乙烯利体内致突变性研究

为测定乙烯利对人体健康的影响,采用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验分别检测了乙烯利对小鼠体细胞和生殖细胞的致突变性。3个实验组的微核发生率(6.13‰、9.13‰、11.25‰)与阴性对照组(2.88‰)比较,差异极显著(PP<0.05)。表明乙烯利对体细胞和生殖细胞有致突变性。     

乙烯利对昆明种小鼠的氧化应激作用

选用小鼠血清及脾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量为观察指标,从机体氧化和抗氧化系统是否失衡的角度研究了乙烯利的氧化应激作用。结果表明,乙烯利能明显降低小鼠血清及脾脏组织中SOD和GSH-Px的活性。其中:134,268 mg/kg bw剂量处理组血清SOD和GSH-Px活性分别降低了8.91% ,12.44%和4.18% ,8.54% ;268, 536 mg/kg bw剂量组脾脏SOD和GSH-Px活性分别降低了8.34% ,19.61%和9.72%,24.86% ;与对照组差异显著(PP<0.01)。结果显示,乙烯利能破坏小鼠机体氧化和抗氧化系统的平衡,引起氧化应激。     

40%乙烯利促进柑桔落果试验

通过在柑桔树上喷施乙烯利,促进柑桔落果,从而断绝柑桔大食蝇的产卵场所,使其断代,以达到逐步根除柑桔大食蝇的目的。一、材料与方法１．供试药剂：４０％乙烯利２．试验方法：该试验设三种不同浓度的处理：①４０％乙烯利１５０倍;②４０％乙烯利２００倍;③４０％乙烯利２５０倍。每处理设三个重复,每个重复定２株成年柑桔树,另设２株喷清水作对照,各种处理随机排列,用高压喷雾器从树冠上部向下均匀喷雾。施药时为晴天。３．施药时间：１９９７年７月１０日４．试验地点：成都市蒲江县朝阳湖管理站果园５．调查方法：施药后１天…     

生长调节剂对球孢白僵菌产孢和分生孢子性能的影响

球孢白僵菌在农林害虫生物防治中发挥着重要的作用,发酵周期和产孢量是其发酵工艺中的主要评价指标。本试验研究了生长调节剂对球孢白僵菌JG-17菌株产孢的促进作用。结果表明,通过外源法在菌落表层施用微量乙烯利,可以明显提高菌株JG-17的产孢量,以对8日菌龄表层施用100 ng/cm²乙烯利处理最佳,产孢量为未处理对照的6.28倍。经乙烯利处理后形成的分生孢子,其耐热性、抗紫外线能力和对靶标害虫的杀虫活性与未处理对照没有显著性差异。在白僵菌培养过程中科学施用乙烯利,可有效提高白僵菌的产孢效率,研究为真菌生物农药工业化生产的效率提升提供了新的思路。     

催熟番茄中的乙烯利残留量及产品品质分析

主要研究了不同催熟处理方式和不同处理浓度对番茄果实中乙烯利残留的影响,以及番茄主要成分含量的变化。采用乙烯利田间催熟和浸果催熟两种方式,并选择不同处理浓度,通过顶空气相色谱、液相色谱等分析方法对相关指标进行检测。结果表明,浸果催熟番茄中乙烯利残留量普遍较高,处理浓度在4 000 mg/L时已达1.98 mg/kg,而当处理浓度在6 000 mg/L时,无论是田间催熟或浸果催熟,乙烯利残留量均超出最大允许残留限量(MRL)值(2 mg/kg),分别为2.29、3.14 mg/kg。以2 000 mg/L乙烯利溶液浸果催熟后,番茄中番茄红素、Vc、总糖和可溶性固形物含量分别下降55.6％、13.6％、13.6％和7.1％;而有机酸含量无明显改变。揭示高浓度乙烯利催熟会导致番茄中乙烯利残留量超标,经乙烯利催熟后番茄品质会有所下降。     

