乙烯利对昆明种小鼠的氧化应激作用

选用小鼠血清及脾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量为观察指标,从机体氧化和抗氧化系统是否失衡的角度研究了乙烯利的氧化应激作用。结果表明,乙烯利能明显降低小鼠血清及脾脏组织中SOD和GSH-Px的活性。其中:134,268 mg/kg bw剂量处理组血清SOD和GSH-Px活性分别降低了8.91% ,12.44%和4.18% ,8.54% ;268, 536 mg/kg bw剂量组脾脏SOD和GSH-Px活性分别降低了8.34% ,19.61%和9.72%,24.86% ;与对照组差异显著(PP<0.01)。结果显示,乙烯利能破坏小鼠机体氧化和抗氧化系统的平衡,引起氧化应激。     

牡丹皮、黄连、大黄提取物对松材线虫生理代谢的影响

对3种中草药黄连、牡丹皮、大黄的乙醇提取物毒杀松材线虫作用机制进行了初步研究。测定了其对线虫体内总糖和蛋白含量的影响, 处理前后线虫体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）酶活性变化和丙二醛（MDA）含量变化, 处理前后SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和AChE表达量变化; 并用松枝水培试验测定3种提取物对松材线虫病害的防控效果。结果表明, 提取物处理后线虫体内总糖及蛋白含量显著下降, 线虫体内糖及蛋白质的代谢受到干扰; 线虫体内SOD、CAT、GSH-Px酶活性提高, POD活性显著下降, MDA含量升高, 表明线虫体内氧化与抗氧化作用失衡, 细胞功能受到极大影响; AChE活性被抑制, 表明线虫的神经系统受到破坏, SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和POD表达量与酶活性变化基本一致。松枝水培试验表明中药提取物能够有效控制松材线虫病害发生。综上, 3种提取物引起的松材线虫体内众多生理指标的改变是造成线虫死亡的主要原因。     

棘孢木霉SFC-3菌剂对小麦生理生化特性及小麦孢囊线虫的影响

采用盆栽试验探讨了不同剂量棘孢木霉SFC-3菌剂对小麦生理生化指标及生防效果的影响。结果表明：施用SFC-3菌剂对小麦的株高和主根长度没有明显影响（P>0.05）,但可提高小麦的出芽率,当施菌剂量为1.0~2.0 g/kg时小麦的出芽率显著高于对照（P<0.05）;施用SFC-3菌剂小麦叶片中叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量与对照相比均显著增加(P<0.05),其中施菌剂量为1.0 g/kg时最高。而小麦叶片中的MDA含量在施菌剂量为1.0 g/kg时显著低于对照和其他施菌处理（P＜0.05）;当施菌剂量为0.5~1.0 g/kg时,小麦叶片中SOD和POD活性显著高于对照,进一步增加施菌剂量,小麦叶片中SOD和POD活性均随之显著降低（P＜0.05）。当施菌剂量为1.5 g/kg和2.0 g/kg时每克根中小麦孢囊线虫2龄幼虫数量最少,发病级别最低,其相对防效分别为88.68%和87.04%,其次为施菌剂量1.0 g/kg的处理,其相对防效为80.50%。施用不同剂量的棘孢木霉SFC-3菌剂对小麦生理生化指标均有不同程度的影响,并且当施菌剂量为1.0 g/kg时对小麦生长和孢囊线虫的防治效果最好。     

盐碱胁迫对菊芋渗透调节及抗氧化酶系统的影响

为揭示植物在盐碱胁迫下的生理响应，选择菊芋（Helianthus tuberosus）为研究对象，设置营养土组（CK）、轻度盐碱土组（LS）和中度盐碱土组（MS）3个不同处理，研究不同盐碱胁迫强度下菊芋有机渗透调节物质（可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸）、丙二醛（MDA）含量以及抗氧化酶系统活性[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物歧化酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）]等生理指标的变化。研究结果表明：（1）不同盐碱胁迫强度下菊芋叶片可溶性糖、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白等有机渗透调节物质含量均出现增加。（2）各组间MDA含量无显著差异，随着盐碱胁迫强度的增加，菊芋叶片SOD、POD、CAT等抗氧化酶系统活性指标均表现出上升趋势。与同期CK组相比，盐碱胁迫150 d,LS和MS组SOD活性分别显著增加22.13%和26.49%,LS和MS组CAT活性较CK组分别显著增加81.66%和92.38%(P<0.05),MS组POD活性在测定期间均显著高于同期CK组。上述研究结果表明在盐碱胁迫下，菊芋通过增加体内渗透调节物质（可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸）含量和激活抗氧化酶系统（SOD、CAT、POD）...     

