标志放流技术在渔业中的应用现状及发展前景

介绍了标志放流技术在渔业中的应用现状及发展前景。在我国的渔业资源增殖放流中,挂牌标记法(体外标)和切鳍法最为常用。而在国外,主要的标志方法有荧光色素标记(VIE)法、金属线码标记(CWT)法、被动整合雷达(PIT)法、档案式标记法、分离式卫星标记法以及生物遥测标记法等。我国的标志放流方法应该以挂牌标记法为主,同时可以引进荧光色素标记法和金属线码标记法等。     

北盘江流域增殖放流鱼类的标志方法研究

用荧光标记法和T-tag锚标法标记了体长11.88-13.13cm的长臀鮠Cranoglanis bouderius、光倒刺鲃Spinibarbus hollandi、白甲鱼Onychostoma simus、花 Hemibarbus maculatus（Bleeker）,以寻找适合北盘江增殖放流鱼类的标志方法。14d的标记结果表明：荧光标志法标记的长臀鮠、光倒刺鲃、白甲鱼、花的成活率均在90.0％以上,是一种较为经济实用的标志方法,可在该流域增殖放流使用。需在短时间内回捕的放流对象也可用T-tag锚标法作辅助标志。     

金属线码标记技术在渔业生物增殖放流中的应用

近年来,由于海洋渔业资源的过度利用及环境污染等问题不断出现,致使中国近海海洋生物资源不断衰退,开展增殖放流成为修复渔业资源较有效的方式之一,其中放流种类的生物标志技术是评价放流效果的重要手段。金属线码标记(CWT)作为渔业生物体内标志的一种重要方法,已在放流种类种群密度、存活率、资源补充量估算及洄游分布等研究中广泛应用。本文系统整理了国内外开展CWT研究的相关资料,介绍其原理和发展历史,简述在渔业生物增殖放流中的应用,并分析其优势和缺点。综合看来,CWT具有标记速度快、对鱼体损伤小、标记保持率高、批量标记价格低廉等优点,同时也有回捕率较低的缺点。随着渔业生物标志技术的不断发展,CWT在渔业资源增殖放流领域的应用将更广泛,并成为标志放流研究的发展方向之一。     

长江口中华绒螯蟹和中华鲟的增殖放流及其效果评估

增殖放流是保护渔业资源可持续发展的重要举措,也是维持生态多样性的重要方法。本文对国内外增殖放流的发展、长江口中华绒螯蟹和中华鲟增殖放流中存在的问题,及增殖放流的标记方法和效果评估方法进行了概述和分析,以期对水生动物的增殖放流有所帮助。     

VIE标记和T型标记标志南方大口鲇的初步研究

正为了对剥隘库区增殖放流的南方大口鲇开展放流效果评估工作,采用可见荧光植入标记(VIE)和T型标记对其进行标记。笔者研究了VIE标记和T型标记对南方大口鲇的标志效果,旨在为南方大口鲇增殖放流的效果评估提供技术储备。一、材料与方法1.试验鱼试验鱼为南宁市水产良种场人工培育的南方大口鲇。试验鱼饲养于渔业站网箱养殖基地,养     

江河渔业资源增殖技术研究报告

本研究采用人工放流鱼苗,加强护养管理的方法增殖江河渔业资源,从1991至1994年累计放流草、鲤、露斯塔野鲮等鱼苗195万尾,放流后4年的平均产量比放流前5年的平均产量增加5倍.本研究用标志回捕法研究增殖后鱼类回捕率、生长速率和种群数量,用放流前后多年平均产量对比法估算增殖产量.回捕率在14.5%—20.5%,平均年增殖产量146吨.     

