大规模HLB早期诊断和监测的首选,而在缺乏定量检测仪器时,巢式PCR也可用于HLB的检测,但需注意避免空气污染导致的假阳性。     

西番莲中夜来香花叶病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

夜来香花叶病毒(telosma mosaic virus, TeMV)是对西番莲危害较大的一种病毒病原。根据病毒末端结合蛋白(VPg)序列设计引物, 建立了以Vpg-334F/506R为特异性引物, 退火温度54℃, 引物浓度0.6 μmol/L的SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。该方法可特异性扩增TeMV基因组6 483~6 675 nt区域, 所得标准曲线扩增效率为102.77%, 决定系数为0.996 1, 最低检测浓度为2.370×10 2 拷贝/μL, 灵敏度是普通PCR的1 000倍。应用该方法对接种TeMV的西番莲进行检测, 发现接种3 d后可在叶片中检测到TeMV, 定量分析不同温度下TeMV在叶片中的积累, 发现26~28℃下病毒积累速度最快, 且植株症状表现与病毒积累量密切相关。对赣南地区采集的76份西番莲田间样品进行检测, 共检出71份阳性样品, 检出率为93.4%。综上, 本研究建立的实时荧光定量PCR方法特异性强, 灵敏度高, 适于TeMV的快速检测。     

利用Real-time RT-PCR方法检测苹果中苹果茎沟病毒

以含有苹果茎沟病毒(Apple stem grooving virus,ASGV)的苹果枝条为试材,设计扩增产物片段为176 bp的特异性引物,优化反应条件,构建标准曲线,建立了苹果茎沟病毒的SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法.对该方法进行了灵敏度和重复性试验,并且利用建立的方法对受ASGV感染的苹果枝条和树叶进行定量检测.最后,比较了实时荧光定量RT-PCR与常规RT-PCR检测的灵敏度.结果表明:样品的荧光定量PCR有良好的扩增曲线和溶解曲线,该方法的灵敏度可达6.8× 102拷贝/μL,检测其灵敏度是传统RT-PCR的100倍,所建立的荧光定量技术可用于田间样品中此病毒的检测,丰富了ASGV的检测手段,提高了检测灵敏度,具有较好的应用前景.     

枣疯病植原体TaqMan探针实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据枣疯病植原体16S rDNA基因保守区域设计、合成特异性引物和TaqMan探针, 以构建的重组质粒作为阳性标准品, 建立并优化了对枣疯病植原体的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。对优化后的方法进行灵敏度、特异性及稳定性评价, 制作了标准曲线。结果显示, 制作的标准曲线有极好的线性关系, 相关系数( r 2 )达到0.998, 建立的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法能够特异性地检测枣疯病植原体, 能检测到60拷贝的质粒DNA。本研究建立的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法灵敏度、特异性、重复性好, 不仅能够实现对枣疯病植原体的快速检测, 而且为实现从病原定量水平上对枣疯病病情分级奠定了基础。     

梨火疫病菌的实时荧光PCR检测

 根据梨火疫病菌16S~23S间的ITS保守序列,设计并合成了一对特异性引物REA/FEA,应用荧光染料SYBR Green I,对10个梨火疫的菌株和其它相关参试菌株进行了检测。结果表明,10个梨火疫菌株都产生荧光信号而其它参试菌株都不产生荧光信号,成功建立了梨火疫病菌的实时荧光PCR检测方法。整个检测过程只需3h,完全闭管,降低了污染的机会,无需PCR后处理。检测的灵敏度是4个菌体细胞,比常规PCR电泳检测提高了10倍。用该特异性引物对梨枝条浸泡液进行实时荧光PCR检测,结果可特异性检测到目标菌的存在,并且检测的灵敏度是24个菌体细胞,比常规PCR电泳检测提高10倍。     

利用实时荧光定量PCR 技术检测油菜菌核病菌

 采用高通量实时荧光定量PCR 技术建立检测和监测油菜菌核病菌群体数量的方法。利用油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotiniasclerotiorum)的茁-微管蛋白基因内含子序列的特异性,设计引物对SclSF (5'-CTCAAATCTCCGAAAGTT -3') / SclAF (5'-TGCAGACGGGTAATATG -3'),建立和优化了SYBR Green 玉实时荧光定量PCR 检测体系。结果表明,该引物对能够从8种所测试的十字花科植物常见病原真菌中特异性扩增出油菜菌核病菌;所建立的实时定量PCR 技术可应用于油菜病叶和病茎中菌核病菌的早期检测及菌核病的预测预报。     

