绿Chen树吉丁虫

加拿大食品检验局(CFIA)发布的D-03-08号指令“‘防止绿Chen树吉丁虫(Agrlus planipennis(Fairmaire))传入加拿大并在加拿大扩散的植物卫生要求(Phytosanitary Requirements to Prevent the Introduction into and Spread within Canada of the Emerald Ash     

可克达拉市白蜡树蛀干害虫发生为害情况调查

白蜡树是可克达拉市园林绿化主要树种之一,在行道树中具有较高的占比,但近年来饱受蛀干害虫的不断侵扰。为明确可克达拉市白蜡树蛀干害虫为害情况,对白蜡树蛀干害虫进行了调查研究。经过调查共发现4种蛀干害虫,分别是小线角木蠹蛾Streltzoviella insularis(Staudinger)、白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire、咖啡脊虎天牛Xylotrechus grayii White和白蜡外齿茎蜂Stenocephus fraxini Wei。其中小线角木蠹蛾、白蜡外齿茎蜂和咖啡脊虎天牛均是新疆新记录种。白蜡窄吉丁和小线角木蠹蛾发生相对普遍且为害严重;白蜡外齿茎蜂在多数白蜡树都有观察到,主要为害上部枝梢;咖啡脊虎天牛仅在2株白蜡树上发现。     

2012年USDA对白蜡窄吉丁的监测调查

美国农业部(USDA)2012年对白蜡窄吉丁(Agrilus planipennis)的监测调查与2011年类似,但2012年将使用制作加工的诱捕器对已知和未知白蜡窄吉丁发生的地区进行监测。基于计算机模型和风险分析,     

Estimation of the quantity of aeolian saltation sediments blown into the Yellow River from the Ulanbuh Desert,China

The Ulanbuh Desert borders the upper reach of the Yellow River.Every year,a mass of aeolian sand is blown into the Yellow River by the prevailing wind and the coarse aeolian sand results in serious silting in the Yellow River.To estimate the quantity of aeolian sediments from the Ulanbuh Desert blown into the Yellow River,we simulated the saltation processes of aeolian sediments in the Ulanbuh Desert.Then we used a saltation submodel of the IWEMS(Integrated Wind-Erosion Modeling System)and its accompanying RS(Remote Sensing)and GIS(Geographic Information System)modules to estimate the quantity of saltation sediments blown into the Yellow River from the Ulanbuh Desert.We calibrated the saltation submodel by the synchronous observation to wind velocity and saltation sediments on several points with different vegetation cover.The vegetation cover,frontal area of vegetation,roughness length,and threshold friction velocity in various regions of the Ulanbuh Desert were obtained using NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)data,measured sand-particle sizes,and empirical relationships among vegetation cover,sand-particle diameters,and wind velocity.Using these variables along with the observed wind velocities and saltation sediments for the observed points,the saltation model was validated.The model results were shown to be satisfactory(RMSE less than 0.05 and|Re|less than 17%).In this study,a subdaily wind-velocity program,WINDGEN,was developed using this model to simulate hourly wind velocities around the Ulanbuh Desert.By incorporating simulated hourly wind-velocity and wind-direction data,the quantity of saltation sediments blown into the Yellow River was calculated with the saltation submodel.The annual quantity of aeolian sediments blown into the Yellow River from the Ulanbuh Desert was 5.56×106t from 2001 to 2010,most of which occurred in spring(from March to May);for example,6.54×105tons of aeolian sand were blown into the Yellow River on 25 April,2010.However,in summer and winter,the saltation process occasionally occurred.This research has supplied some references to prevent blown sand hazards and silting in the Yellow River.     

Effects of drip and flood irrigation on carbon dioxide exchange and crop growth in the maize ecosystem in the Hetao Irrigation District,China

Drip irrigation and flood irrigation are major irrigation methods for maize crops in the Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. This research delves into the effects of these irrigation methods on carbon dioxide(CO₂) exchange and crop growth in this region. The experimental site was divided into drip and flood irrigation zones. The irrigation schedules of this study aligned with the local commonly used irrigation schedule. We employed a developed chamber s...     

