精养虾池水质调控技术研究

针对目前南美白对虾养殖过程中施用禁用药物、可用药物用量过多、成虾体内有害物质残留超标等问题，上海水产大学于2002-2005年进行了“南美白对虾无公害养殖技术研究”项目，并在项目实施过程中采用了优质南美白对虾苗种，养殖过程中不投放抗生素等禁用渔药．利用有益微生物改善与优化水质，再结合温性中草药的合理利用来防治虾病。     

生物及化学综合防治措施在南美白对虾暴发性传染病控制上的应用

今年以来，随着南美白对虾集约化养殖的迅猛发展，由于养殖业者不注意水质环境改良，而导致南美白对虾暴发性传染病肆意横行，严重阻碍南美白对虾养殖的健康发展。针对这种状况，我们采用生物及化学结合的方法，进行了控制南美白对虾暴发性传染病的应用试验，现将有关情况报告如下： 一、发病状况 １．外部状况：绝大部分红体、红须、红尾，未见白斑，也有少部分未见红体，仅见白斑。 ２．内部状况：绝大部分病虾肝胰脏肿大，变白。 二、病虾规格及池塘水质状况 １．病虾规格：７－８ｃｍ。 ２．发病水温：２９－３１℃。 ３．透明度：３０…     

南美白对虾防黑变保鲜的初步研究

研究了用焦亚硫酸钠溶液保鲜南美白对虾。结果表明:在保证虾体SO2残留量不超过100mg/kg的前提下,用浓度为0.4%的焦亚硫酸钠溶液可以有效防止虾体内酚酶所引起的黑变,经处理的南美白对虾在4℃下冷藏7d仍符合国家水产品卫生标准,保鲜效果明显优于对照组。     

南美白对虾无公害养殖技术研究

对虾作为水产业中的支柱品种,一直深受广大消费者的喜爱,也是水产品中出口量较多的品种之一。针对目前对虾养殖过程中施用禁用药物、可用药物用量过多、成虾体内有害物质残留超标等问题,海南省水产研究所于2003年进行了“南美白对虾无公害养殖技术研究”项目,并在项目实施过程中采用了SPF南美白对虾苗种,养殖过程中不投放抗生素等禁用渔药,利用有益微生物改善与优化水质以降低水体中有害物质在虾体内的残留,再结合温性中草药的合理利用来防治虾病,结果表明,养殖对虾各项指标均符合我国无公害对虾标准,达到国内出口与国外进口食品标准,而且…     

对虾养殖技术之一:南美白对虾无公害养殖技术研究

对虾作为水产业中的支柱品种,一直深受广大消费者的喜爱,也是水产品中出口量较多的品种之一.针对目前对虾养殖过程中施用禁用药物、可用药物用量过多、成虾体内有害物质残留超标等问题,海南省水产研究所于2003年进行了"南美白对虾无公害养殖技术研究"项目,并在项目实施过程中采用了SPF南美白对虾苗种,养殖过程中不投放抗生素等禁用渔药,利用有益微生物改善与优化水质以降低水体中有害物质在虾体内的残留,再结合温性中草药的合理利用来防治虾病,结果表明,养殖对虾各项指标均符合我国无公害对虾标准,达到国内出口与国外进口食品标准,而且产量高,经济效益好.     

盘点2014 南美白对虾养殖

<正>又到一年收虾时,2014年大部分地区南美白对虾养殖已经接近尾声,到了盘点一年来南美白对虾收成的时候了,本次我们邀请了常年服务于生产一线的饲料及渔药企业技术服务人员,就南美白对虾市场行情、养殖概况、饲料及渔药使用情况等方面,详细盘点今年南美白对虾的养殖情况。     

罗非鱼池塘套养南美白对虾生态养殖试验

为了探索一种适合在咸淡水资源丰富地区发展的生态养殖模式,在广西防城港市利用河海交汇处的高位池进行了大规格罗非鱼池塘套养南美白对虾的试验.结果显示:南美白对虾平均单产220 kg/亩,罗非鱼平均单产670 kg/亩,平均利润达5550元/亩.试验结果表明:罗非鱼养殖池套养南美白对虾可充分利用养殖水体的空间,降低对虾的养殖成本,有效控制虾病的发生和传染,提高养殖经济效益.     