柑桔溃疡病菌实时荧光定量PCR检测与应用

根据地毯草黄单孢Xac306菌株(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri,Xac306)已知全基因组中独有蛋白基因序列设计的特异性引物对和探针,建立并优化SYBR Green I(SGI)荧光染料和Taq-Man探针实时荧光定量PCR检测体系,用于柑桔溃疡病早期诊断鉴定。结果表明,建立的两种定量PCR体系均能特异地检出Xac的细胞和其基因组DNA,而对其它测试的植物病原菌和柑桔表面的腐生黄单孢菌都不能检出。SGI法和TaqMan探针法对Xac细菌悬浮液的检测灵敏度均可达到1~5个细菌/反应,对Xac靶标片段DNA的检测灵敏度可达1fg/μL。两种定量PCR检测方法比常规PCR灵敏度高2~3个数量级。对田间采集的328个柑桔显症、疑似症状和无症带菌材料富集培养样品进行了实际检测,结果表明,实时荧光PCR适合柑桔无症带菌样品的早期检测。     

基于TaqMan MGB探针的可可花瘿病菌快速检测方法

可可花瘿病菌是一种我国进境植物检疫性真菌?本文根据可可花瘿病菌EF1α基因的保守序列, 设计并合成1对特异性的实时荧光PCR引物和1条TaqMan MGB探针, 建立了可可花瘿病菌的实时荧光PCR检测方法?特异性试验结果表明, 该检测方法能够特异性检出可可花瘿病菌; 实时荧光PCR优化反应条件为引物终浓度0.2 μmol/L, 探针终浓度0.6 μmol/L; 灵敏度试验结果表明, 20 μL反应体系中可可花瘿病菌DNA含量最低检测限为10 pg; 重复性试验结果表明, 该检测方法的重复性和稳定性良好; 接种试验样品检测结果表明, 该方法可用于疑似携带可可花瘿病菌样品的检测与初筛?本文建立的方法具有良好的灵敏性?特异性和应用性, 为可可花瘿病菌早期快速检测提供了一种有效手段?     

Comparison of PCR assays for detection and quantification of Phomopsis sclerotioides in plant and soil

We developed a real-time PCR assay using a TaqMan probe (TM-qPCR) for specific detection and quantification of Phomopsis sclerotioides, causal agent of black root rot of cucurbit crops. The design of the primer sets and hybridization probe was based on the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA. The TM-qPCR assay was compared with a conventional, standard PCR (sPCR) assay and on a quantitative real-time PCR (SG-qPCR) assay based on SYBR Green I. The TM-qPCR assay had a detection limit of ca. 0.4 fg of P. sclerotioides DNA, which was approximately 100 times more sensitive than the sPCR assay and almost equivalent to the SG-qPCR assay. The TM-qPCR and SG-qPCR assays both were able to detect various quantities of P. sclerotioides DNA from diseased plants and infested soils, including DNA levels that were not detectable by the sPCR assay. However, the TM-qPCR was advantageous for samples containing PCR-inhibiting substances because its multiplex real-time PCR function allows the adjustment of cycle threshold values with an internal control. Based on the high specificity and sensitivity required for analyzing DNA in natural samples, the newly developed TM-qPCR assay was the most reliable tool for rapidly detecting and quantifying P. sclerotioides in plant and soil samples.     

土壤大丽轮枝菌微菌核的快速定量检测

 微菌核是大丽轮枝菌在土壤中的主要存活结构和黄萎病的初侵染来源。对土壤中大丽轮枝菌微菌核进行定量是黄萎病监测和预警的基础。本研究以大丽轮枝菌Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)区特异性引物对P1/P2扩增产物的重组质粒为标准品,构建SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR反应的标准曲线,结合土样水筛法建立了土壤大丽轮枝菌微菌核定量检测体系。同时,建立了土壤中微菌核数量与棉花黄萎病发病率的关系模型。结果表明,实时定量PCR检测灵敏度比常规PCR高10倍,检测下限为1个微菌核/克土,在5.54×10²～5.54×10⁷copies范围内,DNA拷贝数的对数值与Ct值具有良好的线性关系。建立的土壤中微菌核个数n与Ct值之间的关系为n=e^7.3-Ct/3.905。温室人工接种微菌核数量与棉花黄萎病发病率间的线性关系为y=2.710n+0.251。     

Development of real-time PCR systems based on SYBR? Green I and TaqMan? technologies for specific quantitative detection of Phoma tracheiphila in infected Citrus