生育期水分亏缺和施氮对设施番茄叶片酶活性和水氮利用效率的影响

为探究不同生育期水分亏缺和不同施氮水平对番茄叶片生理特征和水氮利用的影响,以提高番茄抗逆性,增加有机物积累并提高水氮利用效率为目标,开展温室小区试验,设置4个灌水水平（W1:全生育期充分灌水;W2:苗期减少50%灌水量;W3:苗期和开花坐果期各减少50%灌水量;W4:苗期、开花坐果期和成熟期各减少50%灌水量）和3个施氮水平(N1:400 kg·hm^-2;N2:300 kg·hm^-2;N3:200 kg·hm^-2),分析番茄叶片酶活性和SPAD值对不同灌水和施氮水平的响应,并探究水氮供应对番茄生长及水氮利用的影响。结果表明：减少灌水量可提高番茄超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,降低丙二醛（MDA）含量,W2水平的SOD、POD活性最高,MDA含量最低,W2水平下SOD、POD活性随着施氮量的减少呈先增大后减小的趋势,而MDA含量变化趋势则相反,W2N2处理的SOD、POD活性最大,分别较W1N1处理提高25.90%、71.74%,MDA含量最低,较W1N1处理降低8.07%;番茄中位叶SPAD值与不同叶...     

黑果枸杞果实多糖对小白鼠运动能力影响及量效研究

从黑果枸杞果实中提取多糖,研究黑果枸杞果实多糖的抗疲劳作用及其最佳用量,以昆明系小白鼠为实验受体,分高、中、低3个剂量组进行喂养,分别从小白鼠体重(Body Weights,BW)、游泳时间(Swimming Time,ST)、血清和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(Blood/Liver Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、血清和肝脏丙二醛(Blood/Liver MDA)、肝糖原和肌糖原(Blood/Liver Glycogen)、血清尿素氮(Blood Urea Nitrogen,BUN)、血乳酸(Blood Lactic Acid,BLA)等10个指标进行研究。结果表明:多糖浓度为10～50 mg/(kg·d)时能够明显增加小白鼠游泳时间(P<0.01),增加血清和肝匀浆SOD活性(P<0.01),降低血清和肝匀浆MDA含量(P<0.01),增加肝糖原和肌糖原含量(P<0.05),减少血清BUN和BLA含量(P<0.01,P<0.05)。     

夜蛾斯氏线虫对菜青虫几种保护酶活力的影响

为探索昆虫病原线虫对菜青虫保护酶活力的影响,分别用10、50、100头夜蛾斯氏线虫（Steinernema feltiae）侵染4龄菜青虫（Pieris rapae）,对侵染后菜青虫体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力变化进行了研究。结果表明,接入线虫后,菜青虫的SOD活力显著上升。16 h时各处理的SOD活力均达到最大值,10、50、100头线虫处理的菜青虫SOD活力分别为44.266 7、49.866 7、68.033 3 U/g,均显著高于对照的35.033 3 U/g（p<0.01或p<0.05）,3种线虫剂量处理之间也存在显著差异（p<0.01或p<0.05）。POD的活性在接虫后8 h各处理均显著高于对照（p<0.05）,酶活性随侵染线虫数量的增加而增大,到24 h以后酶的活性开始显著下降,线虫剂量越大下降越快。CAT活力在处理后均显著上升,16~32 h各处理均维持在较高的水平,32 h以后开始显著下降。这反映出菜青虫在昆虫病原线虫侵染初期防御能力增强,16~32 h以后防御能力显著下降。     