池塘咸淡水养殖南美白对虾的中后期水质管理

南美白对虾经过一段时间的养殖,大部分虾体规格已达5～7cm,水环境也因为一段时间的投料残余、对虾排泄物积累,土池中又孳生了大量弧菌和寄生虫,处于一种对南美白对虾生长较为不利的状况。目前,又正值高温天气,南美白对虾生长迅速,池内对虾养殖密度增大,极易造成水质恶化,诱发病害,引     

大连地区几种食用贝类药物残留的检测

本文应用化学发光免疫法检测技术检测了大连地区几种食用贝类（海湾扇贝Argopectens irradias、文蛤Meretrix meretrix、青柳蛤Mactra chinenesis、菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum和魁蚶Anadara uropygimelana）体内呋喃唑酮酶、氯霉素酶、恩诺沙星和有机磷的残留。结果表明,所检测的贝类体内均有不同含量的上述几种药物残留,但其残留量均在食用卫生标准的控制下,符合食品卫生安全标准。     

南美白对虾养殖技术之六南美白对虾养殖中后期水质管理技术

南美白对虾经过一段时间的养殖,大部分虾体规格已达体长5cm～9cm,有的个体差不多可以起捕.养殖中后期,因为残饵、虾体排泄物的积累,池塘中可能孳生了大量弧菌和寄生虫,水环境对南美白对虾的生长较为不利;同时,又正值高温天气,南美白对虾生长迅速,池内养殖密度增大而极易造成水质恶化,并诱发病害,引起南美白对虾缺氧浮头甚至死亡.为了确保南美白对虾健康生长,需要加强水质管理,使其安全度夏.     

Impact of the timing of stocking on growth and allometric index in aquaculture-based fisheries

The impact of tilapia stocking on fisheries production in Lake Metztitlán was determined through progression analysis of modes obtained from (Gaussian) kernel density estimators (KDEs) of size frequency distributions of juvenile tilapia stocked after a period of total desiccation. The relationship between the allometric index of four cohorts and water temperature and variation in the volume of the basin was analysed. The use of KDEs was found to be a useful technique for the recognition and progression analysis of modes. The reasons for the low yields from the tilapia fishery of Lake Metztitlán are poor growth rate, low water temperature, which is manifest in low allometric indices, and the use of small mesh size nets. Yields can be sustained by improving fishery management; otherwise it is necessary to continue stocking.     

虾苗使用呋喃西林和呋喃唑酮的残留评估

使用质量浓度为1mg·L^-1的呋喃西林和呋喃唑酮,以混饲的方式对凡纳滨对虾（Penaeus vannamei）幼苗给药,研究呋喃西林和呋喃唑酮在凡纳滨对虾苗体内的代谢和消除规律,对药物的残留时间和残留量等进行风险评估。呋喃西林在凡纳滨对虾幼苗体内的消除速率常数（ke）为0．041h^-1,消除半衰期（t1/2ke）为17．091h,其代谢物氨基脲（SEM）在50d后未检出;呋喃唑酮的ke为0．045h^-1,t1／2ke为15．258h,其代谢物3-氨基-2-恶唑烷基酮（AOZ）在20d内已低于方法检测限。结果表明,在凡纳滨对虾培苗期,以此试验方式使用呋喃西林和呋喃唑酮不会导致其在成虾体内的残留。     

纷散固相萃取—超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法测定水产品中利福平残留

建立一种测定水产品中利福平药物残留的超高效液相色谱—串联质谱检测方法。样品用乙腈—二氯甲烷(6∶4,体积比)提取剂提取,通过100 mg C18+100 mg PSA分散固相萃取净化,以3 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.05%甲酸)和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测模式测定,内标法定量分析。检测结果显示,利福平在1~20μg/kg质量浓度内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r≥0.9986,方法检出限为0.3μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg,对罗非鱼、凡纳滨对虾、中华鳖进行加标回收试验,回收率为90.17%~101.07%,相对标准偏差为3.11%~7.66%,该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于水产品中利福平残留的确证和定量分析,为监管利福平药物的违规使用提供便捷、有效的技术支持。     

Major difference in mercury concentrations of the African big barb, Barbus intermedius (R.) due to shifts in trophic position

Abstract –  The African big barb ( Barbus intermedius , R.) from Lake Awassa, Ethiopia is an important fish species, especially with the ongoing decline of the Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus , L.) fishery. Their diet and habitat use was studied using stomach content analyses, stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes, and transect netting. Mercury biomagnification was also determined. The big barb was found to primarily exist in the littoral habitat, with molluscs being their predominant food item. The proportion of small fish ( Barbus paludinosus , P.) in the big barb diet tended to vary somewhat with size, with the largest fish tending to have the most piscivorous diet. Mercury concentrations in the big barb ranged from 0.01 to 0.94 mg·kg⁻¹, and were positively related with size. Fish transects and stable isotope analyses suggest that there may be two feeding forms of big barb in Lake Awassa, with some larger fish preying upon fish (and accumulating higher mercury concentrations). With the declining Nile tilapia fishery in Lake Awassa, the implication of fishermen focusing on large big barb, with its associated higher Hg burdens, is significant with human health ramifications.     