省水产科学研究院对全省水生经济物种放流进行标记标示

河南省自2005年开始已连续5年在河南境内四大流域水体进行多批次的渔业增殖放流。增殖放流效果如何，如何进行增殖放流效果评估，日益受到各部门的关注。2009年河南省水产科学研究院受河南省渔政渔船监督检验管理局委托．对河南省水生经济物种放流效果进行评估．采用目前国际上通用的大型水生动物放流荧光色素标记法和注射式电子标签两种标记方法．进行跟踪监测评估放流效果。     

草鱼仔鱼耳石茜素络合物标记特征研究

草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)是我国主要增殖放流经济鱼种之一，探索有效的标志方法对其增殖放流的技术保障和效果评价无疑至关重要。本研究对草鱼仔鱼耳石进行了1 d茜素络合物(ALC)荧光标记，以确认该方法的可行性及适宜条件。结果显示，微耳石、矢耳石和星耳石均能被标记。标记环在可见光及荧光下均能被观察到。其中，后者使用蓝色激发光(WBS)观察效果最佳。总体上，微耳石的标记效果最好，矢耳石次之。ALC浸泡对鱼体的生存及生长无显著影响，耳石上荧光信号出现和消失与鱼体开始浸泡和结束均存在约12 h的时滞。浸泡标记过的实验鱼在经过长达60 d的恢复续养后，标记环仍清晰可见，表明ALC标记效果明显且可长期存在。该方法对草鱼仔鱼的增殖放流标记具有较强的可行性。     

连江倒刺鲃的标志放流试验

为研究倒刺鲃人工增殖放流中的生长发育等规律,探讨恢复连江这一传统特色经济鱼类资源的有效方法,于2014年11月采用荧光色素标记方法,在连江阳山段对3×10~4尾倒刺鲃鱼苗进行标志放流试验。基于回捕数据对倒刺鲃的回捕率、标志保留率及生长情况进行分析,进而对连江倒刺鲃标志放流的方法做出初步评价。试验结果表明,利用流刺网等捕捞工具对倒刺鲃进行回捕,截至2016年5月共回捕倒刺鲃275尾,回捕率为0.92%。对回捕鱼的标记保留情况进行统计,发现标志保留率随时间的增加而降低。在回捕的前几个月内,荧光标志仍肉眼可辨,自第7个月开始荧光标志开始变得逐渐模糊,1年之后标志逐渐消失。标志鱼在放流后6个月生长缓慢,之后生长加快。协方差分析表明,倒刺鲃在放流水域的生长比池塘养殖和自然群体更具优势,说明放流水域属于放流条件较佳水域。综上所述,本研究基本达到标志放流预期目的,但应继续优化标志放流策略。     

人工增殖放流技术的探讨

渔业资源增殖放流是指对野生鱼、虾、蟹和贝类等进行人工繁殖、养殖或捕捞天然苗种在人工条件下培育后,释放到渔业资源出现衰退的天然水域中,使其自然种群得以恢复的一种方法。增殖放流的目的在于保护濒危物种、增加渔业资源产量和修复生态环境,还具有培养渔民环保意识和增加渔民收入等多方面的重要意义。本文从苗种来源、标记方法、放流策略和效果评价四个方面总结了国内外增殖放流的技术,以期为今后的放流工作提供借鉴和参考。     

5种鱼类标志对草鱼临界游泳速度的影响

采用被动整合雷达标志法(PIT)、切鳍标记、荧光标记、超声波标志和T型标志这5种标志方法对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)进行标记后,测定其临界游泳速度,研究5种不同标记对草鱼游泳能力的影响。将试验草鱼按不同体长分为3组:15~18 cm,18~21 cm,21~25 cm,每个体长组均设置对照组,并分别进行以上5种鱼类标志,测量标志后草鱼的绝对临界游泳速度和相对临界游泳速度。采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行数据的分析比较。研究结果表明,随着体长增加,草鱼的绝对临界游泳速度增大,相对临界游泳速度减小;超声波标志对3个体长组草鱼的临界游泳速度均有极显著影响(P0.01),标志后草鱼绝对临界游泳速度分别下降18.72%、16.40%、23.15%,相对临界游泳速度分别下降18.95%、17.78%、21.86%;T型标志对15~18 cm体长组草鱼的临界游泳速度有极显著性影响(P0.01),标志后草鱼绝对临界游泳速度下降8.35%,相对临界游泳速度下降9.30%,对体长大于18 cm的草鱼无显著性影响;PIT标志、切鳍标记和荧光标记对这3个体长组草鱼的临界游泳速度均无显著性影响(P0.05)。     