乙烯利浸种对甘蔗根系多胺含量和叶片水势的影响

采用3种浓度乙烯利溶液(0、100、200 mg/L)分别对甘蔗新台糖22号(ROC22)、桂糖17号(GT17)和新台糖10号(ROC10)在下种前进行10 min浸种处理,测定根系中的多胺含量、多胺氧化酶活性、叶片水势及土壤含水量的变化。结果发现,在水分胁迫条件下蔗根精胺(Spm)、亚精胺(Spd)、腐胺(Put)大量积累,100、200 mg/L乙烯利浸种处理的ROC22和ROC10蔗根有较高的多胺含量(Spm、Spd、Put),而GT17则有较低的值,并且都有较低的多胺氧化酶活性;同时100、200 mg/L乙烯利浸种处理减缓水分胁迫时蔗叶组织水势的下降程度,尤以200mg/L乙烯利处理效果最好。试验表明乙烯利浸种可提高甘蔗品种的抗旱性。     

异型莎草和鸭舌草种子萌发条件研究

研究了0．1％升汞溶液、不同浓度赤霉素、不同浓度乙烯利在不同浸种时间、不同的培养基质中对异型莎草和鸭舌草种子发芽率的影响。试验结果证明，异型莎草以1／2MS 10mg/kg GA3的固体培养基，50mg/kg乙烯利浸种12h发芽率最高，达96．38％；鸭舌草以Harvais 0．1mg／kg乙烯利的固体培养基，50mg/kgGA3浸种12h发芽率最高，达89．6％。     

乙烯利催熟番茄应用现状及对品质的影响

系统分析了山东省8个地市番茄生产中利用乙烯利催熟现状,针对番茄生产中使用乙烯利存在的问题,设计乙烯利对番茄不同的处理方式和处理剂量,探讨乙烯利不同使用方式对番茄成熟和品质的影响。结果表明:涂抹花梗处理方式对番茄成熟品相和品质的影响最小,正常使用剂量情况下Vc含量降低4.35~5.89%,番茄红素含量降低8.77~9.78%,可溶性固形物含量降低2.45~3.17%;随着使用剂量的提高,对番茄成熟品相和品质的影响加大。     

乙烯利含量最新国家标准化学滴定分析方法的初探

本文讨论了化学滴定法测定乙烯利含量过程中,化学试剂氢氧化钠的纯度（即杂质NaCO3）对乙烯利含量的影响,并提出了对试剂和氢氧化钠标准溶液的要求。     

核桃中乙烯利农药残留分析方法

乙烯利,中文通用名为乙烯利,英文通用名为Ethephon,分子式为C_2H_6ClO_3P,是促进成熟的植物生长调节剂,广泛应用于坚果、水果和蔬菜中。通过实验建立了一种乙烯利在核桃中残留的分析方法,用0. 1%甲酸溶液超声振荡提取,C_(18)-SPE柱净化,LC-MS/MS方法对乙烯利在核桃中残留量进行定量分析。结果表明,该方法的定量限为0. 1mg/kg,乙烯利在0. 1～5. 0mg/kg添加水平,回收率为94%～105%,相对标准偏差为0. 82%～2. 64%。该方法的准确性和灵敏度均达到农药残留分析的要求,且实验方法操作简单。     

苯醚甲环唑亚急性经口暴露对大鼠卵巢功能的影响

苯醚甲环唑应用广泛，在食用农产品中存在残留超标现象，并在不孕女性人群血清和卵泡液中有检出。为探究苯醚甲环唑亚急性经口暴露后对卵巢功能的影响，本研究采用酶联免疫分析方法，测定了分别灌胃给予50、100和200 mg/(kg bw·d)剂量的苯醚甲环唑玉米油溶液后，大鼠血清中孕酮(P)和雌二醇(E2)含量的变化，并在对大鼠卵巢进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色后，通过光学显微镜观察统计了各级卵泡的数量。结果表明：苯醚甲环唑各剂量暴露组及对照组大鼠卵巢脏器系数均无显著性差异。200 mg/(kg bw·d)高剂量暴露组大鼠血清孕酮水平显著高于对照组(P <0.01),50和100 mg/(kg bw·d)剂量暴露组则与对照组无显著性差异，但均显著低于高剂量暴露组(P <0.05)；各剂量暴露组及对照组之间血清雌二醇水平均无显著性差异。从卵泡的发育情况看，200 mg/(kg bw·d)高剂量暴露组生长卵泡的占比显著高于对照组(P <0.05),50和100 mg/(kg bw·d)剂量暴露组则与对照组无显著性差异。研究表明，200 mg/(kg bw·d)剂量的苯醚甲环唑亚急性经...     