干旱胁迫对春小麦旗叶生理特征及其根系抗旱基因表达特征的影响

研究干旱胁迫对春小麦品种旗叶生理特征及其根系抗旱基因表达的影响,对春小麦抗逆栽培和新品种选育具有重要意义。在大兴安岭西麓旱作区,以抗旱组及水敏感组春小麦品种为供试材料,进行干旱（旱棚防雨）和对照（调控补水）2种水分控制处理,分析干旱胁迫下不同春小麦品种旗叶光合指标、生理指标及根系抗旱基因表达差异。结果表明,干旱与对照处理间春小麦旗叶光合特性、生理特征及根系抗旱基因表达等指标均存在显著差异（P<0.05）;干旱胁迫下春小麦旗叶SPAD、净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）显著降低,且抗旱组下降幅度显著低于水敏感组;而生理指标过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）均显著升高,丙二醛（MDA）显著降低;其中抗旱组中Pro含量为90.36μg·g^-1,显著高于水敏感组(70.36μg·g^-1),MDA含量(19.82μmol·g^-1)显著低于水敏感组(22.05μmol·g^-1)。TaXTH-...     

草甘膦铵盐对3种滩涂动物抗氧化酶、丙二醛及大弹涂鱼红细胞微核的影响

为评价草甘膦对河口及滩涂水域生物的影响,采用室内人工染毒法,研究了草甘膦铵盐对可口革囊星虫Phascolosoma esculenta、缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta Lamark和大弹涂鱼Boleophthalmus pectinirostris 3种滩涂动物超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、丙二醛 (MDA) 及大弹涂鱼红细胞微核的影响。结果表明:经低浓度 (63.5 mg/L) 草甘膦短时间 (2 d) 染毒后,可口革囊星虫肠组织的SOD、CAT活性值及MDA含量分别为231.54、1.719 U/mg pro. 和0.60 nmol/mg pro.,3种指标均显著或极显著高于相应对照值 (204.88、1.521 U/mg pro. 和0.54 nmol/mg pro.),且随着药剂处理浓度增加,SOD、CAT活性及MDA含量均升高;但当染毒时间延长至8 d时,可口革囊星虫肠组织的SOD、CAT活性值及MDA含量均明显降低,分别为155.67、1.403 U/mg pro. 和0.53 nmol/mg pro.,显著低于对照,且随药剂处理浓度进一步增加,酶活性及MDA含量值降低更显著。草甘膦对缢蛏内脏团及大弹涂鱼肝脏SOD、CAT活性及MDA含量的影响表现出类似规律。此外,经低浓度 (53.5 mg/L) 草甘膦染毒8 d后,大弹涂鱼红细胞微核率及核异常率分别为17.00‰ 和21.33‰,均极显著高于相应对照值 (13.67‰ 和13.33‰),且随着草甘膦浓度增大,其红细胞微核率及核异常率均显著升高,表明大弹涂鱼对草甘膦有较高的敏感性。所得研究结果可为评价草甘膦对河口及滩涂水域生物的影响提供参考依据。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌LJ1对实验鼠的急性毒性研究

解淀粉芽孢杆菌LJ1是从土壤中分离得到的1株对瓜类白粉病具有较好防效的细菌。为了解LJ1菌株对动物及人的安全性,测定了该菌株发酵液对实验鼠的急性毒性,以及处理后小鼠体内谷丙转氨酶(AST)、谷草转氨酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的含量及6种血相指标。结果发现:LJ1菌株发酵液对小鼠的急性经口毒性和对大鼠的急性经皮毒性均为"低毒"级(LD50>4 640 mg/kg); 处理3 d后,小鼠血清中AST、ALT和ALP 3种酶的含量及血液中白细胞、红细胞数和血红蛋白的含量均明显升高,与对照相比差异显著(P<0.05),14 d后各项指标基本恢复至正常水平,与对照无显著差异。说明LJ1发酵液灌胃处理初期对小鼠的脏器功能有一定影响,但14 d后其对脏器的影响可逐渐恢复。因此推断LJ1发酵液对动物机体安全,该菌株有进一步研究开发为生防菌的价值。     