水稻条纹病毒NS2基因原核表达产物多克隆抗体制备及受侵染水稻和灰飞虱体内NS2检测

 The NS2 gene of Rice stripe virus (RSV) was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned into pGEM-T vector and sequenced. The NS2 gene was inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pET32a to produce recombinant plasmid pET32a-NS2. The recombinant plasmid was introduced into Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) pLysS. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis confirmed that NS2 fusion protein was expressed after induction by IPTG. The recombinant NS2 protein was purified with Ni²⁺-NTA agarose affinity chromatography and the polyclonal antibody against NS2 protein was raised in rabbit. NS2 protein was successfully detected in small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) at 1:1 600 dilution of the total protein of single planthopper and in infected rice (Oryza sativa) at 1:800 dilution of 10 mg leave by dot immunobinding assay using the polyclonal antibody.     

Regional partitioning of agricultural non-point source pollution in China using a projection pursuit cluster model

A projection pursuit cluster(PPC) model was used to analyze the regional partitioning of agricultural non-point source pollution in China.The environmental factors impacting the agricultural non-point source pollution were compiled into a projection index to set up the projection index function.A novel optimization algorithm called Free search(FS) was introduced to optimize the projection direction of the PPC model.By making the appropriate improvements as we explored the use of the algorithm,it became simpler,and developed better exploration abilities.Thus,the multi-factor problem was converted into a single-factor cluster,according to the projection,which successfully avoided subjective disturbance and produced objective results.The cluster results of the PPC model mirror the actual regional partitioning of the agricultural non-point source pollution in China,indicating that the PPC model is a powerful tool in multi-factor cluster analysis,and could be a new method for the regional partitioning of agricultural non-point source pollution.     

来源于新疆的3 个苹果褪绿叶斑病毒分离物的分子变异研究

Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) isolates from Korla pear (KI-2), New pear no. 7 (XI-1) and Red Fuji apple (API-4) were collected from XinJiang and characterized by analyzing sequences of their near genomic 3忆-terminal. The RT-PCR products were cloned, and analyzed by single-strand conforma-tion polymorphism (SSCP). Eight out of 39 collected positive clones showing different SSCP patterns were sequenced. The results showed that the amplified products had sizes ranging 676 - 703 bp, including partial coat protein (CP) gene (506 bp, accounts for 87% of the complete cp gene) and 3忆-terminal non-coding re-gion (3忆NCR) sequences. The cp gene sequences from isolate KI-2 showed a high intra-isolate divergence,with 84. 8% - 85. 4% identities at the nucleotide (nt) level, and the intra-isolate identities were 99. 8 % and 92.5% - 99. 8 % for isolate XI-1 and API-4, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis on the nt sequences of cpgene showed that the analyzed ACLSV variants from three isolates fell into two different clusters. A variant KI-2-6 from KI-2 was clustered into a group with an apple isolate aclsv-c from China and a plum isolated from France, and all other variants fell into a large cluster. The 3忆NCR sequences of these variants were identical ranging 80. 6% - 100 % .     

甘蔗黄叶病毒复制酶基因的克隆及序列分析

 The gene of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) was cloned by RT-PCR from Sugarcane yellow leaf virus-Fuzhou isolate (CHN-FJ1) and then cloned into pMD18-T vector. The sequence showed that the fragment comprised 1 212 nucleotides including part gene of ORF1 and ORF2. The ORF2 was involved the RdRP gene consisted of 995 nucleotides and encoded putative protein of 331 amino acids. Compared the nucleo-tide sequence and encoded putative protein of CHN-FJ1 with the other isolates from different countries, they shared the homology above 92.0%. Phylogenetic tree suggested that the sixteen isolates were classified into four types according to the amino acid sequence of the RdRP. One of the groups contained CHN-FJ1 and the other isolates from China, American, Brazil, Australia and Colombia;however, there was the closest relation between CHN-FJ1 and BRA-YL1 isolate from Brazil.     