杀虫安对小鼠脑组织内神经递质的影响

研究了杀虫安经灌胃给药后对小鼠脑组织内多巴胺及氨基酸含量的影响。将60只ICR (美国癌症研究所)小鼠随机分为空白对照、杀虫安低剂量(200 mg/kg bw)及高剂量(300 mg/kg bw) 3个处理组,于灌胃后出现惊厥时断头取脑,采用高效液相色谱-电化学(HPLC-ECD)检测法测定了鼠脑组织内多巴胺(DA)及其代谢产物二羟苯乙酸(DOPAC)和高香草酸(HVA)的含量,采用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)法测定了氨基酸的含量。结果发现,两个剂量处理组鼠脑组织内DA及氨基酸含量与对照相比均有显著性差异。其中:DA比对照分别升高25.25%和31.93%(PPPPγ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量比对照降低32.55% (PP<0.05)。表明杀虫安导致惊厥时伴有鼠脑内多巴胺和氨基酸含量的变化。     

The effects of Saw palmetto on flumethrin-induced lipid peroxidation in rats

In the present study, 40 male Wistar albino rats were used and divided into 4 groups. The first group served as the control group; the second group was administered Saw palmetto extract at the dose of 20 mg/kg/bw; the third group was administered flumethrin at the dose of 15 mg/kg/bw; and the fourth group was administered a combination of 20 mg/kg/bw Saw palmetto extract and 15 mg/kg/bw flumethrin, for 21 days, orally. After the trial period, blood and tissue (liver, kidney and brain) samples were taken from the rats. Saw palmetto extract did not cause significant alterations in plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, serum and tissue nitric oxide (NO) levels, erythrocyte and tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities when compared to the controls (p > 0.05). Flumethrin led to increased plasma and tissue MDA levels, serum and tissue NO levels, tissue GSH-Px activities and decreased erythrocyte and tissue SOD and CAT activities, and erythrocyte GSH-Px activity, compared to the controls (p < 0.05). The flumethrin and Saw palmetto extract combination increased erythrocyte SOD activity and decreased brain GSH-Px activity as compared to flumethrin (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that Saw palmetto extract did not cause any negative effect on the prooxidant-antioxidant balance. While flumethrin stimulated lipid peroxidation; Saw palmetto extract at the dose of 20 mg/kg/bw did not exhibit enough antioxidant effect in rats.     

三种有机磷农药胚胎期暴露对新生鼠脑组织结构的影响

探讨了3种常用的有机磷农药胚胎期暴露对新生鼠脑组织结构的影响。在母鼠妊娠期7.5～11.5 d时,连续5 d每天分别经皮下注射2 mg/kg bw的二嗪磷(diazinon)、2 mg/kg bw的毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)及50 mg/kg bw乙酰甲胺磷(acephate),显微镜下观察并计数大脑皮层S1区胶质细胞和神经元数量及比率,以及海马CA1、CA3区锥体细胞的数量及体积密度。结果表明,二嗪磷与毒死蜱处理分别使得大脑皮层S1区胶质细胞数减少了14.29%和21.43%;毒死蜱处理导致胶质细胞与神经元比率下降了24.19%;二嗪磷与毒死蜱处理后海马CA1区锥体细胞数量分别下降了9.30％与20.93％,毒死蜱处理后锥体细胞体积密度下降了27.05％;二嗪磷与毒死蜱处理后海马CA3区锥体细胞数量分别下降了22.22％和19.44％,锥体细胞体积密度分别下降了23.54％和18.98％;而乙酰甲胺磷对新生鼠大脑皮层与海马细胞均无明显影响。     

Methyl parathion induced nephrotoxicity in male rats and protective role of vitamins C and E