Effects of diazinon at different doses on rat liver and pancreas tissues

Diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphates in agriculture. Toxic effects of diazinon are due to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme needed for proper nervous system function. This study was designed to investigate the effects of diazinon at different doses on pancreas and liver tissues and in which dose level diazinon shows its effects. Sixty male Wistar albino rats were included in this study. Animals were initially divided into control and diazinon given groups. There were 10 animals in the control group and 50 animals in diazinon administered group. The latter was divided into five equal subgroups: 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of diazinon administered groups. Control group was given only saline. All animals in 300 mg/kg diazinon group died. After 24 h, rats were sacrificed under ether anesthesia. Tissue and blood samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Sample tissues were examined under light microscope. In biochemical analysis, AST, ALT, LDH, amylase and lipase enzyme activities were measured. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare the groups. In 200 mg/kg diazinon given group, it has been observed some histopathological changes in pancreas and liver tissues. Cholinesterase activities were significantly decreased and alkaline phosphatase levels were increased in all diazinon given groups, when compared with the controls. There was statistically significant difference between the control and diazinon given groups by means of serum amylase, lipase, ALT and AST activities (p < 0.05). LDH activities were significantly increased in 100 and 200 mg diazinon given groups, when compared with the controls (p < 0.05). Histopathological changes were observed only in 200 mg diazinon given group. This evidence suggest that diazinon effect is dose dependent and this is possibly 10-15% of the LD₅₀ dose (200 mg/kg), which cause acute pancreatitis and histopathological changes in liver.     

Chimeric mice with humanized liver as a model for testing organophosphate and carbamate pesticide exposure

BACKGROUND

Diagnosis of acute intoxication with organophosphate (OP) or carbamate (CM) pesticides in humans is achieved by measuring plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity. However, BuChE activity is not an ideal biomarker in experimental animal models. The aim of this study was to establish an experimental mouse model for evaluating exposure to OP and CM pesticides by monitoring BuChE activity using chimeric mice in which the liver was reconstituted with human hepatocytes.

RESULTS

A single oral administration of acephate (300 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos (10 mg/kg), fenobucarb (300 mg/kg) or molinate (250 mg/kg) in chimeric mice led to inhibition of >95%, > 95%, 28% and 60% of plasma BuChE activity after 7, 0.5, 0.5 and 7 h, respectively. Dose‐dependent decreases in plasma BuChE activity were also observed for acephate and chlorpyrifos. A 5‐day repeated‐dose study with 10 or 30 mg/kg acephate found a constitutive reduction in plasma BuChE activity to 80% and 70% of pre‐dose levels, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Changes in plasma BuChE activity in chimeric mice with humanized liver clearly reflected the exposure levels of OP and CM pesticides. These results suggest that the humanized‐liver mouse model may be suitable for estimating levels of exposure to these pesticides in humans. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

莴笋、油麦菜中烯酰吗啉的GC-ECD分析

建立了气相色谱法检测莴笋、油麦菜中烯酰吗啉残留的分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,Canbon-NH2柱净化,DM-1色谱柱分析。莴笋、油麦菜中烯酰吗啉在0.064、0.128、0.320mg/kg 3个添加水平的平均加标回收率在范围86.4%~97.4%内,RSD(n=3)均10,方法理论最小检出限为0.01mg/kg。该方法满足莴笋、油麦菜中烯酰吗啉农药残留的检测要求。     

甲氰菊酯对斑马鱼的毒性效应

选用模式生物斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)作为毒性实验动物,探索甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)对鱼类的毒性效应,为农业生产和环境保护提供参考数据。结果显示甲氰菊酯对斑马鱼成鱼96h LC50为3.38×10-3mg/kg,属于剧毒级,安全浓度为0.34×10-3mg/kg;较低浓度下甲氰菊酯对斑马鱼早期发育影响不显著,在较高浓度1、10mg/kg下,斑马鱼96h畸形率分别达到84%和90%,心包囊肿率分别为25%和88%,而致死效应不明显。亚致死剂量下甲氰菊酯对斑马鱼肝胰脏GPT、GOT、SOD活性有明显诱导效应,在高浓度和长时间暴露下诱导效应降低;肝胰脏中AChE活性显著地受到甲氰菊酯的抑制,抑制效应对毒物的浓度和染毒时间有良好的依赖性,是一种良好的环境污染检测生物学指标。     