Tetracycline Immersion Tagging of Cuttlefish,Sepiella japonica,Larvae

This paper describes the results of tetracycline immersion as a means to tag Sepiella japonica larvae, as well as the toxicity of this approach. The purpose of this study was to differentiate wild and artificially bred cuttlefish using tetracycline marking. We studied the effects of tetracycline immersion and marking on cuttlefish larvae with mantle length of 0.45–0.8 cm. To use the optimum concentration of tetracycline for tagging, the toxicity of tetracycline immersion was determined prior to the tagging experiments. All the cuttlebones were successfully marked in yellow and the tag was clearly visible without any assistive tools after the beginning of the experiment. A positive correlation was found between immersion time and depth of tag color. We conclude that tetracycline immersion marking is an effective mass‐tagging method for S. japonica.     

可见植入荧光标记和编码金属标对达乌尔鳇标志效果的初步研究

2011年9月底至2012年5月,采用可见植入荧光标记(VIE)和编码金属标(CWT)标志全长为(28.06±1.79)cm的达乌尔鳇(Huso dauricus),检验了VIE和CWT的标志保持率及其对达乌尔鳇生长和存活的影响。结果显示,经过210 d实验,VIE标志达乌尔鳇吻部腹面,CWT标志达乌尔鳇背部前(第1～2块背骨板间下方肌肉)、中(第6～7块后背骨板间下方肌肉)、后(第11～12块背骨板间下方肌肉)的标志保持率分别为:95.83%、92.00%、92.59%、92.59%。实验中VIE出现破碎、脱落或迁移致使标志可识别性下降;CWT背部中这一标志部位操作最为简便。标志30 d,VIE标志组的保持率较CWT背部不同部位标志组及对照组低,且差异显著(P<0.05),此后31～210 d并无显著性差异。VIE和CWT背部不同部位标志对达乌尔鳇的生长无显著性差异。结果表明,VIE和CWT均可用于标志达乌尔鳇。进行短期大规模达乌尔鳇的标志放流可使用成本相对较低的VIE标志。     

The utility of visible implant (VI) tags for marking tropical river fish

In tropical fisheries where ageing fish is often difficult, tagging programmes offer an important means to estimate growth parameters and mortality rates. The majority of tags are large and attached externally via a puncture in the muscle. These characteristics may cause significant biological effects which bias parameter estimates. Visible implant (VI) tags offer a more benign means to individually mark fish. The utility of VI tags for marking five species of tropical river fish was examined. The results indicate that the tag and tagging operation had no influence on either growth or mortality, although tag retention was poor compared with other studies. For three of the five species, the only suitable tagging location was highly inconspicuous and therefore inappropriate for tagging programmes that rely upon fishermen to return tagged fish. Alternative tagging locations may improve retention rates and the visibility of the tag.     

Tagging: on the use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags for the identification of fish

To determine the efficacy of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags for marking rohu Labeo rohita (Ham.) in the selective breeding programme, a series of experiments has been carried out at the Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA) under the Indo–Norwegian project of ‘Selective breeding of rohu’. Six groups of rohu fingerlings with weight ranging from 2 g to 20 g were tagged with PIT tags to determine a suitable size range for tagging. Fingerlings weighing 8–15 g were found to be quite suitable for tagging with a PIT tag. Recovery of the PIT tag depends upon the survival of tagged fish under field conditions. Rejection of the PIT tag by rohu was observed to be only 0.05%. Through effective management practice, the survival of tagged fish increased up to 95%, and thus tag loss was minimized.     