Methyl parathion is an organophosphate insecticide that has been used in agriculture and domestic for several years. Vitamin C (200 mg/kg bw per day) + vitamin E (200 mg/kg bw per day), methyl parathion (0.28 mg/kg bw per day) and vitamin C (200 mg/kg bw per day) + vitamin E (200 mg/kg bw per day) + methyl parathion (0.28 mg/kg bw per day) combination were given to rats orally via gavage for 7 weeks. Body and kidney weights, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological changes were investigated at the end of 4th and 7th weeks comparatively with control group. When methyl parathion-treated group and vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated group were compared to control group body and kidney weights decreased significantly at the end of 4th and 7th weeks. MDA levels increased in kidney tissues of the methyl parathion- and vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated groups compared to control group. MDA levels decreased significantly in vitamins C and E + methyl parathion treated group compared with methyl parathion treated group at the end of 4th and 7th weeks. In our light microscopic investigations, after 4 weeks of methyl parathion exposure, glomerular atrophy and vascular dilatation, and after 7 weeks, necrosis and edema were observed in the kidney tissues. After 4 weeks of vitamins C and E + methyl parathion exposure, mononuclear cell infiltrations, and after 7 weeks, calcification were detected in the kidney tissues.     

虎尾轮根黄酮类化合物对小鼠肝脏功能影响

以小鼠为动物模型,在饲料中添加分离纯化虎尾轮根的黄酮类化合物,研究其对小鼠肝脏功能的影响。取体重为（20±2）g小鼠84只,随机分为6组,即：空白对照组,模型组,阳性对照组即联苯双酯组（150 mg/kg）,以及虎尾轮黄酮高、中、低剂量组（450,300,150 mg/kg）,连续给药21 d。以四氯化碳（CCl4）进行建模,采集小鼠血清及肝组织匀浆液进行T-AOC、ALB、TP、AST、ALT、MDA、SOD、GSH-Px等指标的检测;取小鼠肝脏进行组织切片观察。结果表明,（1）与模型组比较,虎尾轮黄酮各剂量组均能分别显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）地提高小鼠SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px、ALB、TP水平和降低AST、ALT、MDA水平;（2）各剂量组肉眼观察无明显的病理变化,对各试验组的肝脏组织显微结构进行比较,发现虎尾轮黄酮各剂量组对CCl4引起的肝损伤有不同程度的恢复,保肝护肝作用明显。可见虎尾轮黄酮对小鼠的肝损伤有显著保护作用。     

Evaluation of propolis effects on some biochemical parameters in rats treated with sodium fluoride

The present study in which 42 female rats, each weighing 200−250 g, were used covered a period of 21 days. The animals were divided into six groups. The first group served as the control group, whereas Group 2 was administered propolis at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 21 days. Group 3 was first provided with normal drinking water for a period of 14 days, and was subsequently administered propolis at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 7 days. Group 4 was first given normal drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride as a sodium fluoride in drinking water for 7 days. Group 5 was first administered propolis alone at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride in association with 200 mg/kg/bw propolis for 7 days. Finally, Group 6 was first provided with normal drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride in association 200 mg/kg/bw propolis for a period of 7 days. At the end of the 21st day, blood samples were collected from the heart of each animal into both heparinised tubes and tubes without anticoagulants. Glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, and uric acid levels, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the serum, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the plasma, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. When compared to the control group, statistical differences were determined to exist with respect to oxidative stress parameters which involved increase in MDA levels in Groups 4−6, decrease in SOD activity in Groups 4 and 6, increase in CAT activity in Groups 5 and 6, and decrease in GSH-Px activity in Groups 4 and 6. Furthermore, in comparison to the control group, significant differences were observed with respect to certain serum biochemical parameters, including decrease in glucose levels in Groups 5 and 6, decrease in triglyceride levels in Groups 2 and 4, decrease in cholesterol levels in Groups 2 and 5, decrease in the total protein level of Groups 4−6, decrease in the ALT activity of Groups 5 and 6, increase in the AST activity of Group 4, decrease in the ALP activity of Groups 2−6 and increase in the uric acid level of Group 2. In the groups that were administered propolis in association with fluoride, improvement was observed in some oxidative stress parameters and certain other biochemical parameters. Changes determined in the oxidative stress parameters (especially MDA and SOD) were indicative of the anti-radical activity of propolis on the free radicals generated by sodium fluoride. However, the values not drawing completely close to those of the control group can be explained with propolis not being able to completely eliminate the free radicals and the other adverse effects generated by fluoride.     