泰山黑虎峪灯下金龟甲种群结构及其发生动态研究

2015年4—11月,在山东省泰安市泰山林场黑虎峪区域防火检查站处设置虫情测报灯,系统诱集金龟甲并鉴定种类,分析金龟甲种群的发生动态。结果表明,黑虎峪区域内测报灯诱到金龟甲标本1349号,隶属4科17种。植食性14种,占种群发生总量的98.15%,腐食性3种,占种群发生总量的1.85%。金龟甲从5月至10月上旬均有发生,7月上旬金龟甲发生量达到全年最高。通过相对多度的分析,优势种类有阔胫玛绢金龟(Maladera verticalis Fairmaire)、小黄鳃金龟(Metabolus flavescens Brenske)、铜绿异丽金龟(Anomala corpulenta Motsehulsiy)、东方绢金龟(Maladela orietalis Motschulsky)和小阔胫玛绢金龟(Maladera ovatula Fairmaire)5种。优势种群发生动态相似程度高,发生盛期集中在6月下旬、7月上旬。     

Spatiotemporal changes of gross primary productivity and its response to drought in the Mongolian Plateau under climate change

Gross primary productivity(GPP) of vegetation is an important constituent of the terrestrial carbon sinks and is significantly influenced by drought. Understanding the impact of droughts on different types of vegetation GPP provides insight into the spatiotemporal variation of terrestrial carbon sinks, aiding efforts to mitigate the detrimental effects of climate change. In this study, we utilized the precipitation and temperature data from the Climatic Research Unit, the standardized precipitat...     

小叶金鸡耳是豆荚螟的寄主

鲜黄鳃金龟(Metaboluo impressifros Fairmaire)过去定名为:(Miridiba Koreana Niijma et Kinoshita)在山东、河北、辽宁、吉林等省分布很广,其幼虫是为害农林作物的一种主要蛴螬。近年来,在我省不少地区日趋严重,局部地区已上升为优势种,在辽南地区秋季为害更重。     

河北省夏玉米上的新害虫--玉米异跗萤叶甲

据河北省农作物病虫监测网监测,2004年6月下旬在廊坊市香河及石家庄市北部地区夏玉米上发现一种新害虫--玉米异跗萤叶甲[Apophyliaflavovirens(Fairmaire)].     

Precipitation changes in the mid-latitudes of the Chinese mainland during 1960–2014

Based on daily precipitation data from 163 meteorological stations, this study investigated precipitation changes in the mid-latitudes of the Chinese mainland(MCM) during 1960–2014 using the climatic trend coefficient, least-squared regression analysis, and a non-parametric Mann-Kendall test.According to the effects of the East Asian summer monsoon on the MCM and the climatic trend coefficient of annual precipitation during 1960–2014, we divided the MCM into the western MCM and eastern MCM. The western MCM was further divided into the western MCM1 and western MCM2 in terms of the effects of the East Asian summer monsoon. The main results were as follows:(1) During the last four decades of the 20~(th) century, the area-averaged annual precipitation presented a significant increasing trend in the western MCM, but there was a slight decreasing trend in the eastern MCM, where a seesaw pattern was apparent. However, in the 21~(st) century, the area-averaged annual precipitation displayed a significant increasing trend in both the western and eastern MCM.(2) The trend in area-averaged seasonal precipitation during 1960–2014 in the western MCM was consistent with that in the eastern MCM in winter and spring. However, the trend in area-averaged summer precipitation during1960–2014 displayed a seesaw pattern between the western and eastern MCM.(3) On an annual basis,both the trend in rainstorms and heavy rain displayed a seesaw pattern between the western and eastern MCM.(4) The precipitation intensity in rainstorms, heavy rain, and moderate rain made a greater contribution to changes in the total precipitation than precipitation frequency. The results of this study will improve our understanding of the trends and differences in precipitation changes in different areas of the MCM. This is not only useful for the management and mitigation of flood disasters, but is also beneficial to the protection of water resources across the MCM.     