氯吡脲连续灌胃给药4周对大鼠的毒性作用

为明确氯吡脲对大鼠的毒性作用,采用150、300和600 mg/kg剂量分别向SD大鼠灌胃 (ig) 给予氯吡脲,每日1次,连续给药4周。每日观察大鼠的中毒状况和死亡情况,每周记录体质量和摄食量;于停药后第1天和第15天分别处死SD大鼠,检测血常规、血清生化和凝血功能;取主要脏器进行称量,计算其脏器系数并进行常规病理组织学检查。结果发现:连续给药4周,氯吡脲对大鼠体质量、摄食量、血常规和凝血均无明显影响。停药后第1天,与溶剂对照组比较,氯吡脲300 mg/kg及以上剂量处理组雄性大鼠的尿素氮和肌酐含量明显升高 (P < 0.05),600 mg/kg剂量组血糖显著升高 (P < 0.05),其中,600 mg/kg处理组雄性大鼠的尿素氮、肌酐和血糖分别是对照的1.9、1.6和1.3倍。氯吡脲300 mg/kg及以上剂量组雌、雄性大鼠的肾脏系数均明显升高 (P < 0.05),其中300 mg/kg剂量组雌、雄性大鼠的肾脏系数分别是对照的1.2和1.1倍,600 mg/kg剂量组雌、雄性大鼠的肾脏系数分别是对照的1.4和1.1倍;300 和600 mg/kg剂量组雌性大鼠的肝脏系数明显升高 (P < 0.01),分别是对照的1.3和1.9倍。病理切片检查可见肾脏病理组织学改变,主要表现为轻度肾管萎缩,明显的白细胞管型、透明管型、间质炎性细胞浸润及肾小管扩张。停药后第15天,上述毒性反应症状有所恢复。研究表明,SD大鼠经连续灌胃给予氯吡脲4周,在600 mg/kg剂量下表现为明显肾脏毒性反应,在300 mg/kg剂量下表现为较轻微的肾脏毒性反应,推测氯吡脲的主要毒性靶器官可能是肾脏;其未见明显毒性反应剂量为150 mg/kg。     

Prallethrin induced serum biochemical changes in Wistar rats

The present study was designed as a repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study in rodent. All the rats were randomly divided into five groups (C1, C2, T1, T2 and T3) each containing 10 Wistar rats (5 male and 5 female). Group C1 served as control as no treatment was administered. Group C2 was administered groundnut oil (1 ml/100 g b.wt) and served as vehicle control. Group T1 was put on high dose 153.33 mg/kg b.wt (LD50/3), while group T2 received intermediate dose of 92 mg/kg b.wt (LD50/5), and group T3 was administered low dose of 46 mg/kg b.wt (LD50/10) of Prallethrin suspended in 1 ml/100 g b.wt of groundnut oil. Blood samples were collected from all groups on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of the experiment for measurement of serum glucose, serum urea, serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). According to data obtained on the 7th day of the study, no statistically significant change in any of the treatment groups was observed as compared to the control group. On the 14th day of the study, in comparison to the control group, triglyceride level and ALP activity were found to be significantly increased in the group T1 female and group T1 male rats respectively. On the 21st day of the study, compared to the controls, significant increase in cholesterol and ALP levels were present in both T1 and T2 females and in addition to this total protein and triglycerides levels were also significantly increased in group T1 female rats. In group T1 male total protein, triglycerides, ALT and ALP activity was found to be increased significantly as compared to healthy control group. On the 28th day, all the recorded biochemical parameters were found to be significantly increased, except BUN and AST in group T1 female rats. In group T2 female rats, significantly increased cholesterol, ALT and ALP levels were observed. In group T3 female rats, none of the parameters were found to be significantly affected. Among male rats, only total protein level was found to be increased in groups T2 and T3. Whereas, total protein, triglyceride, ALT and ALP were significantly elevated in group T1 male rats at the end of the study. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that subacute oral administration of Prallethrin; at dose levels of 1/3 LD50 and 1/5 LD50 for 28 days induces moderate toxic effects on different biochemical parameters.     