高效氯氰菊酯对小鼠卵巢生殖功能的影响及维生素E的干预作用

为探究高效氯氰菊酯 (beta-cypermethrin, β-CP) 对雌性小鼠卵巢生殖功能的影响及维生素E (vitamin E, VE) 的干预作用，将雌性昆白小鼠随机分为6 组:空白对照组 (花生油处理)、β-CP不同剂量 (10、20、40 mg/kg) 处理组、VE保护组 (20 mg/kg β-CP+20 mg/kg VE) 和VE组 (20 mg/kg VE)，连续灌胃10 d。灌胃结束后取小鼠卵巢组织，观察组织结构的病理变化，采用免疫组化法、蛋白免疫印迹试验及RT-PCR方法检测卵巢中StAR蛋白含量及casp-3、casp-8、INHα和INHβB 基因mRNA表达的变化。结果显示:与对照相比，10、20和40 mg/kg的β-CP处理均使小鼠卵巢组织结构发生了损伤，使组织中StAR蛋白的浓度分别降低了18.8%、36.3%和40.3%，casp-3基因的表达分别升高了16.0%、26.7%和52.9%，INHα基因的表达分别升高了34.5%、83.6%和228.7%，INHβB基因的表达分别升高了7.5%、39.2%和52.7%；20和40 mg/kg的β-CP处理使得casp-8基因的表达分别升高了27.1%和36.7%。上述处理组与对照组的差异均达显著水平 (P＜0.05)。与 20 mg/kg β-CP处理组相比，VE 保护组的StAR蛋白含量也显著增多 (P＜0.05)。研究表明，β-CP对小鼠卵巢具有毒性作用，这与β-CP抑制StAR蛋白的合成，上调casp-3、casp-8、INHα及INHβB基因的表达有关；添加VE对小鼠卵巢有一定的保护作用，这与VE可减弱β-CP对StAR蛋白合成的抑制作用有关。     

Acute, subacute and subchronic administration of methyl parathion-induced testicular damage in male rats and protective role of vitamins C and E

Methyl parathion is an organophosphate insecticide that has been used in agriculture and domestic for several years. Vitamin C (200 mg/kg bw per day) + vitamin E (200 mg/kg bw per day), methyl parathion (0.28 mg/kg bw per day) and vitamin C (200 mg/kg bw per day) + vitamin E (200 mg/kg bw per day) + methyl parathion (0.28 mg/kg bw per day) combination were given to rats orally via gavage for 7 weeks. Body and testis weights, sperm counts, sperm motility, sperm morphology and histopathological changes in the testes were investigated at the end of 24 h, 4th and 7th weeks comparatively with control group. No pathological changes were observed in all parameters at the end of 24 h. When methyl parathion-treated group and vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated group were compared to control group, body and testis weights decreased significantly at the end of 4th and 7th weeks. It was observed that, at the end of 4th and 7th weeks there was a statistically significant decrease in sperm counts and sperm motility, increase in abnormal sperm morphology when methyl parathion- and vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated group were compared to control group. While sperm counts increased at the end of 4th and 7th weeks, sperm motility increased at the end of 7th week when vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated group compared with methyl parathion-treated group, no changes were observed in abnormal sperm morphology at the end of 4th and 7th weeks. In our light microscopic investigations, after 4 and 7 weeks of methyl parathion exposure, necrosis and edema were observed in the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissues. After 4 and 7 weeks of vitamins C and E + methyl parathion exposure, degenerative changes were detected in the seminiferous tubules while no pathological findings were observed in the interstitial tissues. According to the present study, we conclude that vitamins C and E reduces methyl parathion testicular toxicity, but it does not protect completely.