Real-time PCR assays based on SYBR? Green I and TaqMan? technologies were developed for in planta detection and quantification of Phoma tracheiphila, the mitosporic fungus causing ‘mal secco’ disease on citrus. Primers and a hybridization probe were designed on the basis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear rRNA genes. The real-time PCR assays were compared with a classic isolation method in two separate experiments carried out on 6 and 24 month-old sour orange seedlings, artificially inoculated with a conidial suspension of the pathogen. Both technologies made it possible to follow the progression of infection by P. tracheiphila, enabling detection and quantification of the target fungus prior to the development of symptoms. The detection limit was 10 copies of the cloned target sequence and 15 pg of genomic DNA extracted from fungal spores. The values of the cycle threshold (Ct) were linearly correlated with the concentration of the target DNA, indicating that the method is suitable as a qualitative and quantitative assay. The presence of non-target fungal DNA had no effect on the specificity of the assay, but resulted in a 10-fold reduction of sensitivity. Total inhibition of the reaction occurred when conidia of the target pathogen were mixed with an organic soil substrate before extracting DNA using the standard protocol, while an alternative purification kit resulted in a significant decrease in sensitivity. Compared to classic methods, real-time PCR proved faster and easier to perform and showed a higher sensitivity. These results suggest that real-time PCR, based on both chemistries, has a great potential for early diagnosis of ‘mal secco’ disease and for quantitative estimation of fungal growth within host tissue.     

利用常规PCR和实时荧光定量PCR检测杨梅凋萎病菌

凋萎病是近年来危害杨梅的主要病害。为了快速灵敏的检测杨梅凋萎病菌(Pestalotiopsis versicolor和P.microspora),本研究开发了常规PCR和SYBR Green实时荧光定量PCR技术各一套。利用P.versicolor(JN861773)和P.microspora(JN861776)的ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2序列的相同部分设计引物对(Pvm1L/Pvm1R)。该引物对利用常规PCR技术能特异性扩增出杨梅凋萎病菌188 bp的目标产物而对照菌株则呈阴性。该常规PCR体系能够检测人工接种后21 d和田间自然发病的有病症杨梅组织中的凋萎病菌,检测下限是0.6×10~5拷贝数。利用Pvm1L/Pvm1R进行SYBR Green实时荧光定量PCR,检测灵敏度是常规PCR的100倍,检测下限是0.6×10~3拷贝数,能够检测出人工接种及田间已经感染但尚未表现症状的杨梅组织中的凋萎病菌。这两项技术简单、快速、灵敏特异性强,可以应用于杨梅凋萎病的诊断和苗木检疫。     

玉米褪绿斑驳病毒3种PCR检测方法的建立与比较

 以带有玉米褪绿斑驳病毒(MCMV)的玉米叶片为材料,研究建立了MCMV 的普通RT-PCR、TaqMan 实时荧光RT-PCR 和SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光RT-PCR 检测方法,并比较了3种方法的灵敏度。结果表明:TaqMan 实时荧光RT-PCR 的检测灵敏度最高,最低检出量可达1.61 fg,SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光RT-PCR 略逊之,普通RT-PCR 的检测灵敏度则相对较低,与前两者相差10~100倍。     

SYBR Green real-time quantitative PCR for the specific detection and quantification of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ in field samples from New Zealand

Diseases of solanaceous crops caused by the phloem-limited bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso), vectored by the tomato potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli, pose a major economic threat to crop production. Lso is yet to be cultured and, therefore, effective control strategies depend heavily on the early detection of the pathogen via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. In this study, two new assays for the detection of Lso in New Zealand field samples were developed, and compared with previously available assays. Firstly, a single-tube semi-nested gel-based PCR assay was developed for the genus-specific detection of liberibacter species, and shown to provide increased sensitivity over standard and nested PCR. Secondly, a single-tube semi-nested SYBR Green real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was developed for the specific detection of Lso in field samples from New Zealand, with a limit of detection of five copies of the target gene per reaction. Semi-nested qPCR showed similar sensitivity compared with TaqMan qPCR with the primer-probe combination LsoF-HLBpr and was 10- to 50-fold more sensitive than the conventional PCR assays tested. Quantification of titre in Lso-affected tubers by SYBR Green qPCR revealed a positive relationship between pathogen titre and the discolouration of fried tuber slices, a symptom indicative of Lso infection. Quantification of Lso in field samples of potato and tomato also revealed many samples with titres below the limit of detection of conventional PCR. The observation of low-titre samples demonstrated the utility of SYBR Green qPCR for detection of Lso, as in addition to increased sensitivity melt-curve analysis enables confirmation of qPCR data by identifying false positive results.     

番茄褐色皱果病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立和应用

根据番茄褐色皱果病毒(tomato brown rugose fruit virus,ToBRFV)外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)的保守基因序列设计l对特异性引物,建立了基于SYBR Green Ⅰ的ToBRFV实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法,并对其进行了特异性、灵敏度检测,对自然感染ToBRFV的番茄、辣椒...