Dose-dependent sub-chronic toxicity of diethyl phthalate in female Swiss mice

The experiment was conducted to study the after effects of administering DEP at different doses to female Swiss mice for a period of 90 days. Group I mice were fed on normal diet and water ad libitum. Group II mice were maintained on normal diet mixed with corn oil at 8.25 mg/kg of the diet/day as oil control. Group III, IV and V mice were given diethyl phthalate dissolved in corn oil mixed with the diet at 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg of the diet/day, which is approximately equal to 1.25, 3.125 and 6.25 mg/kg body weight/day. A significant dose dependent increase was observed in serum acid phosphatase (ACP) whereas, serum and liver triglycerides levels showed a significant increase only in the high-dose treated group. Significant dose-dependent increase in serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST and ALT) and liver glycogen was observed. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly increased only in 25 and 50 ppm DEP-treated mice. Liver cholesterol was significantly increased in all the treated groups. Liver histology by light microscopy showed intracellular vacuolations in all the treated groups which was much more evident in the 25 and 50 ppm DEP-treated mice while hepatocellular degeneration and hypertrophy of the hepatocytes was evident in 50 ppm DEP-treated mice. Proliferation of mitochondria and peroxisomes was evident in the electron micrographs of the 10 ppm DEP-treated mice while 25 and 50 ppm DEP-treated mice showed increase in lipid droplets and severe mitochondrial proliferation.     

Methomyl induced hematological and biochemical alterations - protection by vitamin E

The present study was planned to evaluate the role of vitamin E, if any, in attenuating the methomyl induced hematological and biochemical alterations in blood of male wistar rats. Animals, in the weight range of 130-150 g, were administered methomyl orally in drinking water at a sub-acute dose level of 4 mg/kg body weight on alternate days for a duration of one month, vitamin E was administered intraperitoneally to normal or methomyl treated rats on alternate days as a pretreatment for a week at a dose level of 50 mg/kg body weight and subsequently for a further period of one month. Methomyl treatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes. On the contrary, reduced Glutathione levels (GSH) and the activities of catalase, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) were found to be significantly decreased. Methomyl treatment caused a significant increase in total leukocyte counts (TLC), platelet, neutrophil, eosinophil, and lymphocyte and monocyte counts. Scanning Electron Micrographs showed significant morphological changes, which included spherocytosis and poikilocytosis. However, vitamin E supplementation to methomyl treated rats significantly decreased the raised levels of LPO whereas it caused a significant increase in GSH levels. Also, vitamin E supplementation could significantly elevate the activities of catalase GSHPx, GST and resulted in the normalization of SOD activity. Vitamin E supplementation also proved to be effective in significantly decreasing the already raised values of TLC and lymphocytes counts and almost normalized the platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes counts. Further, vitamin E supplementation improved the morphology of the red blood cells. The study, therefore, concludes that vitamin E can effectively mitigate most of the adverse effects induced by methomyl in rat blood.     

杀虫安对小鼠脑组织内神经递质的影响

研究了杀虫安经灌胃给药后对小鼠脑组织内多巴胺及氨基酸含量的影响。将60只ICR (美国癌症研究所)小鼠随机分为空白对照、杀虫安低剂量(200 mg/kg bw)及高剂量(300 mg/kg bw) 3个处理组,于灌胃后出现惊厥时断头取脑,采用高效液相色谱-电化学(HPLC-ECD)检测法测定了鼠脑组织内多巴胺(DA)及其代谢产物二羟苯乙酸(DOPAC)和高香草酸(HVA)的含量,采用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)法测定了氨基酸的含量。结果发现,两个剂量处理组鼠脑组织内DA及氨基酸含量与对照相比均有显著性差异。其中:DA比对照分别升高25.25%和31.93%(PPPPγ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量比对照降低32.55% (PP<0.05)。表明杀虫安导致惊厥时伴有鼠脑内多巴胺和氨基酸含量的变化。     

低浓度乙氰菊酯对鲤鱼生长及生理生化指标的影响

为了全面评价乙氰菊酯对鱼类的安全性,本实验研究了鲤鱼在不同浓度乙氰菊酯0.685、1.39、2.78、5.56 mg/L(96 h LC50的1/80、1/40、1/20、1/10)下曝露60 d实验中,其行为、生长和血液生理生化指标所受到的不同影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,乙氰菊酯0.685、1.39 mg/L处理对鲤鱼生长的影响差异性不显著, 20 d后2.78和5.56 mg/L处理对鲤鱼生长的影响差异性显著(PP+浓度降低,表现为高血钾和低血钠症。高浓度试验组鲤鱼血液生化指标的变化与对照组间存在着显著(PP<0.01)差异;5.56和2.78 mg/L处理组在实验结束时死亡率各为30%和20%。实验结果表明,鲤鱼长期曝露于较低浓度的乙氰菊酯药液中,其生长和生理生化指标均会受到一定影响。