LAND DESERTIFICATION(DEGRADATION) AND ITS CONTROL IN LOWER REACH REGION OF HEIHE RIVER

<正> The lower reach of Heihe River, also known as Ejina River, was called Ruoshui Riverin ancient times. This area, although fallen into extremely arid temperate desert in the EjinaBanner, Inner Mongolia, has been a main line of communication since then and formed thefertile Ejina Oasis relying on the water source flowing from the Qilian mountains. However,in the recent years the land desertification (degradation) in this area has developed rapidly,     

引起玉米粗缩病的水稻黑条矮缩病毒山东分离物的分子特性

 Four isolates of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) were collected from the maize plants showing rough dwarf symptom in Linyi and Tai'an,Shandong province.The S10 genomic sequences of these isolates were determined and compared with those of 14 other RBSDV isolates.All of the four sequences were 1 801 base pairs (bp) long including the 5'-UTR of 21 bp and the 3'-UTR of 103 bp.They all contained an open reading frame of 1 677 bp (22-1698),encoding the coat protein (CP) of 558 amino acids.The sequences of these four RBSDV isolates and those of the major cp gene of 14 other isolates available in the GenBank were divided into two groups in the phylogenetic tree.Recombination analysis indicated that the isolate Lym2 was likely a recombinant of isolates Lym1 and Zhjs.     

锯木长蠹属4个近似种的鉴别

2011年7月,深圳出入境检验检疫局从阿根廷进口多刺苏木(Caesalpinia spp.)原木中检出我国未有分布记载的林木重要害虫——尖齿锯木长蠹(Xyloprista hexacantha(Fairmaire))。本文介绍了尖齿锯木长蠹、弯齿锯木长蠹(Xyloprista arcellata Lesne)、菲希锯木长蠹(Xyloprista fisheri Rai)、钝齿锯木长蠹(Xyloprista praemorsa Erichson)成虫的形态特征,并列出了这4个种的鉴别特征检索表。     

等离子体对小麦矮腥黑粉菌处理效果的扫描电镜观察

 Plasma treatment is a new physical sterilization technology.In this study the teliospores of Tilletia controversa Kühn(TCK) were treated with plasma,and then observed by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).The results showed that the teliospores were broken into pieces.It set up some bases for research on plasma treatment of masses of wheat seeds containing teliospores of TCK.     

The effect of total carbon on microscopic soil properties and implications for crop production

Soil structure is a dynamic property affected by physical, chemical, and microbiological processes. Addition of organic matter to soils and the use of different management practices have been reported to impact soil structure and crop production. Moderation in soil temperature and increases in microbial activity and soil water retention are often suggested as reasons for the rise in crop yield when organic matter is added to the soil. Less is known about the direct effect of changes in soil structure on crop production. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of summer cover crop and in-season management system on soil structure. The experiment was a nested design with summer cover crop as the main plot and management system as the subplot. Summer cover crop treatments included cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) incorporated into the soil in the fall (CI), cowpea used as mulch in the fall (CM), sudangrass (Sorghum vulgare) incorporated into the soil in the fall (S), and dry fallow or bare ground (B). Management systems were organic (ORG) and conventional (CNV) systems. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and cantaloupes (Cucumis melo L.) were cultivated in rotation in the plots for three consecutive years using the same cover crops and management systems for each plot. Disturbed and undisturbed soil cores were collected at the end of the third year and used for laboratory experiments to measure physical, chemical, and hydraulic properties. Image analysis was used to quantify soil structure properties using a scanning electron microscope on thin sections prepared from the undisturbed soil cores. We found that total soil carbon was correlated with porosity, saturation percentage, and pore roughness. Pore roughness was correlated with crop production in general and with marketable production in particular. We found that the higher the complexity of the pore space, the more water retained in the soil, which may increase soil water residence and reduce plant water stress.