Tag retention and survival of juvenile lobsters, Homarus gammarus (L.), marked with coded wire tags

Microtagging is an adequate method of ensuring correct recapture estimates in enhancement of natural lobster, Homarus gammarus (L.), stocks through releases of cultured juveniles. This paper compares three lobster size categories (8-10, 12-14 and 16-18 mm), two tag lengths (0.5 and 1.0 mm), and two methods of holding the animal during marking with respect to tag retention and survival. A total of 1721 individuals were used in the experiment. The results did not reveal any obvious trends in tag retention related to either different tag lengths or different lobster sizes. Lobster held laterally during tagging showed higher tag retention (94-99%) than lobsters held with the ventral side uppermost (74-97%). Examination, using X-ray, of 81 juveniles which had tested negative for the presence of tag by the magnetic sensing device, showed that four of these in fact had tags. This suggests that the true tag retention figure could be higher than shown in the results. The cumulative mortality ranged from 0 to 4.7% after 3 days, but only for the smallest animals marked with 1 -mm tags laterally: this was significantly higher than in the control group. After 20 days, the cumulative mortality ranged from 0 to 5.7%. but there were no significant differences between experimental and control groups.     

鱼类育种实践中的个体标记技术

本文对鱼类育种实践中所采用的鱼类个体标记方法及其优、缺点进行了综述。鱼类个体标记主要有外标和内标两种方式,每种标记方式中又有不同的具体方法。外标法主要包括鼻签、剪鳍、挂牌、烙印等,具有简便易行、成本较低等优点,但标记的保留率相对较低;内标法有染料标记、放射性同位素标记、荧光色素可见标记和被动整合雷达标记等,内标法的标记保留率较高,但成本也较高。内标法在标记效率和个体存活率上比外标法要好。     

鮸鱼增殖放流标志技术的初步研究

对平均体长9.69 cm的鮸鱼幼鱼进行了挂牌、切腹鳍和荧光标志研究。经14 d的对比饲养观察,发现三种标志方法对鮸鱼幼鱼的生长、成活均没有明显影响。比较三种标志技术的效果,结果显示:挂牌标志具有脱标率低、保留时间长、标志醒目、能保留个体信息、可用于长期的试验研究等特点,是三种标志方法中较为完善的人工标志技术,可在鮸鱼增殖放流的生产实践中应用。挂牌标志成功的最小个体为体长7.6 cm、体重6.4 g,可为鮸鱼规模化人工标志放流时在规格选择上提供参考。     

Effect of visible implant elastomers on the growth,survival and tag retention in juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) in laboratory conditions

This study identifies the possibility of using visible implant elastomers (VIE) to tag juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus). The mean body weight was 2.4 ± 0.4 g, and mean body length 5.5 ± 0.5 cm. Markers in three colours were used: blue, orange and green. Implant elastomers were injected in the rostrum and in the tail shaft. The experiment was conducted over a period of 10 weeks and included also a control group, that is, no tagging. No significant effect of tagging on the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and condition factor of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon was observed. The fish in all groups increased their body weight more than 10 times, reaching body weight of 25–28 g. The final survival in all of the groups was approximately 40%. The final tag retention varied depending on the implant colour. The highest retention of 100% was obtained with orange VIE and was significantly different from blue and green. Tag retention was dependent on the place of marking (P > 0.05). A correlation was observed between the applied dye and the place of marking (P = 0.0166). The best results were obtained when marking with orange VIE in the rostrum as all markers were visible after 70 days even without the use of UV light. According to our research, marking with VIE does not negatively affect growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon and can be recommended for fish with an initial body weight of approximately 2.5 g in the case of short‐term research.     

Effects of tagging on migration behaviour,survival and growth of hatchery‐reared Atlantic salmon smolts

The effects of four different tagging methods (PIT, anchor T‐tag, Carlin tag and dummy radio transmitter) on survival, behaviour and growth of Atlantic salmon smolts during their downstream migration were examined in semi‐natural circular channels during a natural migration period in spring. Survival of smolts was high and tagging wounds healed well in all tagging groups. Tag loss rates were generally low, being the highest (2.5%) in the dummy radio transmitter group. Total length and body mass of the tagged and untagged smolts did not differ at the end of the experiment. Migration activity of smolts generally showed similar patterns among the treatments. However, Carlin‐tagged smolts started their migration slightly later than the PIT‐tagged fish, and smolts tagged with Carlin tag or dummy radio transmitter showed less overall migration activity than fish with PIT tag.