臭氧冰对凡纳滨对虾保鲜效果的研究

就采用高浓度臭氧冰对凡纳滨对虾（Litopeneaus vannamei）保鲜效果进行了探讨研究,结果表明,使用臭氧含量为5mg·kg^-1的臭氧冰时,具有显著的杀菌和抑菌作用,菌落总数减少91%,并降低了挥发性盐基氮的产生,可延长产品的保鲜期3～5d。臭氧冰具有杀菌力强,保鲜效果好,使用方便、快捷、环保,解决了臭氧不能保存和运输等技术问题,该研究解决长期以来依赖臭氧设备随产随用的被动结局,扩大了臭氧的应用范围,为水产品保藏提供一种新的保鲜方式。     

南美白对虾病原性豚鼠气单胞菌的分离与药敏特性

为查明引起上海青浦地区养殖南美白对虾黄腿病的病原菌,提供养殖户防控该病的有效药物,采用传统方法从患黄腿病的南美白对虾肝胰腺组织中进行了病原菌的分离,通过人工回归感染试验确定了病原菌株,采用API ID32GN生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA序列分析对病原菌株进行鉴定,通过纸片扩散法分析病原菌株的药敏特性。结果表明,从病虾的肝胰腺中分离到一株病原菌(QPX1),经生理生化特性与16S rRNA序列分析确定其为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)。此外,菌株QPX1对阿莫西林、多粘菌素B、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明、卡那霉素、吡哌酸、新霉素、庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、链霉素、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、奈替米星等抗生素高度敏感。本研究证实豚鼠气单胞菌是南美白对虾黄腿病的病原菌,生产上可选用新霉素、氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星等常规水产用抗生素作为该病的防控用药。     

Changes in the fish and fisheries ecology of a large man-made lake in Tanzania, 1965–94

Abstract Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir in northern Tanzania has a maximum surface area of 180 km², an average depth of 6 m, and contains moderately saline, fertile water. The postimpoundment decade, 1965–74, was characterised by a spectacular rise and fall of a tilapiabased fishery. Since then a gill-net fishery catching large numbers of large, periphyton-grazing tilapias has given way to a mainly beach-seine fishery producing large numbers of small, phytoplankton-feeding Oreochromis esculentus (Graham). Yields remain higher than preimpoundment predictions but the size at maturity of all tilapia species has fallen and few larger than 15 cm TL are caught. These changes, and others in the fish community trophic structure, are chiefly explained by changes in the littoral environment and fishing pressures. Nyumba ya Mungu provides a case history of developments in the tilapia fishery of a man-made river lake conducted on an essentially laissez-faire basis.     

Water Temperature in Inland,Low-Salinity Shrimp Ponds in Alabama

Water temperature in eight ponds and air temperatures were monitored at 2-h intervals during the 2010 growing season at an inland, low-salinity shrimp farm in Alabama. There was a high correlation (P < 0.01) between mean daily air and water temperatures; pond water usually averaged 3° to 4°C warmer than air. Monthly mean water temperatures among eight ponds differed by 3.40°C in May and by 2.83°C in September, but there was less than 1°C difference among ponds in June, July, and August. Differences in temperature among ponds were not related to pond water surface:volume ratio, but in July and September there was a negative correlation (P < 0.05) with increasing aeration rate. Negative correlations (P < 0.05) between average water temperature over the entire culture period and survival and production of Pacific white shrimp, Litopeneaus vannamei, possibly resulted from variation in crop duration and were not causal. Nevertheless, differences in water temperature among ponds in May and September were great enough to have possibly caused differential shrimp survival and production among ponds.     

辽宁省近海渔业资源状况的初步研究

根据辽宁省海洋渔业资源调查与统计资料,分析了辽宁省近海渔业资源结构。结果表明:经济价值高的渔业资源减少,生物量组成中以低质小型鱼虾类为主,群体的年龄组成,以0~1龄为主,渔获群体小型化明显。根据现实情况提出了管理建议。     

上海市售鳜渔药残留现状的调查研究

为了解上海市场销售鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)渔药残留现状,于2018年4月-2019年3月,对上海市批发市场销售的72份鳜肌肉样,采用高效液相色谱法,分别测定孔雀石绿(MG)、硝基呋喃(NFs)、喹诺酮(4-Qs)以及亚甲基蓝(MB)四大类共10种药物。结果显示:孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿以及呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮无检出,呋喃西林、呋喃妥因检出样占样本量的50%,喹诺酮类占76.39%,亚甲基蓝占15.3%;呋喃西林的检出浓度为(0.49±0.03)μg/kg、呋喃妥因(3.51±2.27)μg/kg,诺氟沙星(25.52±10.36)μg/kg、环丙沙星(20.98±6.85)μg/kg、恩诺沙星(27.95±4.17)μg/kg、亚甲基蓝(120±14)μg/kg;呋喃唑酮类主要集中在10月份到次年4月份之间,喹诺酮类与亚甲基蓝则主要集中在4月份到10月份之间,环丙沙星全年可检出。结果表明:市售鳜肌肉中仍有部分禁用药物和限用渔药的残留,且不同药物残留表现出一定的季节性差异。